Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second in women with 1.8 million new cases (1,026,000 men and 823, 3 women) and almost 881.000 deaths. Rates are substantially higher in males than in females Worldwide in 2018. Aim of the work: In this retrospective study we aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of baseline NLR and platelet count on the clinicopathological factors and outcome in patients of all stages Colorectal cancer treated from 1st of January 2014 to the end of December 2016 in Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Ain Shams University hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Patients and methods: Out of 409 patient’s medical records in the GI oncology unit, Ain Shams Clinical Oncology Department were reviewed from the period between 1st of January 2014 to 30 December 2016. Total neutrophils, lymphocytic, and platelets’ counts were available for only 169 patients. Study ended in 1st of August 2018 with median period of follow up of 27.5 month, ranging between 1/1/2014 to 1/8/2018. All patients (169) were pathologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma, with age ranging from 18-75 years old (median age: 55.5 yrs.) Results: Out of 169 patients enrolled in this study, 124 patients were resectable and underwent curative surgeries, 44 patients tumour was right located and 80 patient’s tumour located in the left sided colon. 45 patients were metastatic from the start. Postoperative Platelets ≥ 310 in our study was statistically significant regarding OS, PFS and DFS ( P values <.001, <.001 and 0.007) respectively. Pre-treatment platelet revealed more frequent thrombocytosis in metastatic group than locally advanced group, yet statistically was not significant ( P Value = .066). Postoperative NLR ≥ 2 was significant regarding OS, PFS and DFS among 169 enrolled patients ( P values <.001, .002 and <.001) respectively. In the multivariate analysis, elevated postoperative NLR was proven as both independent prognostic and predictor factor for DFS, PFS and OAS. (sig. =.03, .03, ≤ 0.001 respectively). And platelet count is both independent prognostic factor and predictor for both PFS, OS with significance =.04, =.03 respectively). Conclusion: Abnormal NLR ratio ( ≥ 2) acting as a prognostic and predictor of decrease in DFS, PFS and OS in all patients groups. It also showed that abnormal platelet count ( ≥ 310) is prognostic and predictor of significant decrease in PFS and OS. Multidisciplinary management is needed to aware surgeons about importance of adequate lymph node dissection, our study showed a statistically significant decrease in OAS in patients underwent inadequate LNs dissection.
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of prognostic value of neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio and platelet count in patients with colorectal carcinoma","authors":"M. Elbassiouny, D. Ragab, G. Refaat, Suhad Ali","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n1p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n1p16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and second in women with 1.8 million new cases (1,026,000 men and 823, 3 women) and almost 881.000 deaths. Rates are substantially higher in males than in females Worldwide in 2018. Aim of the work: In this retrospective study we aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of baseline NLR and platelet count on the clinicopathological factors and outcome in patients of all stages Colorectal cancer treated from 1st of January 2014 to the end of December 2016 in Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Ain Shams University hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Patients and methods: Out of 409 patient’s medical records in the GI oncology unit, Ain Shams Clinical Oncology Department were reviewed from the period between 1st of January 2014 to 30 December 2016. Total neutrophils, lymphocytic, and platelets’ counts were available for only 169 patients. Study ended in 1st of August 2018 with median period of follow up of 27.5 month, ranging between 1/1/2014 to 1/8/2018. All patients (169) were pathologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma, with age ranging from 18-75 years old (median age: 55.5 yrs.) Results: Out of 169 patients enrolled in this study, 124 patients were resectable and underwent curative surgeries, 44 patients tumour was right located and 80 patient’s tumour located in the left sided colon. 45 patients were metastatic from the start. Postoperative Platelets ≥ 310 in our study was statistically significant regarding OS, PFS and DFS ( P values <.001, <.001 and 0.007) respectively. Pre-treatment platelet revealed more frequent thrombocytosis in metastatic group than locally advanced group, yet statistically was not significant ( P Value = .066). Postoperative NLR ≥ 2 was significant regarding OS, PFS and DFS among 169 enrolled patients ( P values <.001, .002 and <.001) respectively. In the multivariate analysis, elevated postoperative NLR was proven as both independent prognostic and predictor factor for DFS, PFS and OAS. (sig. =.03, .03, ≤ 0.001 respectively). And platelet count is both independent prognostic factor and predictor for both PFS, OS with significance =.04, =.03 respectively). Conclusion: Abnormal NLR ratio ( ≥ 2) acting as a prognostic and predictor of decrease in DFS, PFS and OS in all patients groups. It also showed that abnormal platelet count ( ≥ 310) is prognostic and predictor of significant decrease in PFS and OS. Multidisciplinary management is needed to aware surgeons about importance of adequate lymph node dissection, our study showed a statistically significant decrease in OAS in patients underwent inadequate LNs dissection.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"31 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81224328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashraf Sobhy Zakaria, Mohammed Gamil, H. Okasha, A. Mebed, R. Tabashy
Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has gradually become the main stream method of the diagnosis and local treatment of pancreatic tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is frequently used in making the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its great role in the pre-operative staging of pancreatic tumors.Objective: To evaluate the role of EUS in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors prospectively for 2 years study 2014-2015.Patients and methods: Prospective study including 70 patients who presented with pancreatic tumors underwent EUS at the endoscopy unit at Faculty of Medicine Cairo University and National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.Results: Out of 70 patients; median age was 55 years (range 32_73 years). Males were 32 (46%) and females were 38 (54%). Jaundice was the main symptom 47 (67%), clay colored stool 46 (65.7%), dark urine 47 (67%) and abdominal pain 50 (71%). There were 20 patients with benign disease and 50 patients with malignant disease. The following results showing the accuracy of the EUS in detecting malignant pancreatic tumors; Sensitivity: 96.0%, specificity: 75%, PPV: 90.6%, NPV: 88.2%, accuracy: 90.0%.Conclusion: EUS can clarify locoregional spread when CT/MR are equivocal. EUS Elastography is a new application in the field of the endosonography and seems to be able to differentiate fibrous and benign tissue from malignant lesions. The combination of superior detection, good staging, tissue diagnosis and potential therapy makes EUS guided FNA a cost-effective modality.
{"title":"Surgical resection of pancreatic tumors: review of 70 cases","authors":"Ashraf Sobhy Zakaria, Mohammed Gamil, H. Okasha, A. Mebed, R. Tabashy","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n1p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n1p15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has gradually become the main stream method of the diagnosis and local treatment of pancreatic tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is frequently used in making the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its great role in the pre-operative staging of pancreatic tumors.Objective: To evaluate the role of EUS in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors prospectively for 2 years study 2014-2015.Patients and methods: Prospective study including 70 patients who presented with pancreatic tumors underwent EUS at the endoscopy unit at Faculty of Medicine Cairo University and National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.Results: Out of 70 patients; median age was 55 years (range 32_73 years). Males were 32 (46%) and females were 38 (54%). Jaundice was the main symptom 47 (67%), clay colored stool 46 (65.7%), dark urine 47 (67%) and abdominal pain 50 (71%). There were 20 patients with benign disease and 50 patients with malignant disease. The following results showing the accuracy of the EUS in detecting malignant pancreatic tumors; Sensitivity: 96.0%, specificity: 75%, PPV: 90.6%, NPV: 88.2%, accuracy: 90.0%.Conclusion: EUS can clarify locoregional spread when CT/MR are equivocal. EUS Elastography is a new application in the field of the endosonography and seems to be able to differentiate fibrous and benign tissue from malignant lesions. The combination of superior detection, good staging, tissue diagnosis and potential therapy makes EUS guided FNA a cost-effective modality.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73964529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amani S. Hadi, Gamal Abdul Hamid, Refaat Al-Areqee, Wafa Abdullah
The general rate of intrusive papillary carcinoma (IPC) is uncommon, representing for less than 1-2 % of invasive breast cancers. They are most generally observed in postmenposal females and uncommon in males. Invasive papillary carcinomas are low grade tumors originating from large or dilated ducts. They are make out of all around outlined solid nodules of monotones neoplastic cell separated by network of fibrovascular cores, IPC is a remarkable sort of breast cancer and regarded of whether it is in-situ or invasive, it has brilliant prognosis. We presenting two cases of invasive papillary carcinoma in male and female; A case of 55years postmenoposal female who presented with history of left breast mass, which this mass notice after trauma same site for 1 year ago the mass gradually increase in size no tenderness, no signs of inflammation. Excisional biopsy was performed and specimen was histopathology diagnosed as invasive papillary carcinoma, left MRM was performed and histopathology diagnosis confirmed and without residual tumor seen in submitted slides and all submitted lymph nodes were free of tumor infiltration (0/14). IHC show ER and PR negative with HER-2 positive. The second case 70 years male presented with right breast mass and history of post-trauma since one year back with gradual increase in size, right radical mastectomy done and histopathology diagnosed as invasive papillary carcinoma, IHC was done ER and PR positive with HER2- negative.
