Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids最新文献

Inflation of a polydomain nematic elastomeric membrane 多域向列弹性膜的膨胀

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106075

Lingrui Zhu, Mengqi He, Baihong Chen, Jin Qian, Rui Xiao

The directors are randomly distributed in polydomain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which can be rearranged upon external loading. This can further lead to a polydomain-monodomain transition, accompanied by a change from an opaque state to a fully transparent state. Currently, the mechanical response and the related phase transition in polydomain LCEs are typically characterized in uniaxial loading conditions. In this work, we employ inflation tests to investigate the complex behaviors of polydomain LCEs under biaxial stress states. Three types of polydomain LCEs were synthesized. The uniaxial tension tests show that the stress–strain curves for all LCEs exhibit a soft stress plateau, followed by a pronounced stress increase with deformation. However, the hardening modulus and the failure stretch ratio differ considerably, leading to distinct responses during inflation processes. For the softest LCEs, a clear snap-through type behavior is observed, while the membrane of the stiffest LCEs fails before reaching the peak pressure value. For the moderately stiff LCEs, the pressure first increases, then reaches a plateau region, and shows a significant increase again. It is further observed that the polydomain-monodomain transition initiates in the bottom part of the membrane balloon and transits to the whole region. For the theoretical aspects, the constitutive relationship of polydomain LCEs is developed through introducing the state variables into the free energy. A numerical model is further constructed to simulate the boundary value problem of inflation tests. The model together with parameters calibrated from the uniaxial tension tests is able to fully capture the response in inflation tests. We also show that the classic hyperelastic models fail to capture the inflation behaviors of polydomain LCE membranes.

{"title":"Inflation of a polydomain nematic elastomeric membrane","authors":"Lingrui Zhu, Mengqi He, Baihong Chen, Jin Qian, Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The directors are randomly distributed in polydomain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which can be rearranged upon external loading. This can further lead to a polydomain-monodomain transition, accompanied by a change from an opaque state to a fully transparent state. Currently, the mechanical response and the related phase transition in polydomain LCEs are typically characterized in uniaxial loading conditions. In this work, we employ inflation tests to investigate the complex behaviors of polydomain LCEs under biaxial stress states. Three types of polydomain LCEs were synthesized. The uniaxial tension tests show that the stress–strain curves for all LCEs exhibit a soft stress plateau, followed by a pronounced stress increase with deformation. However, the hardening modulus and the failure stretch ratio differ considerably, leading to distinct responses during inflation processes. For the softest LCEs, a clear snap-through type behavior is observed, while the membrane of the stiffest LCEs fails before reaching the peak pressure value. For the moderately stiff LCEs, the pressure first increases, then reaches a plateau region, and shows a significant increase again. It is further observed that the polydomain-monodomain transition initiates in the bottom part of the membrane balloon and transits to the whole region. For the theoretical aspects, the constitutive relationship of polydomain LCEs is developed through introducing the state variables into the free energy. A numerical model is further constructed to simulate the boundary value problem of inflation tests. The model together with parameters calibrated from the uniaxial tension tests is able to fully capture the response in inflation tests. We also show that the classic hyperelastic models fail to capture the inflation behaviors of polydomain LCE membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase-augmented digital image correlation for high-accuracy deformation measurement: Theory, validation, and application to constitutive law learning

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106051

Rahul Danda , Xinxin Wu , Sheng Mao , Yin Zhang , Ting Zhu , Shuman Xia

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a prominent technique for full-field, non-contact deformation characterization. Despite its sub-pixel sensitivity for displacement measurement, conventional DIC often suffers from inadequate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) when measuring small deformations in stiff and/or brittle materials. This work presents phase-augmented DIC (PA-DIC), a novel method that integrates coherent illumination with image correlation to achieve measurement accuracy that surpasses that of conventional DIC. Unlike conventional DIC, which relies on non-coherent illumination to maintain gray-level conservation during deformation, PA-DIC leverages speckle phase information to measure displacement with improved sensitivity. We applied PA-DIC to characterize rigid-body rotation and non-uniform tensile deformation, validating its high accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, we demonstrated its application for machine learning of an orthotropic elastic constitutive relationship. This was achieved using a hybrid finite element method and neural network (FEM-NN) optimization framework supplied with high-accuracy non-uniform strain data from PA-DIC. With its exceptional measurement accuracy, PA-DIC opens new possibilities for advanced full-field measurement and data-driven material characterization in the small deformation regime.

