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Sulfur: Long‐term outlook for a critical element for surfactant production 硫:表面活性剂生产关键元素的长期展望
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12741
Brian P. Grady
Sulfur is a key element in most anionic surfactants. About 75% of sulfur currently is generated as a waste byproduct of petroleum refining, while most of the remainder is generated as a waste byproduct of natural gas refining. Assuming the world's fossil fuel use decreases in the future, what will happen with sulfur‐containing surfactants? Three possible alternatives are explored. First, alternate sources of sulfur could replace sulfur from fossil fuel. Second, surfactants that do not contain sulfur could replace those that contain sulfur. Third, other industries could replace sulfur in their products, while sulfur remains in surfactants. Each of these will be considered, and predictions will be made in terms of the likeliest outcomes.
硫是大多数阴离子表面活性剂的关键元素。目前,约 75% 的硫是石油提炼过程中产生的废弃副产品,其余大部分是天然气提炼过程中产生的废弃副产品。假设未来全球化石燃料使用量减少,含硫表面活性剂将如何发展?本文探讨了三种可能的替代方案。首先,硫的替代来源可以取代化石燃料中的硫。第二,不含硫的表面活性剂可以取代含硫的表面活性剂。第三,其他行业可以替代其产品中的硫,而硫仍然存在于表面活性剂中。我们将考虑上述每一种情况,并对最有可能出现的结果进行预测。
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引用次数: 0
Sulfur: Long‐term outlook for a critical element for surfactant production 硫:表面活性剂生产关键元素的长期展望
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12741
Brian P. Grady
Sulfur is a key element in most anionic surfactants. About 75% of sulfur currently is generated as a waste byproduct of petroleum refining, while most of the remainder is generated as a waste byproduct of natural gas refining. Assuming the world's fossil fuel use decreases in the future, what will happen with sulfur‐containing surfactants? Three possible alternatives are explored. First, alternate sources of sulfur could replace sulfur from fossil fuel. Second, surfactants that do not contain sulfur could replace those that contain sulfur. Third, other industries could replace sulfur in their products, while sulfur remains in surfactants. Each of these will be considered, and predictions will be made in terms of the likeliest outcomes.
硫是大多数阴离子表面活性剂的关键元素。目前,约 75% 的硫是石油提炼过程中产生的废弃副产品,其余大部分是天然气提炼过程中产生的废弃副产品。假设未来全球化石燃料使用量减少,含硫表面活性剂将如何发展?本文探讨了三种可能的替代方案。首先,硫的替代来源可以取代化石燃料中的硫。第二,不含硫的表面活性剂可以取代含硫的表面活性剂。第三,其他行业可以替代其产品中的硫,而硫仍然存在于表面活性剂中。我们将考虑上述每一种情况,并对最有可能出现的结果进行预测。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking the beauty benefits: Exploring biosurfactants from Scheffersomyces shehatae for cosmetics 释放美容功效:探索用于化妆品的谢弗逊酵母菌生物表面活性剂
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12739
Carine Cassimiro Cedrola, Fernanda Gonçalves Barbosa, Paulo Ricardo Franco Marcelino, Natália Prado da Silva, Guilherme Diniz Tavares, Thaís Nogueira Barradas, Silvio Silvério da Silva, Fernanda Maria Pinto Vilela

As the cosmetic market continues to transform, innovative ingredients such as biosurfactants (BS) emerge as a fundamental step towards a generation of cosmetic products characterized by efficacy, safety, and environmental responsibility. In alignment with the global push towards natural, renewable, and non-toxic materials, BS stands out as an interesting alternative to conventional synthetic surfactants. BS are a type of green surfactants and compared to synthetic surfactants derived from petroleum they are more biodegradable and have low or no toxicity. This work aimed to investigate the suitability of a biosurfactant extracted from the yeast Scheffersomyces shehatae (BS-SS) to be used in cosmetic applications. The cytotoxicity of the BS-SS was tested in fibroblast (L929) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines and the potential for ocular irritation was assessed by the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM). The cleaning efficiency of the BS-SS was measured as the ability of make-up removal in pig skin. Our results showed that the IC 50 values were 10.49 mg/mL for fibroblasts and 11.77 mg/mL for keratinocytes, and the biosurfactant did not result in hemorrhage, lysis, and coagulation damages in the chorioallantoic membrane, which classifies the biosurfactant solution as non-irritant. Therefore, ocular toxicity and in vitro skin cell toxicity results showed that BS-SS can be tolerable and safe for cosmetic purposes. BS-SS featured promising cleaning properties, similar to the cleansing activity of the 1% SDS solution and of micellar water for lipstick and foundation products. In conclusion, the results indicate its potential use in cosmetic applications.

