M. Matsunaga, Y. Kataoka, H. Matsunaga, A. Ishikawa, Masahiko Kobayashi, M. Kiguchi
This study investigated a new heat treatment process using supercritical carbon dioxide. Specimens were prepared from sugi heartwood. The specimens conditioned at three different moisture contents (0%, 11%, and 17%), were heated in supercritical carbon dioxide. As a result, weight loss and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) increased with increasing treatment temperature and specimen moisture content. The maximum ASE of the heat-treated specimens reached approximately 70%. In contrast, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) decreased with increasing treatment temperature and specimen moisture content. The results suggest that higher treatment temperature and moisture content may accelerate the thermolysis of wood components, especially hemicellulose, leading to a decrease in adsorption sites. It was also found that the wood specimens heat-treated in supercritical carbon dioxide have higher dimensional stability compared with those prepared by other conventional heat-treatment processes. In the case of heat-treatment under high pressure, it is thought that the water molecules in the specimen might be given high reactivity to accelerate the thermolysis of wood components.
{"title":"Evaluation of Heat-treated Wood Produced in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide","authors":"M. Matsunaga, Y. Kataoka, H. Matsunaga, A. Ishikawa, Masahiko Kobayashi, M. Kiguchi","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated a new heat treatment process using supercritical carbon dioxide. Specimens were prepared from sugi heartwood. The specimens conditioned at three different moisture contents (0%, 11%, and 17%), were heated in supercritical carbon dioxide. As a result, weight loss and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) increased with increasing treatment temperature and specimen moisture content. The maximum ASE of the heat-treated specimens reached approximately 70%. In contrast, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) decreased with increasing treatment temperature and specimen moisture content. The results suggest that higher treatment temperature and moisture content may accelerate the thermolysis of wood components, especially hemicellulose, leading to a decrease in adsorption sites. It was also found that the wood specimens heat-treated in supercritical carbon dioxide have higher dimensional stability compared with those prepared by other conventional heat-treatment processes. In the case of heat-treatment under high pressure, it is thought that the water molecules in the specimen might be given high reactivity to accelerate the thermolysis of wood components.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76982071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bond Qualities and Test Methods of Wood Adhesives for Structural Wood-based Materials","authors":"S. Tohmura","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82316279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is believed that acoustic quality and stability of wood are improved during long term ageing. However, it has recently been suggested that a part of those ageing effects are recovered by moistening at high humidity. Similar temporary effects have been recognized when wood is heated at high temperatures in the presence of moisture. Those temporary changes are speculated to be due to the physical ageing of amorphous wood polymers involving the temporary closure of micropores in the wood cell wall. For appropriate conservation of old wooden musical instruments and cultural properties, the recovery of physical properties due to moistening in humid condition should be taken into consideration. In addition, the temporary effect of heating should be eliminated for precise evaluation of the practical performances of heat-treated wood. This paper describes the reversible and irreversible changes in wood properties relevant to the practical quality of wooden crafts and musical instruments due to natural ageing and heat treatment.
{"title":"Hygroscopicity and Vibrational Properties of Aged and Heat-treated Wood","authors":"Nanami Zeniya, E. Obataya, M. Matsuo","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.250","url":null,"abstract":"It is believed that acoustic quality and stability of wood are improved during long term ageing. However, it has recently been suggested that a part of those ageing effects are recovered by moistening at high humidity. Similar temporary effects have been recognized when wood is heated at high temperatures in the presence of moisture. Those temporary changes are speculated to be due to the physical ageing of amorphous wood polymers involving the temporary closure of micropores in the wood cell wall. For appropriate conservation of old wooden musical instruments and cultural properties, the recovery of physical properties due to moistening in humid condition should be taken into consideration. In addition, the temporary effect of heating should be eliminated for precise evaluation of the practical performances of heat-treated wood. This paper describes the reversible and irreversible changes in wood properties relevant to the practical quality of wooden crafts and musical instruments due to natural ageing and heat treatment.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90684267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wood Identification Research and Its Importance","authors":"H. Abe","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85594292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naoyuki Furuta, Y. Hirabayashi, J. Miyazaki, Y. Ohashi
We investigated the relationship between quality of veneers of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and their radial locations in logs. In addition, we investigated the effect of pruning on veneer quality. There was a positive correlation between the moduli of elasticity of logs determined by the longitudinal vibration method and those of veneers determined by the ultrasonic velocity method. The moduli of elasticity of veneers increased with the distance from the center of the veneer lathe spindle. This tendency was marked for pruned logs. When we separated juvenile from mature veneers at 15 annual rings from the pith, the average modulus of elasticity of mature veneers was 60% higher than that of juvenile veneers. The ratio of mature veneers rapidly increased when the veneers were cut outside of 10 cm from the center of the spindle, which indicated that high-strength veneers could be obtained by separating the veneers at this distance. In pruned logs, there were almost no knots in veneers cut from more than 12 cm from the center of the spindle indicating that veneer quality was improved by pruning.
