{"title":"OSMRE/VISTAS AT WORK: BUILDING CAPACITY TO MEET CHALLENGES IN PRE-REGULATORY MINING AREAS","authors":"Sarah Meade, A. Showalter, Cody Zirkle","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"79 1","pages":"95-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81354183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josh Adams, Piper L. Roby, P. Sewell, Jeffrey Schwierjohann, Mark W. Gumbert, M. Brandenburg
The federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) is a concern for development projects in nearly half of the United States. The species roosts and rears young under exfoliating bark of trees, which has put it at risk for incurring adverse impacts from most projects that require tree clearing throughout its summer range. Project proponents generally incorporate avoidance and minimization strategies into the planning process. These strategies, however, are not always compatible with project goals and objectives, and mitigation is often required to offset adverse impacts to the Indiana bat. BrandenBark™ is an artificial roost structure that mimics the natural roosting habitat of Indiana bats. To date, 69 BrandenBark™ structures have been installed in 7 states (IL, KY, LA, OH, PA, TN and WV). Of these, 59 (86%) structures have been used by 6 species of bats, including northern long-eared bats (proposed for federal listing) and little brown bats (under status review); however, the majority of use (85%) has been by maternity colonies of Indiana bats confirmed by radio telemetry, capture, or genetic analysis of guano. Of the structures used by Indiana bats at Fort Knox Military Installation (n=21) in north-central Kentucky, 120 emergence counts have been conducted with an average of 81.3±7.1 bats per roost. Although the
{"title":"SUCCESS OF BRANDENBARK™, AN ARTIFICIAL ROOST STRUCTURE DESIGNED FOR USE BY INDIANA BATS (MYOTIS SODALIS) 1","authors":"Josh Adams, Piper L. Roby, P. Sewell, Jeffrey Schwierjohann, Mark W. Gumbert, M. Brandenburg","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010001","url":null,"abstract":"The federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) is a concern for development projects in nearly half of the United States. The species roosts and rears young under exfoliating bark of trees, which has put it at risk for incurring adverse impacts from most projects that require tree clearing throughout its summer range. Project proponents generally incorporate avoidance and minimization strategies into the planning process. These strategies, however, are not always compatible with project goals and objectives, and mitigation is often required to offset adverse impacts to the Indiana bat. BrandenBark™ is an artificial roost structure that mimics the natural roosting habitat of Indiana bats. To date, 69 BrandenBark™ structures have been installed in 7 states (IL, KY, LA, OH, PA, TN and WV). Of these, 59 (86%) structures have been used by 6 species of bats, including northern long-eared bats (proposed for federal listing) and little brown bats (under status review); however, the majority of use (85%) has been by maternity colonies of Indiana bats confirmed by radio telemetry, capture, or genetic analysis of guano. Of the structures used by Indiana bats at Fort Knox Military Installation (n=21) in north-central Kentucky, 120 emergence counts have been conducted with an average of 81.3±7.1 bats per roost. Although the","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79819039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: To evaluate the damage of land affected by disturbances in the course of construction. In 2011 our government abolished the regulations of land reclamation implemented in 1988 and introduced new regulations for land reclamation. The single-appropriate suitability evaluation of the new regulation has two influences: first, it offers the land oblige an opportunity that could legally pursue a high economic value but at the cost of sacrificing the environment. Therefore, this makes the scientifically based land reclamation plan confronted with the risk of multi-appropriate choices. Secondly, it provides an opportunity for reclamation obligor to diminish their reclamation responsibility easier and with less investment. Besides, there exists the possibility that choosing an unreasonable reclamation structure will lead to the need to re-reclaim these sites. As a result, land reclamation will face social, economic, and ecological risks. It is one of the choices of effectively avoiding the risk to do multi-appropriate evaluation. In this paper, we considered the ecological environment, economy, social characteristics of Mengziling Nangou Ultra-poor magnetite and screened evaluation factors. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of multi-appropriate results was made, and the optimization results were generated through establishing an evaluation index system, which not only can avoid the risk we mentioned above but is beneficial to supervision and administration.