随着化妆品市场的不断变革,生物表面活性剂(BS)等创新成分应运而生,成为新一代高效、安全、环保的化妆品的基础。随着全球对天然、可再生和无毒材料的推崇,生物表面活性剂脱颖而出,成为传统合成表面活性剂的有趣替代品。BS 是一种绿色表面活性剂,与来自石油的合成表面活性剂相比,它们更易于生物降解,毒性低或无毒。这项工作旨在研究从谢弗逊酵母(Scheffersomyces shehatae)中提取的生物表面活性剂(BS-SS)是否适合用于化妆品。在成纤维细胞(L929)和角质细胞(HaCaT)系中测试了 BS-SS 的细胞毒性,并通过母鸡卵绒毛膜试验(HET-CAM)评估了其对眼部的潜在刺激性。BS-SS 的清洁效率是指在猪皮肤上卸妆的能力。结果表明,成纤维细胞的 IC 50 值为 10.49 mg/mL,角质细胞的 IC 50 值为 11.77 mg/mL,而且生物表面活性剂不会导致绒毛膜出血、裂解和凝固损伤,因此生物表面活性剂溶液无刺激性。因此,眼部毒性和体外皮肤细胞毒性结果表明,BS-SS 可用于化妆品用途,具有耐受性和安全性。BS-SS 具有良好的清洁特性,与 1% SDS 溶液和胶束水对口红和粉底产品的清洁活性相似。总之,这些结果表明了 BS-SS 在化妆品应用中的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
P-toluenesulfonychloride-based niosomes for Amphotericin-B against Leishmaniasis 基于对甲苯磺酸的抗利什曼病两性霉素-Biosomes
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12736
Imdad Ali, Sammer Yousuf, Shafi Ullah, Israr Ali, Mahwish Siddiqui, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Muhammad Raza Shah

Nonionic-surfactants have been reported as nanocarriers for delivering low bioavailable drugs at the target sites. In the current study, two new nonionic surfactants were synthesized to enhance the oral bioavailability of the low water-soluble antifungal drug Amphotericin-B. The hemolysis effect of nonionic surfactants on red blood cells and cytotoxicity against the 3T3 cell line was studied. Both surfactants have shown low hemolysis and cytotoxicity as compared to standard Tween 80. The morphology of drug-loaded niosomes of nonionic surfactants 1 and 2 was studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and both surfactants based vesicles were spherical, while their average sizes were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) values of surfactants 1 and 2 were 282 ± 3 nm, −8 ± 1 mV, 0.26 and 287 ± 3 nm, −10 ± 1 mV, 0.24. The drug entrapment efficiency and critical micelle concentrations of nonionic surfactants were determined by using UV–visible spectroscopy. The structures of surfactants 1 and 2 were assessed through single-crystal x-ray crystallographic analysis, while Hirshfeld analysis was performed to study the intermolecular interactions of molecules, as well as the packing behavior of their crystals. The nonionic-surfactant 1 was further tested for antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes, in both drug-loaded and unloaded niosomal vesicular forms. The nonionic surfactant 1 was found to be a potentanti-leishmanial agent in the drug-loaded form with IC50 = 3.02 ± 0.91 μM in comparison to their standard drugs Amphotericin-B (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.04 μM) and miltefosine (IC50 = 42.2 ± 0.6 μM) (p < 0.1). These results, therefore, form the basis of further results towards efficient drug delivery against tropical disease Leishmaniasis.