{"title":"Phase-augmented digital image correlation for high-accuracy deformation measurement: Theory, validation, and application to constitutive law learning","authors":"Rahul Danda , Xinxin Wu , Sheng Mao , Yin Zhang , Ting Zhu , Shuman Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital image correlation (DIC) is a prominent technique for full-field, non-contact deformation characterization. Despite its sub-pixel sensitivity for displacement measurement, conventional DIC often suffers from inadequate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) when measuring small deformations in stiff and/or brittle materials. This work presents phase-augmented DIC (PA-DIC), a novel method that integrates coherent illumination with image correlation to achieve measurement accuracy that surpasses that of conventional DIC. Unlike conventional DIC, which relies on non-coherent illumination to maintain gray-level conservation during deformation, PA-DIC leverages speckle phase information to measure displacement with improved sensitivity. We applied PA-DIC to characterize rigid-body rotation and non-uniform tensile deformation, validating its high accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, we demonstrated its application for machine learning of an orthotropic elastic constitutive relationship. This was achieved using a hybrid finite element method and neural network (FEM-NN) optimization framework supplied with high-accuracy non-uniform strain data from PA-DIC. With its exceptional measurement accuracy, PA-DIC opens new possibilities for advanced full-field measurement and data-driven material characterization in the small deformation regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 106051"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unusual stretching–twisting of liquid crystal elastomer bilayers

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106066

Zhijun Dai , Ya Wen , Zhiang Chen, Yijian Chen, Yifan Yang, Mengdi Gao, Yuzhen Chen, Fan Xu

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), as a unique class of smart soft materials combining the properties of liquid crystals and hyperelasticity, are capable of rapid, anisotropic, and reversible deformations in response to mechanical, thermal or optical stimuli. Here, we report a hitherto unknown stretching-induced twisting behavior of LCE bilayer strips. Under uniaxial stretching, we reveal that due to the spontaneous mismatch strain arising from interlayer anisotropy, the bilayer strips exhibit notable twisting deformations. We develop an LCE bilayer strip model based on semi-soft elasticity to quantitatively understand and predict such intriguing tension-twisting response. Based on our experiments and theoretical analyses, we systematically explore how the liquid crystal director orientation, geometric dimensions and material parameters of the strips would affect the twisting behavior. We find that when the alignment of directors of bilayer are symmetric about the stretching direction, a larger deviation angle of the initial directors results in a more significant twisting deformation. Additionally, a longer, narrower and thicker strip has a more pronounced twisting effect. Furthermore, the material anisotropy encourages the twisting, while the feature of semi-soft elasticity discourages it. The findings not only reveal the tension-twisting coupling behavior of LCE bilayer strips, but also offer new insights into the design of LCE actuators, intelligent structures and soft robots.