{"title":"Invasive papillary ductal carcinoma of the breast: A case report","authors":"Amani S. Hadi, Gamal Abdul Hamid, Refaat Al-Areqee, Wafa Abdullah","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n1p17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n1p17","url":null,"abstract":"The general rate of intrusive papillary carcinoma (IPC) is uncommon, representing for less than 1-2 % of invasive breast cancers. They are most generally observed in postmenposal females and uncommon in males. Invasive papillary carcinomas are low grade tumors originating from large or dilated ducts. They are make out of all around outlined solid nodules of monotones neoplastic cell separated by network of fibrovascular cores, IPC is a remarkable sort of breast cancer and regarded of whether it is in-situ or invasive, it has brilliant prognosis. We presenting two cases of invasive papillary carcinoma in male and female; A case of 55years postmenoposal female who presented with history of left breast mass, which this mass notice after trauma same site for 1 year ago the mass gradually increase in size no tenderness, no signs of inflammation. Excisional biopsy was performed and specimen was histopathology diagnosed as invasive papillary carcinoma, left MRM was performed and histopathology diagnosis confirmed and without residual tumor seen in submitted slides and all submitted lymph nodes were free of tumor infiltration (0/14). IHC show ER and PR negative with HER-2 positive. The second case 70 years male presented with right breast mass and history of post-trauma since one year back with gradual increase in size, right radical mastectomy done and histopathology diagnosed as invasive papillary carcinoma, IHC was done ER and PR positive with HER2- negative.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"36 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79837749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ermanna Turano, A. Farinazzo, S ElMously, F. Calabria, I Jugerson, B. Bonetti, E. Bazzoli
Purpose: The immune system has a key role in glioma progression, especially the tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). In-vivo, we aimed to study the total TAMs and differential M1 and M2 TAM infiltration in low grade (LGG) versus high grade gliomas (HGG). Also, we investigated the implication of total TAMs and differential M1 and M2 TAMs infiltration on glioma progression. In-vitro, we studied the effect of soluble factors present in nanovesicles (NV) released from M1 TAMs on the fate of glioma cells. Methods: In-vivo, we performed immunohistochemistry using iNOS and CD163 (markers for M1 and M2 respectively). In-vitro, we polarized the human monocytes U937 cell line into M1, we isolated the NV from the M1-conditioned medium (CM) by centrifugation and filtration; then, the protein content of the NV was quantified by the protein assay. We added M1-NV on U251 glioma cells and we studied the cellular activation of glioma cells using the MTT assay. To assess the apoptosis of U251, we used the flow-cytometry. Apoptotic cells were identified by annexin V and Propidium Iodide (markers for early and late apoptosis respectively). Results: in-vivo, there is an M1/M2 imbalance in early stages of glioma which is associated with earlier progression to high malignancy. Also, the higher M2 infiltration, the earlier is the progression. In-vitro, M1-NV had a more potent anti-tumor effect compared to its corresponding CM. We assume that our experimental results can be a future treatment for the cerebral glioma.
