Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1177/01410768241233109
Zara Kayani, Andrew Willis, Shukrat O Salisu-Olatunji, Shavez Jeffers, Kamlesh Khunti, Ash Routen
ObjectivesGlobally, there is a growing number of people who are living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs). Due to complex management needs, it is imperative that research consists of participants who may benefit most from interventions. It is well documented that ethnic minority groups and lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups are at an increased risk of developing MLTCs. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to determine the level of reporting and representation of underserved groups (ethnic minority and low SES) in intervention studies addressing MLTCs.DesignSystematic review. Four databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for intervention studies from North America or Europe published between January 1990 and July 2023.SettingHospital and community-based interventions. We included interventional studies focusing on improving MLTC-related outcomes.ParticipantsPatients with MLTCs.Main outcome measuresTotal number of studies reporting on ethnicity and SES. Number and proportion of studies reporting by ethnic/SES group.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Only 4 of 13 studies (31%) recorded and reported ethnicity information. Of these four studies that reported on ethnicity, three studies consisted of primarily White participants. Ethnic minority groups were underrepresented, but one study included a majority of African American participants. Moreover, 12 of 13 studies (92%) reported on SES with income and educational level being the primary measures used. SES representation of higher deprivation groups was varied due to limited data.ConclusionsFor ethnicity, there was a lack of reporting, and ethnic minority groups were underrepresented in intervention studies. For SES, there was a high level of reporting but the proportion of study samples from across the spectrum of SES varied due to the variety of SES measures used. Findings highlight a need to improve the reporting and representation of ethnic minority groups and provide more detailed information for SES through using consistent measures (e.g. education, income and employment) to accurately determine the distribution of SES groups in intervention studies of people with MLTCs.
{"title":"Reporting and representation of underserved groups in intervention studies for patients with multiple long-term conditions: a systematic review","authors":"Zara Kayani, Andrew Willis, Shukrat O Salisu-Olatunji, Shavez Jeffers, Kamlesh Khunti, Ash Routen","doi":"10.1177/01410768241233109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241233109","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesGlobally, there is a growing number of people who are living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs). Due to complex management needs, it is imperative that research consists of participants who may benefit most from interventions. It is well documented that ethnic minority groups and lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups are at an increased risk of developing MLTCs. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to determine the level of reporting and representation of underserved groups (ethnic minority and low SES) in intervention studies addressing MLTCs.DesignSystematic review. Four databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for intervention studies from North America or Europe published between January 1990 and July 2023.SettingHospital and community-based interventions. We included interventional studies focusing on improving MLTC-related outcomes.ParticipantsPatients with MLTCs.Main outcome measuresTotal number of studies reporting on ethnicity and SES. Number and proportion of studies reporting by ethnic/SES group.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Only 4 of 13 studies (31%) recorded and reported ethnicity information. Of these four studies that reported on ethnicity, three studies consisted of primarily White participants. Ethnic minority groups were underrepresented, but one study included a majority of African American participants. Moreover, 12 of 13 studies (92%) reported on SES with income and educational level being the primary measures used. SES representation of higher deprivation groups was varied due to limited data.ConclusionsFor ethnicity, there was a lack of reporting, and ethnic minority groups were underrepresented in intervention studies. For SES, there was a high level of reporting but the proportion of study samples from across the spectrum of SES varied due to the variety of SES measures used. Findings highlight a need to improve the reporting and representation of ethnic minority groups and provide more detailed information for SES through using consistent measures (e.g. education, income and employment) to accurately determine the distribution of SES groups in intervention studies of people with MLTCs.","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/01410768241236677
Ulrich Tröhler
{"title":"Adolf Bingel (1879–1953), a member of the last generation of general internal physicians in Germany","authors":"Ulrich Tröhler","doi":"10.1177/01410768241236677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241236677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/01410768241236681
Ulrich Tröhler
{"title":"Johann Friedrich de Quervain (1868–1940): Swiss surgical innovator","authors":"Ulrich Tröhler","doi":"10.1177/01410768241236681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241236681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1177/01410768241255033
{"title":"For more events and to book online, please visit www.rsm.ac.uk/events.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01410768241255033","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01410768241255033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1177/01410768241230773
Dinesh Bhugra
{"title":"Characteristics of a good doctor.","authors":"Dinesh Bhugra","doi":"10.1177/01410768241230773","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01410768241230773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/01410768231205430
Ruby Sm Tsang, Utkarsh Agrawal, Mark Joy, Rachel Byford, Chris Robertson, Sneha N Anand, William Hinton, Nikhil Mayor, Debasish Kar, John Williams, William Victor, Ashley Akbari, Declan T Bradley, Siobhan Murphy, Dermot O'Reilly, Rhiannon K Owen, Antony Chuter, Jillian Beggs, Gary Howsam, Aziz Sheikh, F D Richard Hobbs, Simon de Lusignan
Objectives: To estimate the incidence of adverse events of interest (AEIs) after receiving their first and second doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, and to report the safety profile differences between the different COVID-19 vaccines.