{"title":"THE CURRENT POLICY AND PROBLEMS ABOUT LAND RECLAMATION OF CHINESE MAINLAND","authors":"Shuqin Zhao, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: To evaluate the damage of land affected by disturbances in the course of construction. In 2011 our government abolished the regulations of land reclamation implemented in 1988 and introduced new regulations for land reclamation. The single-appropriate suitability evaluation of the new regulation has two influences: first, it offers the land oblige an opportunity that could legally pursue a high economic value but at the cost of sacrificing the environment. Therefore, this makes the scientifically based land reclamation plan confronted with the risk of multi-appropriate choices. Secondly, it provides an opportunity for reclamation obligor to diminish their reclamation responsibility easier and with less investment. Besides, there exists the possibility that choosing an unreasonable reclamation structure will lead to the need to re-reclaim these sites. As a result, land reclamation will face social, economic, and ecological risks. It is one of the choices of effectively avoiding the risk to do multi-appropriate evaluation. In this paper, we considered the ecological environment, economy, social characteristics of Mengziling Nangou Ultra-poor magnetite and screened evaluation factors. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of multi-appropriate results was made, and the optimization results were generated through establishing an evaluation index system, which not only can avoid the risk we mentioned above but is beneficial to supervision and administration.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"183 1","pages":"114-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73315989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Michael, L. Hopkinson, N. DePriest, J. Quaranta
{"title":"Methodology for Applying Geomorphic Reclamation to Excess Spoil Fills in West Virginia","authors":"P. Michael, L. Hopkinson, N. DePriest, J. Quaranta","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"34 1","pages":"57-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74805783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The listing of the Monongahela River as an impaired waterway prompted the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to adjust aqueous discharge limits to the river to no more than 250 mg/L of sulfate. In response to this, an analysis of water treatment options for a coal mining company was conducted at several non-operating mines in western Pennsylvania that discharge directly or indirectly to the Monongahela River. Given the extremely high capital and operations costs for typical sulfate reduction methods such as reverse osmosis and ion exchange, novel passive and semi-passive treatment options were explored. An ethanol-fed bioreactor system was selected, designed, and constructed in 2014 to test whether sulfate reducing bacteria could be utilized to remove sulfate in alkaline mine water to meet discharge limits. The unique design elements consist of metals removal circuit, ethanol feed circuit, and twin bioreactors bedded with large cobbles and seeded with sulfate reducing bacteria, but containing no additional carbon source. Biochemical performance has shown that sulfate reduction approaches 1500 mmol SO4 m -3/ day during warmer weather, one of the highest rates recorded in the literature. Effluent sulfate ranged from 58 to 400 mg/L at 16oC and about 1400 mg/L at 2oC compared to influent sulfate concentrations that averaged 2800 mg/L. In addition, the bioreactor produced 500-1500 mg/L of total alkalinity due to microbial metabolism supported by the ethanol, typically corresponding with sulfate decreases. Effluent metal concentrations were decreased to 1 mg/L Fe and 0.2 mg/L Mn. The recirculation loop was found to remove 90% of iron in the original settling pond prior to entering the reactors to minimize sludge accumulation. Additional
{"title":"SULFATE REMOVAL FROM COAL MINE WATER IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA: REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS, DESIGN, AND PERFORMANCE","authors":"W. J. Walker, J. Montoy, Tyler Chatriand","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010073","url":null,"abstract":"The listing of the Monongahela River as an impaired waterway prompted the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to adjust aqueous discharge limits to the river to no more than 250 mg/L of sulfate. In response to this, an analysis of water treatment options for a coal mining company was conducted at several non-operating mines in western Pennsylvania that discharge directly or indirectly to the Monongahela River. Given the extremely high capital and operations costs for typical sulfate reduction methods such as reverse osmosis and ion exchange, novel passive and semi-passive treatment options were explored. An ethanol-fed bioreactor system was selected, designed, and constructed in 2014 to test whether sulfate reducing bacteria could be utilized to remove sulfate in alkaline mine water to meet discharge limits. The unique design elements consist of metals removal circuit, ethanol feed circuit, and twin bioreactors bedded with large cobbles and seeded with sulfate reducing