{"title":"Unusual stretching–twisting of liquid crystal elastomer bilayers","authors":"Zhijun Dai , Ya Wen , Zhiang Chen, Yijian Chen, Yifan Yang, Mengdi Gao, Yuzhen Chen, Fan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), as a unique class of smart soft materials combining the properties of liquid crystals and hyperelasticity, are capable of rapid, anisotropic, and reversible deformations in response to mechanical, thermal or optical stimuli. Here, we report a hitherto unknown stretching-induced twisting behavior of LCE bilayer strips. Under uniaxial stretching, we reveal that due to the spontaneous mismatch strain arising from interlayer anisotropy, the bilayer strips exhibit notable twisting deformations. We develop an LCE bilayer strip model based on semi-soft elasticity to quantitatively understand and predict such intriguing tension-twisting response. Based on our experiments and theoretical analyses, we systematically explore how the liquid crystal director orientation, geometric dimensions and material parameters of the strips would affect the twisting behavior. We find that when the alignment of directors of bilayer are symmetric about the stretching direction, a larger deviation angle of the initial directors results in a more significant twisting deformation. Additionally, a longer, narrower and thicker strip has a more pronounced twisting effect. Furthermore, the material anisotropy encourages the twisting, while the feature of semi-soft elasticity discourages it. The findings not only reveal the tension-twisting coupling behavior of LCE bilayer strips, but also offer new insights into the design of LCE actuators, intelligent structures and soft robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 106066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of axisymmetric necking of a circular dielectric membrane based on a one-dimensional model

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106071

Xiang Yu , Yibin Fu

To facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the electric breakdown of dielectric elastomers, we derive a one-dimensional (1d) model for axisymmetric necking in a dielectric membrane subjected to equibiaxial stretching and an electric field, starting from the three-dimensional (3d) nonlinear electroelasticity theory. Our reduction is built on the variational asymptotic method, so that the resulting 1d model is asymptotically self-consistent. The 1d model offers an easier and more efficient way to analyze axisymmetric necking in a dielectric membrane in the linear, weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear regimes. It delivers results identical to the 3d theory in the linear and weakly nonlinear regimes, and near-identical results in the fully nonlinear regime due to its asymptotic self-consistency. We demonstrate the straightforward implementation of this 1d model by solving it using the Rayleigh–Ritz method and validate it by comparison with finite-element simulations. The 1d model enables a precise calculation of the minimum thickness that a dielectric membrane can reach when necking instability occurs and quantitative assessment of the effects of imperfections so that the integrity of a dielectric elastomer actuator can be evaluated with respect to electric breakdown. The developed methodology is not problem-specific and can also be applied to analyze similar phenomena in other soft materials subjected to any fields (e.g., the axisymmetric necking of stretched plastic membranes).

{"title":"Analysis of axisymmetric necking of a circular dielectric membrane based on a one-dimensional model","authors":"Xiang Yu , Yibin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the electric breakdown of dielectric elastomers, we derive a one-dimensional (1d) model for axisymmetric necking in a dielectric membrane subjected to equibiaxial stretching and an electric field, starting from the three-dimensional (3d) nonlinear electroelasticity theory. Our reduction is built on the variational asymptotic method, so that the resulting 1d model is asymptotically self-consistent. The 1d model offers an easier and more efficient way to analyze axisymmetric necking in a dielectric membrane in the linear, weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear regimes. It delivers results identical to the 3d theory in the linear and weakly nonlinear regimes, and near-identical results in the fully nonlinear regime due to its asymptotic self-consistency. We demonstrate the straightforward implementation of this 1d model by solving it using the Rayleigh–Ritz method and validate it by comparison with finite-element simulations. The 1d model enables a precise calculation of the minimum thickness that a dielectric membrane can reach when necking instability occurs and quantitative assessment of the effects of imperfections so that the integrity of a dielectric elastomer actuator can be evaluated with respect to electric breakdown. The developed methodology is not problem-specific and can also be applied to analyze similar phenomena in other soft materials subjected to any fields (e.g., the axisymmetric necking of stretched plastic membranes).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 106071"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanics of liquid crystal inclusions in soft matrices

