Michael P. Nattrass, N. McGrew, Jesse I. Morrison, B. Baldwin
Abstract. Stormwater runoff raises concern over potential downstream impacts of selenium (Se) on aquatic ecosystems. Constructed wetland phytoremediation is a sustainable, inexpensive, eco-friendly technology with potential to remove Se from stormwater. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the bioavailability of Se chemical form and concentration on plant uptake and 2) determine the potential of aquatic macrophytes to improve water quality in a constructed wetland. The experiment was arranged as a 2 X 2 factorial nested within a split-split plot design replicated three times. Cattail (CT; Typha angustifolia L.), duckweed (DWD; Lemna minor L.), fanwort (CAB; Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray), soft rush (SR; Juncus effuses L.), muskgrass (MG; Chara spp.), and unplanted controls (UNP) were acclimatized 14 d in 115-L microcosms containing 0.035 m of Catalpa silty clay loam with 26 L of water supplemented with 0.1 N Hoagland’s solution. Selenium treatments were applied as a 4-L solution of either sodium selenite (SeO3 ) or sodium selenate (SeO4 ) to a total volume of 30 L at 0, 500, or 1000 μg Se L. Water samples were collected daily for six days. Plant and soil samples were collected prior to Se application and at three-day intervals post Se application. Water, plant, and soil samples were analyzed for total [Se] by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed with PROC GLM at α=0.05. After six days, CT and MG-planted microcosms significantly decreased aqueous [Se] by 75 and 74%, respectively, compared to 61% for UNP. The aqueous fraction of microcosms planted to CAB, DWD, and SR were similar to UNP controls. Plant tissue Se content in CT was significantly less than CAB, DWD, or MG, suggesting CT has the potential to volatilize Se. Given its abundance and efficacy, CT is likely a suitable species for Se removal in constructed wetlands supplied with either selenite or selenate-impacted waters. Additional
摘要雨水径流引起了人们对硒对水生生态系统潜在下游影响的关注。人工湿地植物修复是一种可持续、廉价、环保的技术，具有从雨水中去除硒的潜力。本研究的目的是:1)评估硒的化学形态和浓度对植物吸收的生物利用度;2)确定水生植物改善人工湿地水质的潜力。试验被安排为2 × 2因子嵌套在分裂-分裂地块设计中，重复三次。香蒲(CT;浮萍(DWD);小野菜(lena minor L.);卡彭巴卡罗莱纳A.格雷)，软rush (SR;Juncus effuses L.)，麝香草(MG;在含有0.035 m梓粉质粘土壤土、26 L水和0.1 N Hoagland’s溶液的115-L微环境中，对Chara spp.)和未种植对照(UNP)进行驯化14 d。硒处理采用4-L亚硒酸钠(SeO3)或硒酸钠(SeO4)溶液，在0、500或1000 μg硒浓度下，总体积为30 L。每天采集水样，持续6天。施硒前和施硒后每隔三天采集一次植物和土壤样品。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析水、植物和土壤样品的总硒含量。数据采用PROC GLM分析，α=0.05。6天后，CT和mg种植的微环境分别显著减少了75%和74%的水[Se]，而UNP则减少了61%。种植在CAB、DWD和SR上的微生物的水相组分与UNP对照组相似。CT处理的植物组织硒含量明显低于CAB、DWD和MG处理，表明CT具有挥发硒的潜力。鉴于其丰度和有效性，CT可能是在亚硒酸盐或受亚硒酸盐影响的水域中去除硒的合适物种。额外的
{"title":"PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SELENIUM-IMPACTED WATER BY AQUATIC MACROPHYTES","authors":"Michael P. Nattrass, N. McGrew, Jesse I. Morrison, B. Baldwin","doi":"10.21000/JASMR19010069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR19010069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Stormwater runoff raises concern over potential downstream impacts of selenium (Se) on aquatic ecosystems. Constructed wetland phytoremediation is a sustainable, inexpensive, eco-friendly technology with potential to remove Se from stormwater. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the bioavailability of Se chemical form and concentration on plant uptake and 2) determine the potential of aquatic macrophytes to improve water quality in a constructed wetland. The experiment was arranged as a 2 X 2 factorial nested within a split-split plot design replicated three times. Cattail (CT; Typha angustifolia L.), duckweed (DWD; Lemna minor L.), fanwort (CAB; Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray), soft rush (SR; Juncus effuses L.), muskgrass (MG; Chara spp.), and unplanted controls (UNP) were acclimatized 14 d in 115-L microcosms containing 0.035 m of Catalpa silty clay loam with 26 L of water supplemented with 0.1 N Hoagland’s solution. Selenium treatments were applied as a 4-L solution of either sodium selenite (SeO3 ) or sodium selenate (SeO4 ) to a total volume of 30 L at 0, 500, or 1000 μg Se L. Water samples were collected daily for six days. Plant and soil samples were collected prior to Se application and at three-day intervals post Se application. Water, plant, and soil samples were analyzed for total [Se] by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed with PROC GLM at α=0.05. After six days, CT and MG-planted microcosms significantly decreased aqueous [Se] by 75 and 74%, respectively, compared to 61% for