bacteria, but containing no additional carbon source. Biochemical performance has shown that sulfate reduction approaches 1500 mmol SO4 m -3/ day during warmer weather, one of the highest rates recorded in the literature. Effluent sulfate ranged from 58 to 400 mg/L at 16oC and about 1400 mg/L at 2oC compared to influent sulfate concentrations that averaged 2800 mg/L. In addition, the bioreactor produced 500-1500 mg/L of total alkalinity due to microbial metabolism supported by the ethanol, typically corresponding with sulfate decreases. Effluent metal concentrations were decreased to 1 mg/L Fe and 0.2 mg/L Mn. The recirculation loop was found to remove 90% of iron in the original settling pond prior to entering the reactors to minimize sludge accumulation. Additional","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"42 1","pages":"73-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenise M. Bauman, C. Cochran, Julia I. Chapman, K. Gilland
American chestnut (Castanea dentata Marsh. Borkh.) is a once- dominant hardwood species with the potential to be a valuable restoration tree for use on surface mined lands in the Appalachian region. Coupling soil ripping and plowing and disking with plantings of American and backcrossed chestnuts has resulted in high seedling survival on a reclaimed surface mine site in southeast Ohio. The objective of this study was to evaluate flowering, chestnut bur production (seed), and natural cankers caused by chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) on three chestnut breeding lines, in three soil tillage treatments after seven field seasons. Pure American (Castanea dentata), and two types of C. dentata × C. mollissima hybrids (BC2F1 and BC3F1) were documented. Reproduction potential was measured via flower production in June. Canker incidence was recorded as necrotic bark lesions with the presence of orange spore bearing structures. When reproduction potential was compared among seed types, there were no differences; all chestnuts trees were flowering and producing chestnut burs after 7 seasons. Soil treatment had no impact on flowering incidence; however, hybrid breeding lines had a mild effect. Canker incidence and presence of flowers were not related statistically. When natural canker incidence was compared, pure American chestnut exhibited the most infection (P < 0.0001). There were also notable treatment effects, plots that applied the deep ripping had greater disease incidence on pure American chestnuts (P < 0.0001). Long-term survival and stand stability will depend on chestnut's tolerance to the blight at an age of fruiting and flowering. Results after seven years suggest that hybrids were exhibiting a decrease in blight incidence and were flowering and producing burs. Employing deep ripping methods to backcrossed American chestnut plantings provide a viable method for hardwood seedling establishment in soils impacted by surface mining.
{"title":"REPRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND NATURAL CANKER INFECTION ON BACKCROSSED CHESTNUT TREES 1","authors":"Jenise M. Bauman, C. Cochran, Julia I. Chapman, K. Gilland","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010016","url":null,"abstract":"American chestnut (Castanea dentata Marsh. Borkh.) is a once- dominant hardwood species with the potential to be a valuable restoration tree for use on surface mined lands in the Appalachian region. Coupling soil ripping and plowing and disking with plantings of American and backcrossed chestnuts has resulted in high seedling survival on a reclaimed surface mine site in southeast Ohio. The objective of this study was to evaluate flowering, chestnut bur production (seed), and natural cankers caused by chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) on three chestnut breeding lines, in three soil tillage treatments after seven field seasons. Pure American (Castanea dentata), and two types of C. dentata × C. mollissima hybrids (BC2F1 and BC3F1) were documented. Reproduction potential was measured via flower production in June. Canker incidence was recorded as necrotic bark lesions with the presence of orange spore bearing structures. When reproduction potential was compared among seed types, there were no differences; all chestnuts trees were flowering and producing chestnut burs after 7 seasons. Soil treatment had no impact on flowering incidence; however, hybrid breeding lines had a mild effect. Canker incidence and presence of flowers were not related statistically. When natural canker incidence was compared, pure American chestnut exhibited the most infection (P < 0.0001). There were also notable treatment effects, plots that applied the deep ripping had greater disease incidence on pure American chestnuts (P < 0.0001). Long-term survival and stand stability will depend on chestnut's tolerance to the blight at an age of fruiting and flowering. Results after seven years suggest that hybrids were exhibiting a decrease in blight incidence and were flowering and producing burs. Employing deep ripping methods to backcrossed American chestnut plantings provide a viable method for hardwood seedling establishment in soils impacted by surface mining.