Journal of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine最新文献

Wound healing is a complicated process that involves many different types of cells and signaling pathways. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown great potential as a treatment to improve wound healing because they can modulate inflammation, promote the growth of new blood vessels, and stimulate the regeneration of tissue. Recent evidence indicates MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles known as exosomes may mediate many of the therapeutic effects of MSCs on wound healing. Exosomes contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs that can be transferred to recipient cells to modulate cellular responses. This article reviews current evidence on the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs)-derived exosomes on wound healing. In vitro and animal studies demonstrate that hUCMSC-derived exosomes promote fibroblast proliferation/migration, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization while reducing inflammation and scar formation. These effects are mediated by exosomal transfer of cytokines, growth factors, and regulatory microRNAs that modulate signaling pathways involved in wound healing. Challenges remain in exosome isolation methods, optimizing targeting/retention, and translation to human studies. Nevertheless, hUCMSCs-derived exosomes show promise as a novel cell-free therapeutic approach to accelerate wound closure and improve healing outcomes. Further research is warranted to fully characterize hUCMSCs-exosomal mechanisms and explore their clinical potential for wound management.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes chronic pain and disability worldwide. This disease is mainly caused by IL-1β and TNF-α, which lead to cartilage degradation and inhibit the repair capacity of damaged cartilage. Recent studies have shown that amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) secrete proteins that can effectively help in the treatment of cartilage damaged by OA. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms behind the healing properties of the AF-MSC secretome (AFS-se) under OA conditions. This study involved growing chondrocyte progenitor cells (CPCs) and traumatized cartilage tissues in the presence of the cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, which mimic OA conditions. AFS-se was then added to the culture medium to determine its effect on the CPCs and cartilage. Cell migration, endogenous cell outgrowth, the expression of chondrogenic and anabolic genes, and the mechanism of proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were examined in this study. AFS-se inhibited the inflammatory effects of IL-1β and TNF-α by significantly reducing ERK phosphorylation in the MAPK signaling pathway and decreasing downstream proinflammatory COX2 products. The impaired CPCs recovered their ability to migrate, and endogenous CPCs in injured osteoarthritic cartilage were able to regrow in response to inflammatory stimuli. Additionally, the expression of anabolic genes such as Col I, Col II, and IGF1 was restored in defective CPCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that AFS-se has therapeutic effects on OA by inhibiting the inflammatory functions of IL-1β and TNF-α through protein phosphorylation in the MAPK pathway while also promoting the regenerative and self-repair functions of CPCs in traumatized cartilage.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells in a tumor which can begin to grow, develop, and induce resistance in the tumor. Recent studies have shown that as with mesenchymal stem cells, CSCs can also regenerate themselves and be involved in tumorigenesis. Recent advances in detection of biomarkers for identifying CSCs as well as development of new techniques for evaluating the tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis roles of CSCs have been considerable. In recent years, more systematic review papers have been published about CSCs and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), highlighting the need to accumulate information and draw final conclusions from these studies. Methods: This research protocol for review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist. The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) and the registration number is CRD42022301720. Results: We identified 8 review articles about CSCs in HNSCCs. Conclusions: This umbrella review provides a comprehensive summary of the body of published systematic reviews and reviews in CSCs and HNSCCs. There is strong evidence suggesting that targeting the cancer stem cells could lead to a more definitive response, since the cancer stem cells are the putative drivers of recurrence and metastatic spread in HNSCCs.