UNP. The aqueous fraction of microcosms planted to CAB, DWD, and SR were similar to UNP controls. Plant tissue Se content in CT was significantly less than CAB, DWD, or MG, suggesting CT has the potential to volatilize Se. Given its abundance and efficacy, CT is likely a suitable species for Se removal in constructed wetlands supplied with either selenite or selenate-impacted waters. Additional","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89082440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SOIL STOCKPILE SEED VIABILITY DECLINES WITH DEPTH AND IS IMPACTED BY SURFACE VEGETATION","authors":"J. Buss, B. Pinno","doi":"10.21000/JASMR19010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR19010023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90056231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. J. Walker, Mining NewFields Companies, Missoula Mt Energy Services, D. Tooke, M. Wright, J. Hamilton, C. Schreier, Jonathon Peterson
Abstract: A bench study was designed to determine the efficacy of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for removing elevated Se in groundwater and seep water at the toe of overburden storage area at a phosphate mine in Idaho. The bench testing was considered a first step in the pre-design considerations for developing an engineering and geochemical strategy for long-term water treatment options at the site.
{"title":"A PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER (PRB) FOR THE REMOVAL AND IMMOBILZATION OF SELENIUM IN SEEP WATER AND SHALLOW GROUNDWATER AT A PHOSPHATE MINE IN SOUTHERN IDAHO: RESULTS OF BENCH SCALE TESTING","authors":"W. J. Walker, Mining NewFields Companies, Missoula Mt Energy Services, D. Tooke, M. Wright, J. Hamilton, C. Schreier, Jonathon Peterson","doi":"10.21000/JASMR18030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR18030020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A bench study was designed to determine the efficacy of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for removing elevated Se in groundwater and seep water at the toe of overburden storage area at a phosphate mine in Idaho. The bench testing was considered a first step in the pre-design considerations for developing an engineering and geochemical strategy for long-term water treatment options at the site.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83523592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary E. Kemak, Civil, G. Boardman, Jeffrey L. Parks, Catherine V. Grey
{"title":"REDUCTION OF SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY IN COAL MINE EFFLUENT USING MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Zachary E. Kemak, Civil, G. Boardman, Jeffrey L. Parks, Catherine V. Grey","doi":"10.21000/jasmr18010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr18010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS FOR MULTIPLE PURPOSES IN THE HUNTER VALLEY, AUSTRALIA","authors":"A. Webb, G. Kelly, N. Cameron","doi":"10.21000/JASMR18010045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR18010045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85688008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Selenium (Se), uranium (U), and nitrate (NO3) are widespread in many North American mining environments and related industrial waters. These contaminants are often particularly difficult or expensive to remove using conventional water treatment methods, such as chemical coagulation/precipitation, reverse osmosis filtration, ion exchange, etc. Treatment system capital and operating expenses combined with additional costs of sludge or concentrate stream disposal, are driving research and application of biotreatment methods for removal of these contaminants from mining and industrial wastewaters. This paper discusses application of the Electro-Biochemical Reactor (EBR) technology for Se, U, and NO3 bio-reduction and removal from mining wastewaters. Three case studies are presented, based on laboratory benchand onsite pilot-scale trials with significantly different mining waters (flotation-influenced base metals mine water, leach solution from a gold mine, and coal mine seepage water), each contaminated with varying concentrations of Se, U, and NO3. Average concentrations of these contaminants were 2,712 μg L Se, 2.0 μg L U, and 1.53 mg L NO3-N (Site A); 2.9 μg L -1 Se, 92.5 μg L U, and 189 mg L NO3-N (Site B); and 105 μg L Se, 18.4 μg L U, and 50 mg L NO3-N (Site C). The EBR technology was demonstrated on all three sites to treat the waters to <0.5 – 3.2 μg L Se, <0.1 – 0.8 μg L U, and <0.02 – <2 mg L NO3-N.