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"1 1","pages":"16-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89740032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COST SAVING AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCING MODIFICATIONS AT A LIME-BASED TREATMENT SYSTEM: RUSHTON TREATMENT PLANT CASE STUDY","authors":"J. Dietz, T. Gourley","doi":"10.21000/JASMR15010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR15010033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"17 1","pages":"33-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81450921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Restoration activities at the time of stand initiation can have lasting effects on subsequent recovery of stand structure and function. Here we compared several metrics, with an emphasis on soils, of structure and function in forest stands that had been planted with pine or remained unplanted, and had undergone primary succession over 48 years on mine spoils. These were also compared to reference sites in the adjacent forest, to test the hypothesis that the development of forest functional processes will differ between planted and unplanted sites. Areas planted to pine had a lower basal area, and lower soil and microbial respiration rates than did unplanted areas. Basal area of unplanted sites was comparable or higher than that of reference sites, suggesting that the natural succession of hardwood may lead to better long-term recovery than planting of pine. Differences in root biomass, along with corresponding differences in soil respiration, suggest that below-ground biomass production recovers more slowly than does above-ground productivity. Mined sites had a greater stock of phosphorus than did reference sites. The greater presence of earthworms on mined sites may speed up nutrient cycling, as indicated by faster cellulose decomposition. Additional keywords: carbon, mining, nitrogen, phosphorus, Pinus
{"title":"VEGETATION AND SOIL DEVELOPMENT IN PLANTED PINE AND NATURALLY REGENERATED HARDWOOD STANDS 48 YEARS AFTER MINING 1","authors":"J. Frouz, J. Franklin","doi":"10.21000/JASMR14020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR14020021","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration activities at the time of stand initiation can have lasting effects on subsequent recovery of stand structure and function. Here we compared several metrics, with an emphasis on soils, of structure and function in forest stands that had been planted with pine or remained unplanted, and had undergone primary succession over 48 years on mine spoils. These were also compared to reference sites in the adjacent forest, to test the hypothesis that the development of forest functional processes will differ between planted and unplanted sites. Areas planted to pine had a lower basal area, and lower soil and microbial respiration rates than did unplanted areas. Basal area of unplanted sites was comparable or higher than that of reference sites, suggesting that the natural succession of hardwood may lead to better long-term recovery than planting of pine. Differences in root biomass, along with corresponding differences in soil respiration, suggest that below-ground biomass production recovers more slowly than does above-ground productivity. Mined sites had a greater stock of phosphorus than did reference sites. The greater presence of earthworms on mined sites may speed up nutrient cycling, as indicated by faster cellulose decomposition. Additional keywords: carbon, mining, nitrogen, phosphorus, Pinus","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"44 1","pages":"21-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface mining for coal has contributed to wide-scale deforestation and forest fragmentation in the eastern United States. Over the last thirty years, mine reclamation practices involving heavy compaction and introduction of nonnative vegetation have produced large areas of reclaimed land, which exist in a state of arrested natural succession, termed legacy sites. These sites were reclaimed to standards of the day, which usually involved compaction of the surface material and seeding an aggressive ground cover to control erosion. These sites are typically dominated by non-native grasses and legumes (e.g., tall fescue and lespedeza) and are often colonized by invasive and undesirable woody shrubs (e.g., autumn olive). Interest in restoring native hardwood forest on these sites has grown over the past decade. The development of techniques to mitigate the unfavorable soil and vegetative conditions on these legacy sites is essential to forest restoration in Appalachia. In addition to representing a good opportunity for native hardwood reforestation in Appalachia, legacy sites present a unique opportunity to reintroduce improved blight resistant American chestnut across much of its native range. This study investigated the impacts of tree shelters and weed mats on the growth and survival of planted American chestnuts on legacy mine sites in eastern Kentucky. Shelters significantly reduced browse pressure from deer and therefore improved growth and survival in most instances. Weed mats did not significantly influence tree growth or survival and were unpredictable in their effect on herbaceous biomass. This study demonstrates that properly prepared legacy mine sites can support the establishment of improved American chestnuts.