据报道,非离子表面活性剂可作为纳米载体将生物利用度较低的药物输送到目标部位。本研究合成了两种新型非离子表面活性剂,以提高低水溶性抗真菌药物两性霉素-B 的口服生物利用度。研究了非离子表面活性剂对红细胞的溶血作用以及对 3T3 细胞系的细胞毒性。与标准吐温 80 相比,两种表面活性剂的溶血作用和细胞毒性都较低。使用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了非离子表面活性剂 1 和 2 的药物负载型iosomes 的形态,发现这两种表面活性剂的囊泡都呈球形,并通过动态光散射(DLS)测量了它们的平均尺寸。表面活性剂 1 和 2 的平均尺寸、zeta 电位和多分散指数(PDI)值分别为 282 ± 3 nm、-8 ± 1 mV、0.26 和 287 ± 3 nm、-10 ± 1 mV、0.24。利用紫外可见光谱测定了非离子表面活性剂的药物夹带效率和临界胶束浓度。通过单晶 X 射线晶体学分析评估了表面活性剂 1 和 2 的结构,并通过 Hirshfeld 分析研究了分子间的相互作用及其晶体的堆积行为。研究人员还进一步测试了非离子表面活性剂 1 在药物负载和非负载纳米囊泡形态下对热带利什曼原虫的抗利什曼活性。结果发现,与标准药物两性霉素-B(IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.04 μM)和米替福辛(IC50 = 42.2 ± 0.6 μM)相比,非离子表面活性剂 1 是一种有效的载药型抗利什曼病剂,IC50 = 3.02 ± 0.91 μM(p <0.1)。因此,这些结果为进一步研究针对热带疾病利什曼病的高效给药奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Formulation of rhamnolipid-containing cosmetics without sulfate surfactants: A rheology and stability study 不含硫酸盐表面活性剂的含鼠李糖脂化妆品配方:流变性和稳定性研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12733
Ang Xiao, Yuxin Yang, Xianglong Liu, Chong Shen, Qin Meng

Sulfate surfactants in cosmetic products raise concerns due to their skin irritating impact and sustainability. Rhamnolipid, a green and safe biosurfactant, was studied from the perspective of rheology to help develop a formulation with natural and effective ingredients for cosmetics. The viscosity of rhamnolipids was investigated by changing pH, concentration and adding additives like inorganic salts (NaCl, MgCl2) and polymers (Carbopol® Ultrez 20, Carbopol® Aqua SF-1, Carbopol® 940 and cationic guar gum), showing that the viscosity of rhamnolipid had a positive correlation with the increase of concentration, a negative correlation with the increase of pH, and that polymers instead of inorganic salts were suitable for thickening rhamnolipid. Further rheology tests indicated that Carbopol® Aqua SF-1 imparted gel properties of rhamnolipid while cationic guar gum determined the liquid properties. In addition, the rhamnolipid-containing moisturizing cream consisting of stearic acid/squalane ratios all showed shear-thinning and gel behavior the same as the commercial ones. Visual appearance and particle size analysis indicated that all formulations exhibited high storage stabilities. The knowledge gained from this study may be useful for designing “sulfonate-free” shampoo and cream with rheological properties that can be tailed for specific commercial cosmetic applications.

