Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition最新文献

Drought stress has become a highly detrimental environmental factor that poses significant threats to sustainable cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production necessitating the implementation of appropriate measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress in the cotton production system. Silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) applications can benefit cotton yield under environmental stress conditions, including drought. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the individual and combined applications of Si and SA influence growth, yield, and physiological responses of cotton plants subjected to drought stress. A polyhouse experiment, arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications, comprising six Si and SA treatments (control, 60 kg ha^–1 Si applied as a soil drench, 1 mM Si applied as a seed priming material, 1 mM SA applied as a foliar spray, 60 kg ha^–1 Si applied as a soil drench + 1 mM SA applied as a foliar spray, and seed priming with 1 mM Si + foliar spray of 1 mM SA) along with three soil moisture levels (100% field capacity [FC], 75% FC, and 50% FC) was conducted. A decrease in soil moisture level from 100 to 50% FC reduced growth (plant height by 18–26%, shoot dry matter by 46–53%, and root dry matter by 27–43%), seed cotton yield (45–55%), irrigation water productivity (41–54%), and physiological response (leaf relative water content by 11–17%, membrane stability index by 44–55%, and up to 102% increase in electrolyte leakage) of cotton plants across Si and SA doses. Among Si and SA doses, a combined application of seed priming with 1 mM Si + foliar spray of 1 mM SA outperformed all other doses and caused an increase of 14–20% in plant height, 78–99% in root dry matter, 24–76% in seed cotton yield, 22–60% in irrigation water productivity, 9–14% in ginning outturn, and 40–94% in membrane stability index across different soil moisture levels. A combined application of Si at 1 mM as a seed priming material and SA at 1 mM as a foliar spray is recommended for cotton cultivation in drought-affected areas.

Increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition influences primary forest soil properties related to C and N dynamics, which may significantly affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We examined how the fertilization pattern and variation in soil in forest types can affect GHG emissions. We conducted a global systematic review of 66 publications on GHG emissions, pH, and C and N soil properties to examine the mechanisms underlying GHG emissions under N, P, and N×P additions in diverse forest ecosystems. The results of our meta-analysis showed that N and N×P addition considerably promote nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in tropical forests, and P addition insignificantly decreased N₂O emissions. N addition and P addition inhibit CO₂ emissions in subtropical forests, which contributes to C storage, although the latter effect was nonsignificant, and P addition increases C dioxide emissions in tropical forests. Moreover, additions of N and N×P promote and inhibit overall methane uptake in the variety of forests studied, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that the form, rate, duration, and N: P ratio of fertilization and the mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature are influential variables affecting GHG emissions from forests under the various fertilizer additions. Our results highlight that when accurately predicting the effect of N and P deposition on soil GHG emissions, the characteristics of different forest types should be synthetically considered, such as experimental conditions, environmental variables, and soil properties. These results advance the understanding of the responding mechanism of soil GHG emissions in forests to different N and P addition models.

Nanotechnology is an emerging and innovative field with potential to sustain agriculture against abiotic stress. Various nanoparticles with ultrafine structure and size range of 1–100 nm used in promoting crop production. Earlier studies have demonstrated that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) help plants to endure abiotic induced growth inhibition. SeNPs can be synthesized by different methods such as physical, chemical and biological. However biosynthesized SeNP are cost effective, biocompatible and nontoxic in nature and can be used as an alternative approach compare to conventional in controlling abiotic stress induce problems in plants. This review focus on classification of nanoparticles, mechanism and biological synthesis of SeNPs, application methods and action potential on the growth, development and immune responses of plant. It aims to elucidate its effects on plants under salinity, heavy metals, drought and cold stresses and to find its effects on plant genomics. The effects, translocation and accumulation of SeNPs have been documented at various developmental stages of plant growth and metabolism depending on plant physiology, particle size and stress severity. It also discusses the applications of SeNPs on abiotic stresses susceptible plants. We have concluded that SeNPs via different modes of applications have promising effect in promoting plant growth and yield by improving germination of seeds and seedling growth, enhancing antioxidant enzymatic activity, reducing oxidative damage, regulating molecular responses, inducing photosynthetic efficiency and activating genes to resist against stresses. We emphasize that further research is needed to interpret the involvement of physiological and morphological mechanisms activation by nanoparticles implications against environmental stresses.