{"title":"influence of Tree shelters and Weed Mats on Growth and Survival of Backcrossed Chestnut Seedlings on Legacy Minelands in Eastern Kentucky","authors":"K. Sena, H. Angel, C. Barton","doi":"10.21000/JASMR14020041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR14020041","url":null,"abstract":"Surface mining for coal has contributed to wide-scale deforestation and forest fragmentation in the eastern United States. Over the last thirty years, mine reclamation practices involving heavy compaction and introduction of nonnative vegetation have produced large areas of reclaimed land, which exist in a state of arrested natural succession, termed legacy sites. These sites were reclaimed to standards of the day, which usually involved compaction of the surface material and seeding an aggressive ground cover to control erosion. These sites are typically dominated by non-native grasses and legumes (e.g., tall fescue and lespedeza) and are often colonized by invasive and undesirable woody shrubs (e.g., autumn olive). Interest in restoring native hardwood forest on these sites has grown over the past decade. The development of techniques to mitigate the unfavorable soil and vegetative conditions on these legacy sites is essential to forest restoration in Appalachia. In addition to representing a good opportunity for native hardwood reforestation in Appalachia, legacy sites present a unique opportunity to reintroduce improved blight resistant American chestnut across much of its native range. This study investigated the impacts of tree shelters and weed mats on the growth and survival of planted American chestnuts on legacy mine sites in eastern Kentucky. Shelters significantly reduced browse pressure from deer and therefore improved growth and survival in most instances. Weed mats did not significantly influence tree growth or survival and were unpredictable in their effect on herbaceous biomass. This study demonstrates that properly prepared legacy mine sites can support the establishment of improved American chestnuts.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"83 1","pages":"41-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89853062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine whether inactive mine features on privately owned lands and lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Pima County, in southeastern Arizona (the study area), were being used by bats. External pre-screening surveys of 60 inactive mine features were completed in March 2012, and it was determined that 23 of these sites had the potential to provide roosts for bats. Passive external portal acoustic and visual surveys of these 23 features were completed using AnaBat acoustic detectors and infrared trail cameras from May through mid-October 2012. Acoustic survey data were analyzed, and 10 species of bats were identified. Bat species were acoustically detected at all 23 sites but were only visually detected at two sites. Acoustically, bat activity and species richness were highest in the spring and lowest in the fall. The two most common species, canyon bat (Parastrellus hesperus) and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), accounted for more than 50% of all the survey data. Ten sites accounted for more than 75% of all bat activity. Species richness was highest at two sites, with seven species detected at each site, and was lowest at two sites, where only one or two species were detected. Two species identified as species of concern under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) - western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) and Yuma myotis (M. yumanensis) - were acoustically detected at 15 and three sites, respectively. Two BLM-sensitive species (also identified as species of concern under the ESA) - Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) and cave myotis (M. velifer) - were acoustically detected at 10 sites (seven of which are on BLM lands) and seven sites (three of which are on BLM lands), respectively. Although no bats were detected in any photos or videos, when biologists visually monitored each site, bats occasionally were seen flying in the study area around sunset, but only one bat was seen exiting from an inactive mine site. Townsend's big-eared bats were observed roosting in two adits on BLM-administered lands during the fall. No major bat roosts or no threatened or endangered bat species (e.g., lesser long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae)) were detected through these surveys.
{"title":"BATS ASSOCIATED WITH INACTIVE MINE FEATURES IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA 1","authors":"A. D. Barclay","doi":"10.21000/JASMR14020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR14020001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether inactive mine features on privately owned lands and lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Pima County, in southeastern Arizona (the study area), were being used by bats. External pre-screening surveys of 60 inactive mine features were completed in March 2012, and it was determined that 23 of these sites had the potential to provide roosts for bats. Passive external portal acoustic and visual surveys of these 23 features were completed using AnaBat acoustic detectors and infrared trail cameras from May through mid-October 2012. Acoustic survey data were analyzed, and 10 species of bats were identified. Bat species were acoustically detected at all 23 sites but were only visually detected at two sites. Acoustically, bat activity and species richness were highest in the spring and lowest in the fall. The two most common species, canyon bat (Parastrellus hesperus) and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), accounted for more than 50% of all the survey data. Ten sites accounted for more than 75% of all bat activity. Species richness was highest at two sites, with seven species detected at each site, and was lowest at two sites, where only one or two species were detected. Two species identified as species of concern under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) - western small-footed myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum) and Yuma myotis (M. yumanensis) - were acoustically detected at 15 and three sites, respectively. Two BLM-sensitive species (also identified as species of concern under the ESA) - Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) and cave myotis (M. velifer) - were acoustically detected at 10 sites (seven of which are on BLM lands) and seven sites (three of which are on BLM lands), respectively. Although no bats were detected in any photos or videos, when biologists visually monitored each site, bats occasionally were seen flying in the study area around sunset, but only one bat was seen exiting from an inactive mine site. Townsend's big-eared bats were observed roosting in two adits on BLM-administered lands during the fall. No major bat roosts or no threatened or endangered bat species (e.g., lesser long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae)) were detected through these surveys.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74571763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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