化妆品中的硫酸盐表面活性剂因其对皮肤的刺激性和可持续性而备受关注。鼠李糖脂是一种绿色安全的生物表面活性剂,我们从流变学的角度对其进行了研究,以帮助开发一种含有天然有效成分的化妆品配方。通过改变 pH 值、浓度以及添加无机盐(NaCl、MgCl2)和聚合物(Carbopol® Ultrez 20、Carbopol® Aqua SF-1、Carbopol® 940 和阳离子瓜尔胶)等添加剂,研究了鼠李糖脂的粘度,结果表明鼠李糖脂的粘度与浓度的增加呈正相关,与 pH 值的增加呈负相关,聚合物而非无机盐适合用于增稠鼠李糖脂。进一步的流变测试表明,Carbopol® Aqua SF-1 赋予鼠李糖脂凝胶特性,而阳离子瓜尔胶则决定了其液体特性。此外,硬脂酸/角鲨烷配比的鼠李糖脂保湿霜也显示出与商用保湿霜相同的剪切稀化和凝胶特性。视觉外观和粒度分析表明,所有配方都具有很高的储存稳定性。本研究获得的知识可能有助于设计出具有流变特性的 "无磺酸盐 "洗发水和乳霜,以满足特定的商业化妆品应用需求。
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引用次数: 0
Proposal for a systematic naming convention for liamocins 关于利亚莫辛系统命名规则的建议
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12735
Till Tiso, Gina Welsing, Anna Lipphardt, Daniel F. Sauer, Zhenming Chi, Lars M. Blank, Heiko Hayen
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and isolation of hydrophilic mannosylerythritol lipids via chemical modification and stepwise extraction 通过化学修饰和逐步萃取制备和分离亲水性甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂质
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12738
Fei Yu, Qining Yang, Tianyou Cui, Li Luo, Mengqian Zhao, Xuwei Long

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), a glycolipid biosurfactant, possess great potential in many high-value-added fields. However, its water-insolubility is an important obstacle to its wide application, especially in home and personal care fields. In this study, a new strategy “killing two birds with one stone” based on the chemical modification of natural MELs was developed for the preparation of hydrophilic MELs. These newly prepared MELs can be efficiently isolated from the reacted solution via stepwise extraction with a methanol/n-hexane system. 88% of hydrophilic MELs were recovered from natural MELs, with a corresponding yield of 50%. This is mainly attributed to the esterification of fatty acids, representing the main and relatively-difficult-to-remove impurities in fermentative-produced MELs, facilitating separation from the MEL product via extraction. Moreover, these new MELs presented comparable surface activities to natural MELs while exhibiting enhanced water solubility and biocompatibility. This originates from the generation of MEL-D, resulting from the deacetylation of natural MELs and the formation of new hydrophilic MELs containing just one hydrophobic chain (named “MEL-G”). Hence, the present strategy is not only beneficial for the removal of impurities (fatty acids) but also for the preparation of MELs with improved hydrophilicity.

甘露糖基季戊四醇脂(MELs)是一种糖脂类生物表面活性剂,在许多高附加值领域具有巨大潜力。然而,它的水不溶性是其广泛应用的一个重要障碍,尤其是在家庭和个人护理领域。本研究开发了一种 "一石二鸟 "的新策略,即通过对天然 MELs 进行化学修饰来制备亲水性 MELs。这些新制备的 MEL 可通过甲醇/正己烷体系的分步萃取从反应溶液中有效分离出来。从天然 MEL 中回收了 88% 的亲水性 MEL,相应的产率为 50%。这主要归功于脂肪酸的酯化作用,脂肪酸是发酵法生产的 MEL 中主要的杂质,而且相对较难去除,这有利于通过萃取从 MEL 产物中分离出来。此外,这些新型 MEL 的表面活性与天然 MEL 相当,同时具有更高的水溶性和生物相容性。这源于天然 MEL 去乙酰化后生成的 MEL-D,以及仅含有一条疏水链的新亲水 MEL(命名为 "MEL-G")。因此,本策略不仅有利于去除杂质(脂肪酸),还有利于制备亲水性更好的 MEL。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis, characterization, and corrosion protection potential of a highly effective and water-miscible surfactant for mild steel in sulfuric acid solution 低碳钢在硫酸溶液中的高效水溶性表面活性剂的合成、表征和腐蚀防护潜力
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12737
Ibrahim Y. Yaagoob, Lipiar K. M. O. Goni, Mohammad A. J. Mazumder, Chandrabhan Verma, Shaikh A. Ali, Akram Alfantazi