Design: We used a self-controlled case series design to estimate the relative incidence (RI) of AEIs reported to the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners national sentinel network. We compared the AEIs that occurred seven days before and after receiving the COVID-19 vaccinations to background levels between 1 October 2020 and 12 September 2021.
Setting: England, UK.
Participants: Individuals experiencing AEIs after receiving first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines.
Main outcome measures: AEIs determined based on events reported in clinical trials and in primary care during post-license surveillance.
Results: A total of 7,952,861 individuals were vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines within the study period. Among them, 781,200 individuals (9.82%) presented to general practice with 1,482,273 AEIs. Within the first seven days post-vaccination, 4.85% of all the AEIs were reported. There was a 3-7% decrease in the overall RI of AEIs in the seven days after receiving both doses of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (RI = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.94) and 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-0.98), respectively) and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 (RI = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.98) for both doses), but a 20% increase after receiving the first dose of Moderna mRNA-1273 (RI = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00-1.44)).
Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a small decrease in the incidence of medically attended AEIs. Sentinel networks could routinely report common AEI rates, which could contribute to reporting vaccine safety.
{"title":"Adverse events after first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccination in England: a national vaccine surveillance platform self-controlled case series study.","authors":"Ruby Sm Tsang, Utkarsh Agrawal, Mark Joy, Rachel Byford, Chris Robertson, Sneha N Anand, William Hinton, Nikhil Mayor, Debasish Kar, John Williams, William Victor, Ashley Akbari, Declan T Bradley, Siobhan Murphy, Dermot O'Reilly, Rhiannon K Owen, Antony Chuter, Jillian Beggs, Gary Howsam, Aziz Sheikh, F D Richard Hobbs, Simon de Lusignan","doi":"10.1177/01410768231205430","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01410768231205430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the incidence of adverse events of interest (AEIs) after receiving their first and second doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, and to report the safety profile differences between the different COVID-19 vaccines.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We used a self-controlled case series design to estimate the relative incidence (RI) of AEIs reported to the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners national sentinel network. We compared the AEIs that occurred seven days before and after receiving the COVID-19 vaccinations to background levels between 1 October 2020 and 12 September 2021.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>England, UK.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Individuals experiencing AEIs after receiving first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>AEIs determined based on events reported in clinical trials and in primary care during post-license surveillance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,952,861 individuals were vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines within the study period. Among them, 781,200 individuals (9.82%) presented to general practice with 1,482,273 AEIs. Within the first seven days post-vaccination, 4.85% of all the AEIs were reported. There was a 3-7% decrease in the overall RI of AEIs in the seven days after receiving both doses of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (RI = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.94) and 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-0.98), respectively) and Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 (RI = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.98) for both doses), but a 20% increase after receiving the first dose of Moderna mRNA-1273 (RI = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00-1.44)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a small decrease in the incidence of medically attended AEIs. Sentinel networks could routinely report common AEI rates, which could contribute to reporting vaccine safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1177/01410768241255015
Kamran Abbasi
{"title":"Why are medicine's leaders missing in action?","authors":"Kamran Abbasi","doi":"10.1177/01410768241255015","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01410768241255015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/01410768241240289
{"title":"From JRSM Open","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01410768241240289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241240289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140125598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/01410768241240291
{"title":"Death Notices","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01410768241240291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768241240291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140125604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/01410768241237108
Martin Deahl
{"title":"Are we selecting the right medical students?","authors":"Martin Deahl","doi":"10.1177/01410768241237108","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01410768241237108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11046367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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