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106070

Yifei Bai, Laurence Brassart

The mechanical behaviour of composites of liquid crystal inclusions embedded in soft matrices involves a complex interplay between the elasticity of the matrix, the surface elasticity of the interfaces, and the reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Directors of the (nematic) liquid crystal tend to be aligned in the bulk, but may ”anchor” along the interface. In addition, the interface deforms according to the bulk deformation, while trying to minimise the surface area. In this paper, we present a continuum theory for an incompressible hyperelastic matrix containing nematic liquid crystal inclusions. The elastic energy of the inclusions, attributed to the distortion of the director field, is described using Landau–de Gennes theory. The matrix is described as an incompressible neo-Hookean solid. Anchoring effects at the inclusion–matrix interface are described through anisotropic surface tension. The model is implemented numerically using the FEniCSx finite element code. Through parametric study, we investigate the impact of energy competitions on the macroscopic and inclusion responses. Similar to the case of liquid inclusions, composites containing liquid crystal inclusions can be stiffer or softer than the matrix, depending on the value of the elasto-capillary number. The softening or stiffening effect is further affected by the distortional energy of the inclusion and the anchoring strength of the interface. Conversely, applied mechanical loads can reorient the director field. In particular, we show that stress-induced reorientation is significant when the dimensionless volume of the inclusion is large, involving alignment of the directors under tension, and disorientation under compression. The proposed theory and new physical insights could be useful for the design of smart stimuli-responsive materials.

{"title":"Mechanics of liquid crystal inclusions in soft matrices","authors":"Yifei Bai, Laurence Brassart","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behaviour of composites of liquid crystal inclusions embedded in soft matrices involves a complex interplay between the elasticity of the matrix, the surface elasticity of the interfaces, and the reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Directors of the (nematic) liquid crystal tend to be aligned in the bulk, but may ”anchor” along the interface. In addition, the interface deforms according to the bulk deformation, while trying to minimise the surface area. In this paper, we present a continuum theory for an incompressible hyperelastic matrix containing nematic liquid crystal inclusions. The elastic energy of the inclusions, attributed to the distortion of the director field, is described using Landau–de Gennes theory. The matrix is described as an incompressible neo-Hookean solid. Anchoring effects at the inclusion–matrix interface are described through anisotropic surface tension. The model is implemented numerically using the FEniCSx finite element code. Through parametric study, we investigate the impact of energy competitions on the macroscopic and inclusion responses. Similar to the case of liquid inclusions, composites containing liquid crystal inclusions can be stiffer or softer than the matrix, depending on the value of the elasto-capillary number. The softening or stiffening effect is further affected by the distortional energy of the inclusion and the anchoring strength of the interface. Conversely, applied mechanical loads can reorient the director field. In particular, we show that stress-induced reorientation is significant when the dimensionless volume of the inclusion is large, involving alignment of the directors under tension, and disorientation under compression. The proposed theory and new physical insights could be useful for the design of smart stimuli-responsive materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 106070"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grid hollow octet truss lattices that are stable at low relative density

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106068

Peijie Zhang , Xueyan Chen , Penghui Yu , Kun Zhao , Haoxiang Ma , Shiqiu Liu , Huifeng Tan , Vincent Laude , Muamer Kadic

Stretching-dominated lattice materials are renowned for their lightweight nature and exceptional mechanical properties. These materials, however, have historically struggled with scalability towards low relative densities at which they often exhibit unstable oscillation behavior. Here, we propose a viable solution to this issue by integrating hollow truss elements and a grid distribution into the conventional octet truss lattice. The proposed grid hollow octet truss lattices demonstrate significant improvement over the conventional octet truss lattice, with stiffness and specific energy absorption capacities respectively 25.8% and 98% larger. To quantitatively assess the stability of low relative density metamaterials, three metrics are proposed and validated. The effect on the mechanical properties of the octet lattice of the ratio of inner to outer radius and of the grid number are comprehensively investigated numerically. Numerical simulations indicate that larger geometrical parameters and grid numbers significantly enhance the stability of the octet lattice. Consequently, the proposed lattices exhibit comparable energy absorption capacity as smooth shell lattices at equivalent relative density but demonstrate a more stable nonlinear response, maintaining nearly constant stress levels at a relative density of 0.1. Experimental validation supports these findings, highlighting potential for applications to load bearing and energy absorption.