Purpose: Drought stress is an important challenge to global food security and agricultural output. Dramatic and quick climate change has made the problem worse. It caused unexpected impacts on the growth, development, and yield of different plants. Hence, the ultimate yield does not fulfill the required demand. Understanding the biochemical, ecological, and physiological reactions to these pressures is essential for improved management. Chitosan applications have a wide prospect of addressing abiotic issues. Moreover, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles have a positive impact on increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress, like drought stress. The current research investigated the consequences of drought stress on the morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of Vicia faba plants, a comparison of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles, and their ameliorating capacity towards drought stress. Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the beneficial role of either chitosan (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 gL^− 1) or chitosan NPs (10, 20, and 30 mgL^− 1) in inducing the Vicia faba tolerance to drought stress (60% water field capacity). Results: Drought stress significantly affected vegetative growth parameters of the shoot system, photosynthetic pigments, and indole acetic acid, accompanied by significant increases in vegetative growth parameters of the root system, some chemical composition of dry leaf tissues (total soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, phenolic compound, glutathione, α tocopherol), hydrogen peroxide, malonialdehyde, lipoxygenase, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase). All applied treatments. chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles, at all concentrations, improved plant tolerance to drought stress via increasing vegetative growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid, total soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, phenolic compound, glutathione, α tocopherol, and antioxidant enzyme activities, accompanied by decreases in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and lipoxygenase enzyme. It is worthy to mention that 20 mgL^− 1 chitosan nanoparticles was the most optimal treatment either under well water conditions (90% water field capacity) or drought stress conditions (60% water field capacity). Moreover, it is obvious from these results that the response of bean plants grown under well watered conditions was more pronounced than that of those plants grown under drought stress conditions to 20 mgL^− 1 chitosan nanoparticles. Conclusions: Hence, it can be concluded that chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles can mitigate the negative impacts of drought stress by improving the photosybthetic pigments, endogenous indole acetic acid, and osmolyte contents, as well as the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant compounds of the Vicia faba plant.

To optimize the utilization of straw resources and devise appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application strategies, this study centers on enhancing soil productivity while boosting double-season maize yield in Guangxi, ultimately aiming to foster sustainable agricultural development while pursuing yield. It was a five-year split-plot study where the main plots were straw return and traditional planting treatments, and the subscript were 0 and 250 kg ha^− 1 N fertilizer applications. The soil physicochemical property were determined in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil depth. Furthermore, soil samples were fractionated into different size aggregates, followed by a measurement of aggregate distribution and nutrient content. Our findings revealed a distribution trend of large macro-aggregates (> 2000 μm) > small macro-aggregates (250–2000 μm) > micro-aggregates (53–250 μm), with a notably small proportion of aggregates < 0.053 μm. Specifically, 250 kg ha^− 1 nitrogen application under straw return (SRN250) demonstrated an enhancement in soil aggregate organic carbon (SOC) content, leading to improved soil physical attributes and stability within the 0–40 cm soil depth. Changes in aggregate total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium were predominantly observed in the 0–20 cm soil depth. Furthermore, a positive correlation was established between SOC and aggregate stability. The experimental results show that the SRN250 management practice can not only increase maize yields but also enhance the soil fertility within five years. Additionally, the study highlights the crucial role of SOC content in facilitating aggregate formation and increasing large macro-aggregates distribution, indicating the importance of maintaining SOC content for soil health and sustainability.

Improving the management of crop residues is essential for water and soil conservation and for increasing soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) levels in dryland agroecosystems. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the decomposition dynamics and C and N released from crop residues from different cropping systems under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. A litterbag experiment was conducted from July of 2020 to June of 2021 to examine the shoot and root decomposition dynamics of different cropping systems; the following systems were selected: V(B), vetch (Vicia sativa) residue decomposition in a barley crop; B(V), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) residue decomposition in a vetch crop; P(B), pea (Pisum sativum) residue decomposition in a barley crop; B(P), barley residue decomposition in a pea crop; and B(B), barley residue decomposition in a barley crop. After 48 weeks of decomposition, a 45% and 60% of residues mass remaining (MR) was found corresponding to vetch and pea shoot residues respectively, whilst barley MR ranged 77–87% depending on the cropping system. In root residues, the mass decay from legume residues (40–45%) was higher compared to barley residues (17–29%). Exponential decay and linear models explained the residue decomposition observed in our study conditions. Residues C to N ratio and edaphoclimatic conditions played a major role controlling the decomposition. Residue decomposition and C and N release dynamics from different crop residues need to be considered for a transition to more sustainable agroecosystems under Mediterranean semiarid conditions.