In the current study, a tetracationic quaternary ammonium salt (TCQAC) was synthesized and characterized and its ability to suppress corrosion on mild steel (MS) in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was examined. Various chemical, electrochemical, and surface characterization techniques were utilized to study the inhibition efficiency of TCQAC. The TCQAC manifests 99.83% efficiency at 20 ppm concentration. Out of all the examined isotherm models, the Langmuir isotherm offered the best fit for the TCQAC adsorption on the MS surface. A very high negative value of ΔGads (−45.18 kJ mol−1) suggests that the adsorption of TCQAC followed the chemisorption mechanism. Electrochemical studies indicate that TCQAC increases the linear and charge transfer resistances (LPR and Rct, respectively). TCQAC slows down the anodic and cathodic Tafel reactions; however, it acts as an anodic-type inhibitor at 5, 10, and 20 ppm. The appearance of extra Cl and N signals in the energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrum and an improvement in surface smoothness in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the inhibited sample corroborated the adsorption method of corrosion inhibition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study indicates that TCQAC creates corrosion preventive layers by chemical adsorption. In Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were delocalized around the central part that comprises two benzyls, four allyls, and one hydrocarbon ((CH2)6) moieties and two quaternary nitrogen atoms. The outcomes of XPS and density functional theory (DFT) analyses indicate that the chemisorption of TCQAC occurs by dπ–pπ bonding with the surface iron atoms. The π-electrons of aryl and allyl moieties extensively participate in the bonding.

本研究合成并表征了一种四阳离子季铵盐 (TCQAC),并考察了它在 0.5 M H2SO4 溶液中抑制低碳钢 (MS) 腐蚀的能力。研究采用了各种化学、电化学和表面表征技术来研究 TCQAC 的抑制效率。在 20ppm 浓度下,TCQAC 的抑制效率为 99.83%。在所有研究过的等温线模型中,Langmuir 等温线最适合 TCQAC 在 MS 表面的吸附。ΔGads(-45.18 kJ mol-1)的负值非常高,表明 TCQAC 的吸附遵循化学吸附机制。电化学研究表明,TCQAC 会增加线性电阻和电荷转移电阻(分别为 LPR 和 Rct)。TCQAC 会减缓阳极和阴极 Tafel 反应;但是,在 5、10 和 20 ppm 的浓度下,TCQAC 会起到阳极型抑制剂的作用。能量色散 X 射线(EDX)光谱中出现了额外的 Cl 和 N 信号,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像中被抑制样品的表面光滑度也得到了改善,这些都证实了吸附抑制腐蚀的方法。X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究表明,TCQAC 通过化学吸附产生了防腐蚀层。在前沿分子轨道(FMOs)中,最高占位分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占位分子轨道(LUMO)围绕着由两个苄基、四个烯丙基和一个烃((CH2)6) 分子和两个季氮原子组成的中心部分而分散。XPS 和密度泛函理论(DFT)分析结果表明,TCQAC 通过与表面铁原子的 dπ-pπ 键发生化学吸附。芳基和烯丙基的 π 电子广泛参与了成键过程。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of surfactants on electrokinetic potential of tracer particles and borosilicate glass revealed within the development of SZP technique 表面活性剂对示踪粒子和硼硅玻璃电动势的影响在 SZP 技术发展中的揭示
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12732
Tatyana Yu. Podlipskaya, Nikita O. Shaparenko, Alexander I. Bulavchenko

The surface zeta potential (SZP) technique is a promising method for investigating the electrokinetic properties of various macroscopic surfaces. However, there have been no attempts as yet to use the SZP technique in the presence of surfactants. In this work, we studied the effect of classical low-molecular surfactants (SDS, АОТ, Triton X-100, and CTAB) on the properties of tracer particles with different size: commercial polystyrene (PSN, 27.2 ± 0.1 nm), “blue” colloidal (BI-ZR5, 191 ± 1 nm), and hydrophilic SiO2 particles (520 ± 12 nm) obtained by quartz evaporation under the action of a relativistic electron beam. The initial charge of all the particles was negative. Anionic surfactants (АОТ and SDS) exerted virtually no effect on ζ-potential up to the concentration of 10−3 M and decreased it by ca. 27% at the concentration of 10−2 M. Nonionic oxyethylated Triton X-100 increased ζ-potential but did not recharge the particles. Cationic CTAB recharged the surface of all the particles already at the concentration of 10−5 M; at 10−2 M ζ-potential reached 39–65 mV. The possibility of applying BI-ZR5 as the tracer particles to estimate the electrokinetic potential of the borosilicate glass substrate in the presence of CTAB was demonstrated.