{"title":"Tumor associated macrophages and its nanovesicles: Immunological insights in cerebral glioma","authors":"Ermanna Turano, A. Farinazzo, S ElMously, F. Calabria, I Jugerson, B. Bonetti, E. Bazzoli","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n1p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n1p14","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The immune system has a key role in glioma progression, especially the tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). In-vivo, we aimed to study the total TAMs and differential M1 and M2 TAM infiltration in low grade (LGG) versus high grade gliomas (HGG). Also, we investigated the implication of total TAMs and differential M1 and M2 TAMs infiltration on glioma progression. In-vitro, we studied the effect of soluble factors present in nanovesicles (NV) released from M1 TAMs on the fate of glioma cells. Methods: In-vivo, we performed immunohistochemistry using iNOS and CD163 (markers for M1 and M2 respectively). In-vitro, we polarized the human monocytes U937 cell line into M1, we isolated the NV from the M1-conditioned medium (CM) by centrifugation and filtration; then, the protein content of the NV was quantified by the protein assay. We added M1-NV on U251 glioma cells and we studied the cellular activation of glioma cells using the MTT assay. To assess the apoptosis of U251, we used the flow-cytometry. Apoptotic cells were identified by annexin V and Propidium Iodide (markers for early and late apoptosis respectively). Results: in-vivo, there is an M1/M2 imbalance in early stages of glioma which is associated with earlier progression to high malignancy. Also, the higher M2 infiltration, the earlier is the progression. In-vitro, M1-NV had a more potent anti-tumor effect compared to its corresponding CM. We assume that our experimental results can be a future treatment for the cerebral glioma.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"9 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87973939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite a history of frequent challenges and roadblocks, there has been recent excitement in the treatment of human cancer, specifically regarding the remarkable efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockers in treating metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other malignant growths. However, treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with immune checkpoint inhibitors so far has not been shown to be as successful in several randomized clinical trials as in other cancer with the exception of one pilot study that found promising results by neoadjuvant administration of Pembrolizimab for the treatment of recurrent GBM. Our article will review the current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of GBM.
{"title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma: Where we are","authors":"B. Lu, Senxi Du, X. Kong","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n1p7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n1p7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a history of frequent challenges and roadblocks, there has been recent excitement in the treatment of human cancer, specifically regarding the remarkable efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockers in treating metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other malignant growths. However, treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with immune checkpoint inhibitors so far has not been shown to be as successful in several randomized clinical trials as in other cancer with the exception of one pilot study that found promising results by neoadjuvant administration of Pembrolizimab for the treatment of recurrent GBM. Our article will review the current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of GBM.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"46 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80716808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the prevalence of prostate cancer all over the world, it is desired to have tools, technologies, and biomarkers which help in early detection of the disease and discriminate different races and ethnic groups. Genetic information from the single gene analysis and genome-wide association studies have identified few biomarkers, however, the drivers of prostate cancer remain unknown in the majority of prostate cancer patients. In those cases where genetic association has been identified, the genes confer only a modest risk of this cancer, hence, making them less relevant for risk counseling and disease management. There is a need for additional biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. MicroRNAs are a class of non-protein coding RNA molecules that are frequently dysregulated in different cancers including prostate cancer and show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapy. Here we describe the role of micro RNA 146a (miR-146a) which may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for prostate cancer, as indicated from the data presented in this report. Also, a pilot study indicated differential expression of miR-146a in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues from different racial groups. Reduced expression of miR-146a was observed in African American tumor tissues compared to those from European Whites This report provides a novel insight into understanding the prostate carcinogenesis.
{"title":"A health disparities study of MicroRNA-146a expression in prostate cancer samples derived from African American and European American patients.","authors":"Monet Stevenson, Hirendra Nath Banerjee, Narendra Banerjee, Kuldeep Rawat, Lin Chen, Myla Worthington, Sasha Hodge, Rayshawn Walker, Mukesh Verma, Fazlul Sarkar, Santosh Mandal","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering the prevalence of prostate cancer all over the world, it is desired to have tools, technologies, and biomarkers which help in early detection of the disease and discriminate different races and ethnic groups. Genetic information from the single gene analysis and genome-wide association studies have identified few biomarkers, however, the drivers of prostate cancer remain unknown in the majority of prostate cancer patients. In those cases where genetic association has been identified, the genes confer only a modest risk of this cancer, hence, making them less relevant for risk counseling and disease management. There is a need for additional biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. MicroRNAs are a class of non-protein coding RNA molecules that are frequently dysregulated in different cancers including prostate cancer and show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapy. Here we describe the role of micro RNA 146a (miR-146a) which may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for prostate cancer, as indicated from the data presented in this report. Also, a pilot study indicated differential expression of miR-146a in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues from different racial groups. Reduced expression of miR-146a was observed in African American tumor tissues compared to those from European Whites This report provides a novel insight into understanding the prostate carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/jst.v10n2p1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38412305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gemma Issus, S. Mojal, J. Gibert, P. Navarro, M. Arumí-Uría, Dolores Naranjo-Hans, B. Bellosillo, M. Martínez-García, F. Alameda
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Various tumor biomarkers show prognostic value for glioblastomas, including VEGFR2, which is a receptor of VEGF related to the growth of the blood vessel network. VEGFR2 expression associates with poor prognosis in some tumors. Here we studied the prognostic value of the VEGFR2 immunohistochemical expression in glioblastoma. We used tissue microarrays to analyze 45 surgically excised samples from glioblastomas. Clinical data (age, sex, and Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS]) and morphological data (tumor necrosis, palisading, and vascular thrombosis) were collected. We performed a molecular study of MGMT and IDH1 expression (which are potential prognostic factors for glioblastomas) and an immunohistochemical study of VEGFR2 expression. Our results indicate that age, KPS, tumor necrosis, vascular thrombosis, treatment (STUPP versus other), and VEGFR2 immunoreactivity were related to prognosis (p < .005). In a multivariate analysis, only age > 65 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI): 4.9 (2.1–11.4), p < .01), and VEGFR2 immunoexpression (HR (95% CI): 2.8 (1.3–6.1), p = .008), were found to have a statistically significant relation to prognosis. We conclude that immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGFR2 provides added prognostic value to the study of glioblastoma.