摘要:硒(Se)、铀(U)和硝酸盐(NO3)广泛存在于北美许多矿山环境和相关工业水体中。使用传统的水处理方法，如化学混凝/沉淀、反渗透过滤、离子交换等，去除这些污染物通常特别困难或昂贵。处理系统的资本和运营费用加上污泥或浓缩流处理的额外成本，正在推动生物处理方法的研究和应用，以从采矿和工业废水中去除这些污染物。探讨了电生化反应器(EBR)技术在矿山废水中硒、铀、硝态氮生物还原脱除中的应用。本文提出了三个案例研究，基于实验室台台和现场中试规模的试验，使用了不同的采矿水(受浮选影响的贱金属矿山水、金矿浸出液和煤矿渗水)，每种水都被不同浓度的Se、U和NO3污染。这些污染物的平均浓度分别为2,712 μg L Se、2.0 μg L U和1.53 mg L NO3-N(站点A);2.9 μg L -1 Se, 92.5 μg L U, 189 mg L NO3-N (Site B);结果表明，EBR技术在3个试验点均能处理Se <0.5 ~ 3.2 μg、U <0.1 ~ 0.8 μg、NO3-N <0.02 ~ 2 mg的水体。
{"title":"SELENIUM, URANIUM, AND NITRATE: TREATMENT OF TROUBLESOME CONTAMINANTS IN MINING WASTEWATERS – EBR CASE STUDIES","authors":"A. Opara, Jack Adams, Jane D. Fudyma, J. Bowden","doi":"10.21000/jasmr18020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr18020019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Selenium (Se), uranium (U), and nitrate (NO3) are widespread in many North American mining environments and related industrial waters. These contaminants are often particularly difficult or expensive to remove using conventional water treatment methods, such as chemical coagulation/precipitation, reverse osmosis filtration, ion exchange, etc. Treatment system capital and operating expenses combined with additional costs of sludge or concentrate stream disposal, are driving research and application of biotreatment methods for removal of these contaminants from mining and industrial wastewaters. This paper discusses application of the Electro-Biochemical Reactor (EBR) technology for Se, U, and NO3 bio-reduction and removal from mining wastewaters. Three case studies are presented, based on laboratory benchand onsite pilot-scale trials with significantly different mining waters (flotation-influenced base metals mine water, leach solution from a gold mine, and coal mine seepage water), each contaminated with varying concentrations of Se, U, and NO3. Average concentrations of these contaminants were 2,712 μg L Se, 2.0 μg L U, and 1.53 mg L NO3-N (Site A); 2.9 μg L -1 Se, 92.5 μg L U, and 189 mg L NO3-N (Site B); and 105 μg L Se, 18.4 μg L U, and 50 mg L NO3-N (Site C). The EBR technology was demonstrated on all three sites to treat the waters to <0.5 – 3.2 μg L Se, <0.1 – 0.8 μg L U, and <0.02 – <2 mg L NO3-N.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73825524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tyree, J. Larkin, S. Eggerud, P. Angel, Michael T. French, C. Barton
Abstract. The Flight 93 National Memorial is located in Somerset Co., near Shanksville, PA. The site was surfaced mined and much of the 890 ha of reclaimed land was re-contoured and seeded in the mid 1990’s. Starting in the spring 2012, the National Park Service, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, and others have worked to reforest sections of the total area using native woody trees and shrubs. Each spring for the past six years (2012-17) over 500 volunteers planted a new section, which we have defined as a “Phase,” of the National Memorial. The Flight 93 National Memorial Reforestation Project was established to evaluate reforestation success and provide data to drive future management decisions. Specifically, this work aims to: O1) Determine abundance and percent stocking for each of the 34 native, woody species planted across the six Phases; O2) evaluate growth of woody plants; and O3) describe level of competing vegetation across each phase. Two hundred and sixteen permanent, fixed radius plots were established randomly throughout the six planting phases with the goal to maintain a minimum target sampling intensity of 10%. Percent stocking, growth, and deer browse data were collected for all planted trees and shrubs within the sampling plots. Competition data was collected using 1 m rectangular sub-plots nested within whole-plot. Of the 102,393 trees and shrubs (1,792 trees ha) planted at The Flight 93 National Memorial we sampled a total of 8,673 individual trees and shrubs. Total percent stocking across all six planting Phases was 74.5% ranging from 40-121% within individual Phases, with natural regeneration driving stocking levels above 100% in one of the planting phases. Greatest plant growth was observed in the conifer species with white pine and pitch pine driving this pattern. Among the deciduous trees we observed the greatest growth among the early successional species such as quaking aspen and black locust. Overall, 88% of all plants showed no sign of deer browse, however, this rate is expected to increase as the plants emerge above the competing vegetation. Competing vegetation across all six planting phases was dominated by grasses, sedges, and herbaceous dicots and constitutes the largest limitation to woody plant establishment.