This study focuses on how the native broad-leaved tree species, Schima superba (Ss), influence the belowground ecological environment of the long-time pure Eucalyptus culture plantations (PCP) in South China. We selected five sites from each transformation mode: the continuing pure E. urophylla (Eu) culture plantation and the introducing Ss into pure Eu culture plantation, and collected litter and soil samples. For collected samples, we measured chemical and biochemical properties, and analyzed microbial community structure using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to investigate the effects of the five-year Ss introduction on soil properties and microbial community of the three-generation Eu PCP mode. The introduction of Ss increased total and available nutrients levels, except for the available potassium and pH. It also enhanced bacterial community richness. The relative abundance of WPS-2 in litter and soil layers increased, while that of Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Gemmatimonadetes in the litter layer decreased. Chloroflexi became the bacterial network core in the mixed Ss with Eu culture plantations (MCP) mode, replacing Planctomycetes, the core in the Eu PCP mode. For the fungal community, the introduction of Ss increased fungal community diversity and richness in the soil layer but decreased them in the litter layer. It also reduced the relative abundance of Basidiomycota while increasing that of Rozellomycota and Mucoromycota. Ascomycota became the fungal network core in MCP mode, replacing Basidiomycota, the core in Eu PCP mode. Therefore, our findings indicated that MCP mode simplified interactions within the microbial community while enhancing soil nutrient levels, recruiting bacteria form Chloroflexi or Verrucomicrobia, and fungi from copiotrophic Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes, Rozellomycota or Mucoromycota to mineralize soil and decompose litter.

Graphical Abstract

Salinity is one of the principal abiotic stresses that occurs in the Mediterranean area, causing loss of productivity and decrease of vegetable crop quality. The effect of salinity (0, 25, 75, 150 mM NaCl) was evaluated in three Diplotaxis tenuifolia varieties (Dragon Tongue, Capriccio, Piccante), previously selected for salinity tolerance and high glucosinolates production in leaves. The aim of this research was to explore the salinity tolerance of three wild rocket varieties cultivated under optimal temperature conditions and under high temperature that typically characterized the Mediterranean greenhouse. Biometric, biomass, pigment production and physiological parameters were evaluated. Biometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters significantly varied because of variety, salt level used and environmental conditions. PCA analysis highlighted that the two cultivation systems deeply affected the wild rockets response to salt stress. In general, under optimal growing conditions, wild rocket varieties showed higher growth parameters compared to greenhouse conditions. Overall Capriccio was the most susceptible variety to salinity, while Dragon Tongue (V1) and Piccante (V3) were more tolerant to salt stress. Furthermore, in both growing conditions V1 was the less productive variety while V3 showed an opposite trend. Interestingly, gene (DtOxo and DtGst) expression analysis revealed a significant increase of the target gene expression as response of salinity levels, with a clear increase of DtOxo level in V1 and V3. The results obtained in this study can be useful to plan future breeding programs aimed to increase rocket quality grown under Mediterranean conditions.

With the escalating population, modernization and intensification of agriculture, secondary salinization of soil has emerged as a significant challenge. The development of technologies aimed at improving salinized land and enhancing soil fertility holds paramount importance in the agricultural development process. However, a notable gap exists in periodic summary and analysis research in this field. To address this gap, this review employs a visual bibliometric research method. Drawing from the literature on salinized land improvement and soil fertility enhancement, indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1990 to 2022, we aim to gain insights into the development trends of research field. Utilizing the CiteSpace analysis software, we delve into the patterns and trends in salinized land improvement and soil fertility enhancement. The results reveal a steady rise in publication and citation volumes, with a literature publication growth rate of 122%. The upward trend reflects the increasing urgency and significance of this research area. Global population growth, coupled with water resource shortages, creates a pressing need for further advancements in agricultural soil restoration and improvement techniques. Soil degradation, which contributes to the depletion of soil organic carbon stocks, poses a significant threat to the sustainability of agricultural systems. As a result, achieving carbon sequestration, emission reduction, and soil fertility enhancement has become a shared objective among researchers. International cooperation and exchange play a pivotal role in driving scientific research in this field. Over the past few decades, the research focus has shifted from agricultural management and planting systems, conservation tillage, soil amendment application, and soil microbial diversity to ecological effects and climate change. Current research hotspots primarily concentrate on the impact of amendments on soil fertility, soil organic carbon stocks, soil physical and chemical properties, and biophysical processes in diverse agricultural and forestry systems. By understanding these trends and hotspots, we can gain valuable insights into the current state of research and identify potential areas for future exploration. This research can contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable soil fertility enhancement techniques, ultimately promoting agricultural sustainability and environmental preservation.