胶质母细胞瘤是中枢神经系统最常见、最具侵袭性的原发肿瘤。预后较差，诊断后中位生存期为15个月。各种肿瘤生物标志物显示出胶质母细胞瘤的预后价值，包括VEGFR2，它是一种与血管网络生长相关的VEGF受体。在某些肿瘤中，VEGFR2表达与预后不良相关。我们研究了VEGFR2免疫组化表达在胶质母细胞瘤中的预后价值。我们使用组织微阵列分析了45例手术切除的胶质母细胞瘤样本。收集临床资料(年龄、性别、Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS])和形态学资料(肿瘤坏死、栅栏、血管血栓形成)。我们进行了MGMT和IDH1表达的分子研究(这是胶质母细胞瘤的潜在预后因素)和VEGFR2表达的免疫组织化学研究。我们的研究结果表明，年龄、KPS、肿瘤坏死、血管血栓形成、治疗(STUPP vs . other)和VEGFR2免疫反应性与预后相关(p < 0.005)。在多因素分析中，只有年龄> 65岁(风险比(HR) (95% CI): 4.9 (2.1-11.4)， p < 0.01)和VEGFR2免疫表达(HR (95% CI): 2.8 (1.3-6.1)， p = 0.008)与预后有统计学意义。我们得出结论，VEGFR2的免疫组织化学评估为胶质母细胞瘤的研究提供了额外的预后价值。
{"title":"Prognostic value of VEGFR2 immunoexpression in glioblastoma","authors":"Gemma Issus, S. Mojal, J. Gibert, P. Navarro, M. Arumí-Uría, Dolores Naranjo-Hans, B. Bellosillo, M. Martínez-García, F. Alameda","doi":"10.5430/jst.v10n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v10n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Various tumor biomarkers show prognostic value for glioblastomas, including VEGFR2, which is a receptor of VEGF related to the growth of the blood vessel network. VEGFR2 expression associates with poor prognosis in some tumors. Here we studied the prognostic value of the VEGFR2 immunohistochemical expression in glioblastoma. We used tissue microarrays to analyze 45 surgically excised samples from glioblastomas. Clinical data (age, sex, and Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS]) and morphological data (tumor necrosis, palisading, and vascular thrombosis) were collected. We performed a molecular study of MGMT and IDH1 expression (which are potential prognostic factors for glioblastomas) and an immunohistochemical study of VEGFR2 expression. Our results indicate that age, KPS, tumor necrosis, vascular thrombosis, treatment (STUPP versus other), and VEGFR2 immunoreactivity were related to prognosis (p < .005). In a multivariate analysis, only age > 65 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI): 4.9 (2.1–11.4), p < .01), and VEGFR2 immunoexpression (HR (95% CI): 2.8 (1.3–6.1), p = .008), were found to have a statistically significant relation to prognosis. We conclude that immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGFR2 provides added prognostic value to the study of glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83980525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nagib, Sherine Refat, A. Eladl, Z. Emarah, K. Elnaghi
Background: Expression of PD-L1 detected by immunohistochemistry can represent a new hope for cancer management. The role of PD L1 in breast cancer is still unclear. Similarly, is the role of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3 +ve regulatory T (Treg) cells where literature data are conflicting. Our study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD L1 and FOXP3 in breast cancer, correlate them with clinicopathological parameters as well as evaluating their relation.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out on 136 breast cancer specimens. Only cases with proved pathological diagnosis of infiltrating duct carcinoma of no special type (NST) were included. Tissue microarray blocks were constructed and immunostained with the polyclonal antibody for PDL1 and monoclonal antibody for FOXP3.Results: Statistically significant correlation was found between high FOXP3 and nearly all adverse prognostic factors including; grade III tumors (p = .003), basal-like subtype(p = .001), high Ki67(p = .001), negative ER status(p = .001), negative PR(p = .028), HER2 expression(p = .04), advanced stage (p = .001), and LN metastases(p = .001). For PDL1, only statistically significant correlation with high Ki67 (p = .018) and advanced stage(p = .03) was found. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between PD L1 and FOXP3(p= .001). No statistically significant correlation was found between both PDL1 and FOXP3 in relation to disease-free survival (DFS) (p = .054). PDL1, age (≥ 50 years), nodal metastases were significant predictors of relapse in breast cancer.Conclusion: The current study supports PDL1 as a predictor of relapse in breast cancer. Additionally, it highlights the synergistic role between PDL1 and FOXP3 in breast cancer microenvironment. Each can be considered as a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer. This raises a concern about the benefit of breast cancer patients from blocking of PDL1 pathway.