{"title":"FLIGHT 93 NATIONAL MEMORIAL REFORESTATION PROJECT: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF NATIVE WOODY PLANTS ESTABLISHED ON RECLAIMED MINELAND","authors":"M. Tyree, J. Larkin, S. Eggerud, P. Angel, Michael T. French, C. Barton","doi":"10.21000/jasmr18020035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr18020035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Flight 93 National Memorial is located in Somerset Co., near Shanksville, PA. The site was surfaced mined and much of the 890 ha of reclaimed land was re-contoured and seeded in the mid 1990’s. Starting in the spring 2012, the National Park Service, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, and others have worked to reforest sections of the total area using native woody trees and shrubs. Each spring for the past six years (2012-17) over 500 volunteers planted a new section, which we have defined as a “Phase,” of the National Memorial. The Flight 93 National Memorial Reforestation Project was established to evaluate reforestation success and provide data to drive future management decisions. Specifically, this work aims to: O1) Determine abundance and percent stocking for each of the 34 native, woody species planted across the six Phases; O2) evaluate growth of woody plants; and O3) describe level of competing vegetation across each phase. Two hundred and sixteen permanent, fixed radius plots were established randomly throughout the six planting phases with the goal to maintain a minimum target sampling intensity of 10%. Percent stocking, growth, and deer browse data were collected for all planted trees and shrubs within the sampling plots. Competition data was collected using 1 m rectangular sub-plots nested within whole-plot. Of the 102,393 trees and shrubs (1,792 trees ha) planted at The Flight 93 National Memorial we sampled a total of 8,673 individual trees and shrubs. Total percent stocking across all six planting Phases was 74.5% ranging from 40-121% within individual Phases, with natural regeneration driving stocking levels above 100% in one of the planting phases. Greatest plant growth was observed in the conifer species with white pine and pitch pine driving this pattern. Among the deciduous trees we observed the greatest growth among the early successional species such as quaking aspen and black locust. Overall, 88% of all plants showed no sign of deer browse, however, this rate is expected to increase as the plants emerge above the competing vegetation. Competing vegetation across all six planting phases was dominated by grasses, sedges, and herbaceous dicots and constitutes the largest limitation to woody plant establishment.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85791647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Zhang, N. Bugosh, T. Tesfa, M. McDonald, J. Kretzmann
{"title":"CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR HYDROLOGY-BASED GEOMORPHIC EVAPOTRANSPIRATION COVERS FOR RECLAMATION OF MINE LAND","authors":"Z. Zhang, N. Bugosh, T. Tesfa, M. McDonald, J. Kretzmann","doi":"10.21000/jasmr18020061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr18020061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88776258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Humphries, Dorchester Dt Rz Uk Blakemere Consultants Ltd, P. Close, R. J. Smallshaw
{"title":"The Selection and Operation of Earth Moving Equipment for the Rehabilitation of Functional Soil Profiles: An updating of the UK guidance","authors":"R. Humphries, Dorchester Dt Rz Uk Blakemere Consultants Ltd, P. Close, R. J. Smallshaw","doi":"10.21000/jasmr18020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/jasmr18020001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90160647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine V. Grey, G. Boardman, Jeffrey L. Parks, Zachary E. Kemak, Kristin Gunther
{"title":"SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE REDUCTION IN VALLEY FILL RUNOFF USING THE COST-EFFECTIVE SULFATE REMOVAL PROCESS","authors":"Catherine V. Grey, G. Boardman, Jeffrey L. Parks, Zachary E. Kemak, Kristin Gunther","doi":"10.21000/JASMR18010056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR18010056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84555867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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