{"title":"Variation in Veneer Properties with the Radial Direction in Logs and Effect of Pruning on Japanese Larch ( Larix kaempferi ) Planted in Hokkaido","authors":"Naoyuki Furuta, Y. Hirabayashi, J. Miyazaki, Y. Ohashi","doi":"10.2488/jwrs.62.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.62.163","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the relationship between quality of veneers of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) and their radial locations in logs. In addition, we investigated the effect of pruning on veneer quality. There was a positive correlation between the moduli of elasticity of logs determined by the longitudinal vibration method and those of veneers determined by the ultrasonic velocity method. The moduli of elasticity of veneers increased with the distance from the center of the veneer lathe spindle. This tendency was marked for pruned logs. When we separated juvenile from mature veneers at 15 annual rings from the pith, the average modulus of elasticity of mature veneers was 60% higher than that of juvenile veneers. The ratio of mature veneers rapidly increased when the veneers were cut outside of 10 cm from the center of the spindle, which indicated that high-strength veneers could be obtained by separating the veneers at this distance. In pruned logs, there were almost no knots in veneers cut from more than 12 cm from the center of the spindle indicating that veneer quality was improved by pruning.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84941904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryuya Takanashi, Shinya Shirakawa, Atsushi Nakajima, Y. Ohashi, T. Hirai
A practical method was proposed for determining optimum cross sections of green Japanese larch timber with pith to improve the yield of products taking account of twist, crook, and bow caused by the drying process. Green Japanese larch square-sawn timber was dried to target moisture contests of 10% and 20%. The required cross-sectional dimensions of this timber were 105 mm×105 mm after drying and reshaping. Resultant twist, crook, and bow were measured. The optimum cross-sectional size of green square-sawn timber was calculated based on the data above. The calculated optimum size of green timber was affected by twist clearly more than by crook and bow for both target moisture contents. The theoretical cross-sectional size of green timber that maximized volume yield was 123.9 mm for specimens with target moisture content of 10% and 118.8 mm for specimens with target moisture content of 20%. When the cross-sectional sizes of green timber were these values, 98% of the total products met the required sizes.
{"title":"Optimum Cross Sections of Green Square-sawn Japanese Larch Timber with Pith Allowing for Reshaping Warped Cross Sections after Kiln Drying","authors":"Ryuya Takanashi, Shinya Shirakawa, Atsushi Nakajima, Y. Ohashi, T. Hirai","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.190","url":null,"abstract":"A practical method was proposed for determining optimum cross sections of green Japanese larch timber with pith to improve the yield of products taking account of twist, crook, and bow caused by the drying process. Green Japanese larch square-sawn timber was dried to target moisture contests of 10% and 20%. The required cross-sectional dimensions of this timber were 105 mm×105 mm after drying and reshaping. Resultant twist, crook, and bow were measured. The optimum cross-sectional size of green square-sawn timber was calculated based on the data above. The calculated optimum size of green timber was affected by twist clearly more than by crook and bow for both target moisture contents. The theoretical cross-sectional size of green timber that maximized volume yield was 123.9 mm for specimens with target moisture content of 10% and 118.8 mm for specimens with target moisture content of 20%. When the cross-sectional sizes of green timber were these values, 98% of the total products met the required sizes.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82490713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the purpose of effectively utilizing low quality logs of short length, 24 mm-thick, 9-layer 9-ply plywood was produced with longitudinal scarf joint at the center of the strong-axis veneer. The effects of lamination number and arrangement of the veneer-joints on mechanical properties are discussed. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) was used for the veneer and hot-melt adhesive was used for longitudinal joints. A tendency for lowered bond quality was observed with increasing number of veneers with a longitudinal joint. Bending performance of specimens with longitudinal joints in face and back layers decreased significantly. The performance of plywood without longitudinal joints in face and back layers did not show a significant decrease and met the requirements of the JAS standard for structural plywood. The efficiency of veneer joints was calculated with parallel-ply theory. The efficiency for the layup where all strong-axis veneers were jointed showed the lowest values ; 60% for bending stiffness and 35% for bending strength. From the above findings, it was concluded that thick plywood with longitudinally jointed veneer can have practicable bending performance, if the longitudinal joints of veneer are restricted to the inner layers.