{"title":"Potential prognostic value of PD-L1 and FOXP3 as predictors of relapse in breast cancer","authors":"R. Nagib, Sherine Refat, A. Eladl, Z. Emarah, K. Elnaghi","doi":"10.5430/jst.v9n2p38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/jst.v9n2p38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Expression of PD-L1 detected by immunohistochemistry can represent a new hope for cancer management. The role of PD L1 in breast cancer is still unclear. Similarly, is the role of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3 +ve regulatory T (Treg) cells where literature data are conflicting. Our study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD L1 and FOXP3 in breast cancer, correlate them with clinicopathological parameters as well as evaluating their relation.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out on 136 breast cancer specimens. Only cases with proved pathological diagnosis of infiltrating duct carcinoma of no special type (NST) were included. Tissue microarray blocks were constructed and immunostained with the polyclonal antibody for PDL1 and monoclonal antibody for FOXP3.Results: Statistically significant correlation was found between high FOXP3 and nearly all adverse prognostic factors including; grade III tumors (p = .003), basal-like subtype(p = .001), high Ki67(p = .001), negative ER status(p = .001), negative PR(p = .028), HER2 expression(p = .04), advanced stage (p = .001), and LN metastases(p = .001). For PDL1, only statistically significant correlation with high Ki67 (p = .018) and advanced stage(p = .03) was found. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between PD L1 and FOXP3(p= .001). No statistically significant correlation was found between both PDL1 and FOXP3 in relation to disease-free survival (DFS) (p = .054). PDL1, age (≥ 50 years), nodal metastases were significant predictors of relapse in breast cancer.Conclusion: The current study supports PDL1 as a predictor of relapse in breast cancer. Additionally, it highlights the synergistic role between PDL1 and FOXP3 in breast cancer microenvironment. Each can be considered as a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer. This raises a concern about the benefit of breast cancer patients from blocking of PDL1 pathway.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77757383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadja K. Falk, Swarnamala Ratnayaka, Andrew B. Sholl, K. Moroz, Tatyana Kalinicheva
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has two major types, classic (PTCC) and follicular variant (FVPTC), which correlate with molecular findings and have varying clinical implications. We assessed the cytologic findings and subsequent surgical pathology findings with the molecular mutations in these two groups, including microcarcinomas. Fourty-four patients with PTC resections over a one-year period were retrospectively examined in conjunction with previous cytologic diagnoses. BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter mutations for the resected specimens were analyzed. Correlation with previous cytology in regard to molecular mutations and tumor size (microcarcinoma) were made. Significantly more BRAF V600E mutations were seen with PTCC, whereas significantly more NRAS mutations were seen with FVPTC. TERT mutations were only seen with PTCC. Molecular studies for thyroid carcninomas are becoming increasingly more common and influence treatment and patient prognosis. BRAF and or TERT mutations are associated with a worse prognosis. NRAS mutations associated with FVPTC and may lead to milder cytologic changes compared to the BRAF- and TERT-driven PTCC.