表面zeta电位(SZP)技术是研究各种宏观表面电动特性的一种很有前途的方法。然而,目前还没有人尝试在表面活性剂存在的情况下使用 SZP 技术。在这项工作中,我们研究了经典低分子表面活性剂(SDS、АОТ、Triton X-100 和 CTAB)对不同尺寸示踪粒子特性的影响:商用聚苯乙烯(PSN,27.2 ± 0.1 nm)、"蓝色 "胶体(BI-ZR5,191 ± 1 nm),以及在相对论电子束作用下通过石英蒸发获得的亲水性二氧化硅粒子(520 ± 12 nm)。所有颗粒的初始电荷均为负电荷。阴离子表面活性剂(АОТ和 SDS)在浓度达到 10-3 M 时对ζ电位几乎没有影响,而在浓度达到 10-2 M 时,ζ电位降低了约 27%。非离子氧乙基化 Triton X-100 增加了ζ电位,但没有给颗粒充电。阳离子 CTAB 在浓度为 10-5 M 时已对所有颗粒的表面充电;在 10-2 M 时,ζ电位达到 39-65 mV。这证明了使用 BI-ZR5 作为示踪粒子来估算硼硅玻璃基底在 CTAB 存在下的电动势的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of foaming agents for high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-salinity reservoirs based on a new foam evaluator 基于新型泡沫评价器的高温、高压和高盐度储层发泡剂评价
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12734
Longjie Li, Jijiang Ge, Xiaojuan Shi, Yan Pan, Hongbin Guo, Wenhui Wang, Jianhai Wang, Baolei Jiao

In this study, a novel high-temperature and high-pressure foam evaluator with variable diameters inner cell and cylinder flip function was designed on our own, which can solve the problems such as difficulties in foam generation and inaccurate determination of various foam parameters by the same type of instruments, through which the foaming performance of more than 10 betaine surfactants was evaluated. The results show that: (1) the higher the pressure, the higher the foaming rate of the foaming agent and the more stable the foam, but the foam stability of the foamers at low and high pressures, and low and high temperatures do not correspond exactly, and the foaming agent used needs to be screened under simulated reservoir conditions. (2) The comprehensive foaming performance of different types of foamers with different molecular structures found that hydroxy sulfobetaine with longer carbon chains has a relatively better foaming performance. Therefore, for the reservoir conditions of temperature 130°C, pressure 30 MPa, and salinity 22 × 104 mg/L, hydroxy sulfobetaine, which does not contain an amide group in the molecule, can be considered preferentially as a foaming agent. The results can guide the selection of foaming agents for high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs.

本研究自行设计了一种新型的高温高压泡沫评价仪,具有内腔直径可变和圆筒翻转功能,可以解决同类型仪器发泡困难和各种泡沫参数测定不准确等问题,通过该仪器对 10 多种甜菜碱表面活性剂的发泡性能进行了评价。结果表明(1)压力越高,起泡剂的起泡率越高,泡沫越稳定,但起泡剂在低压和高压、低温和高温下的泡沫稳定性并不完全一致,使用的起泡剂需要在模拟储层条件下进行筛选。(2)通过对不同类型、不同分子结构的发泡剂的发泡性能进行综合分析发现,碳链较长的羟基磺基甜菜碱的发泡性能相对较好。因此,在温度 130℃、压力 30 兆帕、盐度 22×104 毫克/升的储层条件下,分子中不含酰胺基的羟基磺基甜菜碱可优先考虑作为发泡剂。研究结果可指导高温和高盐度油藏发泡剂的选择。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Surfactants and Detergents
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