为了有效地利用低质量的短原木，制作了24毫米厚的9层9层胶合板，在强轴贴面的中心采用纵向围巾接缝。讨论了层数和贴面接缝排列对力学性能的影响。贴面采用杉木(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)，纵向接缝采用热熔胶。随着纵向接缝贴面数量的增加，粘结质量有降低的趋势。面、后两层纵缝试件的抗弯性能明显下降。正面和背面无纵向接缝的胶合板性能没有明显下降，符合JAS结构胶合板标准要求。采用平行铺层理论计算了单板接缝的效率。所有强轴贴面拼接的铺层效率最低;抗弯刚度60%，抗弯强度35%。综上所述，当单板的纵向接缝仅限于内层时，具有纵向接缝的厚胶合板具有切实可行的抗弯性能。
{"title":"The Effect of Scarf-jointed Veneer on Mechanical Performance of Thick Plywood","authors":"T. Shibusawa, Junji Toda, N. Tanikawa","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.73","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of effectively utilizing low quality logs of short length, 24 mm-thick, 9-layer 9-ply plywood was produced with longitudinal scarf joint at the center of the strong-axis veneer. The effects of lamination number and arrangement of the veneer-joints on mechanical properties are discussed. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) was used for the veneer and hot-melt adhesive was used for longitudinal joints. A tendency for lowered bond quality was observed with increasing number of veneers with a longitudinal joint. Bending performance of specimens with longitudinal joints in face and back layers decreased significantly. The performance of plywood without longitudinal joints in face and back layers did not show a significant decrease and met the requirements of the JAS standard for structural plywood. The efficiency of veneer joints was calculated with parallel-ply theory. The efficiency for the layup where all strong-axis veneers were jointed showed the lowest values ; 60% for bending stiffness and 35% for bending strength. From the above findings, it was concluded that thick plywood with longitudinally jointed veneer can have practicable bending performance, if the longitudinal joints of veneer are restricted to the inner layers.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90731766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the purpose of evaluating visual preferences for 50 Japanese wood species, the interval scale value of visual preferences by subjects whose age ranges from 19 to 30 years was determined by using a paired comparison method. Correlation analysis between the color attributes of each wood image and the interval scale values of preference showed that the preference had a strong positive correlation with the “coefficient of variation of R values in the RGB” and the “minimum value of R-value”, and a strong negative correlation with the “coefficient of variation of R value”. These results suggest that wood species which have strong redness with warm colors and wood grain that is not clear are visually preferred.
{"title":"Evaluation of Visual Preferences of 50 Japanese Wood Species Using Digital Images","authors":"S. Shida, Kei Maeda, Shintarō Namioka","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.301","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of evaluating visual preferences for 50 Japanese wood species, the interval scale value of visual preferences by subjects whose age ranges from 19 to 30 years was determined by using a paired comparison method. Correlation analysis between the color attributes of each wood image and the interval scale values of preference showed that the preference had a strong positive correlation with the “coefficient of variation of R values in the RGB” and the “minimum value of R-value”, and a strong negative correlation with the “coefficient of variation of R value”. These results suggest that wood species which have strong redness with warm colors and wood grain that is not clear are visually preferred.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88811556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the visual influence of wood used in workplace interiors through a quantitative analysis of textual data obtained by interviews using photographs of workplace interiors. Twenty photographs of workplace interiors were presented to each participant, who was requested to divide them into groups on the basis of similar impressions. Subsequently, the participant was asked his or her impression of the companies in each group and the reason for such an impression. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis was conducted on the grouped photographs and corresponding answers. Although the participants had not been informed that the photographs were of “wood interiors” and “non-wood interiors,” the photographs were divided into “wood interior” and “non-wood interior” ones in two-dimensional space, and also the “wood interior” ones were placed around the word “wood.” The words “warm,” “comfortable,” “calm,” “bright” and “friendly,” which are related to a good workplace environment and good impressions of companies and workers, were also placed around the word “wood.” This suggested that wood used in workplace interiors would have a favorable effect on the people there.