{"title":"Cytologic, histologic and molecular findings of papillary thyroid carcinoma variants, one institution’s experience","authors":"Nadja K. Falk, Swarnamala Ratnayaka, Andrew B. Sholl, K. Moroz, Tatyana Kalinicheva","doi":"10.5430/JST.V9N2P32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JST.V9N2P32","url":null,"abstract":"Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has two major types, classic (PTCC) and follicular variant (FVPTC), which correlate with molecular findings and have varying clinical implications. We assessed the cytologic findings and subsequent surgical pathology findings with the molecular mutations in these two groups, including microcarcinomas. Fourty-four patients with PTC resections over a one-year period were retrospectively examined in conjunction with previous cytologic diagnoses. BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter mutations for the resected specimens were analyzed. Correlation with previous cytology in regard to molecular mutations and tumor size (microcarcinoma) were made. Significantly more BRAF V600E mutations were seen with PTCC, whereas significantly more NRAS mutations were seen with FVPTC. TERT mutations were only seen with PTCC. Molecular studies for thyroid carcninomas are becoming increasingly more common and influence treatment and patient prognosis. BRAF and or TERT mutations are associated with a worse prognosis. NRAS mutations associated with FVPTC and may lead to milder cytologic changes compared to the BRAF- and TERT-driven PTCC.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84229875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 65 year old gentleman was referred with symptoms of haematuria and haematospermia in association with an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). He was investigated with a flexible cystoscopy, Ultrasound scan and a computed tomography (CT) of his abdomen and pelvis. These failed to reveal any abnormality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System PIRADS 2 lesion in the left peripheral gland and PIRADS 3 lesion on the right side posterolaterally at the level of mid gland of the prostate. He went on to have Transrectal ultrasound biopsies of his prostate (TRUS Bx) that excluded any pathology. On follow up visits his PSA continued to rise and he underwent Template biopsies of the prostate. The histological features had no evidence of any Prostatic intraepithelial carcinoma (PIN) or other malignancies. Flexible cystoscopy was repeated due to his persistent haematospermia. This showed prominent papillary lesions over his verumontanum and prostatic urethra. Biopsies from these areas revealed Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (DACP). A subsequent staging MRI revealed unchanged appearance of the PIRADS2 nodule. There was however some low signal extending into the right seminal vesicle which is more pronounced than on the previous scan reported as PIRADS3. Subsequent mapping Template biopsies and Transurethral biopsies revealed a Gleason 4+4 DCAP. A staging CT and bone scan excluded any metastasis. He went on to receive an open radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection as a curative treatment for his locally advanced disease.
{"title":"Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an unusual case of a rare prostate cancer","authors":"Rayan El Hassan, J. Corr, R. Pillai","doi":"10.5430/JST.V9N2P28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JST.V9N2P28","url":null,"abstract":"A 65 year old gentleman was referred with symptoms of haematuria and haematospermia in association with an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA). He was investigated with a flexible cystoscopy, Ultrasound scan and a computed tomography (CT) of his abdomen and pelvis. These failed to reveal any abnormality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System PIRADS 2 lesion in the left peripheral gland and PIRADS 3 lesion on the right side posterolaterally at the level of mid gland of the prostate. He went on to have Transrectal ultrasound biopsies of his prostate (TRUS Bx) that excluded any pathology. On follow up visits his PSA continued to rise and he underwent Template biopsies of the prostate. The histological features had no evidence of any Prostatic intraepithelial carcinoma (PIN) or other malignancies. Flexible cystoscopy was repeated due to his persistent haematospermia. This showed prominent papillary lesions over his verumontanum and prostatic urethra. Biopsies from these areas revealed Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate (DACP). A subsequent staging MRI revealed unchanged appearance of the PIRADS2 nodule. There was however some low signal extending into the right seminal vesicle which is more pronounced than on the previous scan reported as PIRADS3. Subsequent mapping Template biopsies and Transurethral biopsies revealed a Gleason 4+4 DCAP. A staging CT and bone scan excluded any metastasis. He went on to receive an open radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection as a curative treatment for his locally advanced disease.","PeriodicalId":17174,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid Tumors","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78230313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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