{"title":"Visual Influence of Wood Used in Workplace Interiors: Multidimensional scaling analysis by individual interviews@@@聞き取り調査の多次元尺度構成法による解析","authors":"S. Sueyoshi, T. Morikawa","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.62.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.62.311","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the visual influence of wood used in workplace interiors through a quantitative analysis of textual data obtained by interviews using photographs of workplace interiors. Twenty photographs of workplace interiors were presented to each participant, who was requested to divide them into groups on the basis of similar impressions. Subsequently, the participant was asked his or her impression of the companies in each group and the reason for such an impression. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis was conducted on the grouped photographs and corresponding answers. Although the participants had not been informed that the photographs were of “wood interiors” and “non-wood interiors,” the photographs were divided into “wood interior” and “non-wood interior” ones in two-dimensional space, and also the “wood interior” ones were placed around the word “wood.” The words “warm,” “comfortable,” “calm,” “bright” and “friendly,” which are related to a good workplace environment and good impressions of companies and workers, were also placed around the word “wood.” This suggested that wood used in workplace interiors would have a favorable effect on the people there.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82194073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaoru Yamagishi-Nishikiori, K. S. Katsumata, T. Yokoyama, Y. Matsumoto
Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) wood meal was subjected to pyrolysis by the use of a tubetype kiln at 350 or 600°C. Pyrolysates were separated into pyrolysis residue, condensates (liquid phase pyrolysates) which included those obtained by cooling gas phase pyrolysates to -4°C, and the remainder (gas phase pyrolysates). The weight yield of condensates varied from 30 to 50%, and that of pyrolysis residue from 20 to 50% depending on the pyrolysis temperature. In the condensates, 18 identified compounds could be identified by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), and each compound was determined by GC. Detailed evaluation was made for the pyrolysis conducted by raising the temperature to 600°C. The 18 identified compounds accounted for only about 10% of the condensates. Determination of water in the condensates by H-NMR suggested that 60% of the condensates was water and, thus, 40% was organic substances. Therefore, the 18 identified compounds accounted for 25% of the organic compounds in the condensates. Yield of each fraction was also evaluated based on the carbon content. Organic carbon in the pyrolysis residue and the condensates accounted for 60% and 20%, respectively, of the carbon originally present in the wood meal. Therefore, the remaining 20% was produced as gas. The carbon of the 18 identified compounds accounted for 8% of the carbon of the wood meal, and 40% of the condensate.
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Pyrolysis Products of Wood Material I.: Pyrolysis of Japanese red pine wood meal by a tube-type kiln@@@アカマツ木粉の管状炉による熱分解","authors":"Kaoru Yamagishi-Nishikiori, K. S. Katsumata, T. Yokoyama, Y. Matsumoto","doi":"10.2488/JWRS.61.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2488/JWRS.61.316","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) wood meal was subjected to pyrolysis by the use of a tubetype kiln at 350 or 600°C. Pyrolysates were separated into pyrolysis residue, condensates (liquid phase pyrolysates) which included those obtained by cooling gas phase pyrolysates to -4°C, and the remainder (gas phase pyrolysates). The weight yield of condensates varied from 30 to 50%, and that of pyrolysis residue from 20 to 50% depending on the pyrolysis temperature. In the condensates, 18 identified compounds could be identified by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), and each compound was determined by GC. Detailed evaluation was made for the pyrolysis conducted by raising the temperature to 600°C. The 18 identified compounds accounted for only about 10% of the condensates. Determination of water in the condensates by H-NMR suggested that 60% of the condensates was water and, thus, 40% was organic substances. Therefore, the 18 identified compounds accounted for 25% of the organic compounds in the condensates. Yield of each fraction was also evaluated based on the carbon content. Organic carbon in the pyrolysis residue and the condensates accounted for 60% and 20%, respectively, of the carbon originally present in the wood meal. Therefore, the remaining 20% was produced as gas. The carbon of the 18 identified compounds accounted for 8% of the carbon of the wood meal, and 40% of the condensate.","PeriodicalId":17248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77745256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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