{"title":"Grid hollow octet truss lattices that are stable at low relative density","authors":"Peijie Zhang , Xueyan Chen , Penghui Yu , Kun Zhao , Haoxiang Ma , Shiqiu Liu , Huifeng Tan , Vincent Laude , Muamer Kadic","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stretching-dominated lattice materials are renowned for their lightweight nature and exceptional mechanical properties. These materials, however, have historically struggled with scalability towards low relative densities at which they often exhibit unstable oscillation behavior. Here, we propose a viable solution to this issue by integrating hollow truss elements and a grid distribution into the conventional octet truss lattice. The proposed grid hollow octet truss lattices demonstrate significant improvement over the conventional octet truss lattice, with stiffness and specific energy absorption capacities respectively 25.8% and 98% larger. To quantitatively assess the stability of low relative density metamaterials, three metrics are proposed and validated. The effect on the mechanical properties of the octet lattice of the ratio of inner to outer radius and of the grid number are comprehensively investigated numerically. Numerical simulations indicate that larger geometrical parameters and grid numbers significantly enhance the stability of the octet lattice. Consequently, the proposed lattices exhibit comparable energy absorption capacity as smooth shell lattices at equivalent relative density but demonstrate a more stable nonlinear response, maintaining nearly constant stress levels at a relative density of 0.1. Experimental validation supports these findings, highlighting potential for applications to load bearing and energy absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 106068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A unified anisotropic phase field model for progressive failure of fiber-reinforced composite materials

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106063

Yuanfeng Yu , Chi Hou , Meiying Zhao

Fiber-reinforced composite materials have gained considerable traction in various applications due to their exceptional properties, but the multicomponent nature makes their failure modes more complex, so the research of failure mechanism for composites is very important for the safety of the structure in use. In this work, a new unified anisotropic phase field model is proposed. Firstly, a new crack surface density function is developed, drawing on the characteristics of both double and single phase field models, as well as the fracture behavior of composites. This new function retains the advantages of the previous models. Meanwhile, to more accurately portray failure behavior in matrix-dominated fractures, a new mixed-mode damage evolution driving force is presented. In addition, the analytical solution of the model is derived, and the relationships between the model parameters and stress and strain, together with crack bandwidth, are established. Furthermore, 2D and 3D Hashin failure criteria are derived from the phase field model, and the damage initiation criterion and evolution law of the model are constructed. Finally, the new model is validated by some examples, and the influences of the model parameters on the load-displacement response and the crack pattern are analyzed. The simulation results align well with the experimental findings, theoretical analyses, and reference numerical results, demonstrating the validity and accuracy of the presented model.

{"title":"A unified anisotropic phase field model for progressive failure of fiber-reinforced composite materials","authors":"Yuanfeng Yu , Chi Hou , Meiying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced composite materials have gained considerable traction in various applications due to their exceptional properties, but the multicomponent nature makes their failure modes more complex, so the research of failure mechanism for composites is very important for the safety of the structure in use. In this work, a new unified anisotropic phase field model is proposed. Firstly, a new crack surface density function is developed, drawing on the characteristics of both double and single phase field models, as well as the fracture behavior of composites. This new function retains the advantages of the previous models. Meanwhile, to more accurately portray failure behavior in matrix-dominated fractures, a new mixed-mode damage evolution driving force is presented. In addition, the analytical solution of the model is derived, and the relationships between the model parameters and stress and strain, together with crack bandwidth, are established. Furthermore, 2D and 3D Hashin failure criteria are derived from the phase field model, and the damage initiation criterion and evolution law of the model are constructed. Finally, the new model is validated by some examples, and the influences of the model parameters on the load-displacement response and the crack pattern are analyzed. The simulation results align well with the experimental findings, theoretical analyses, and reference numerical results, demonstrating the validity and accuracy of the presented model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 106063"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Torsion-mediated instabilities in confined elastic layers

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106064

Tara K. Venkatadri , Chuwei Ye , Tal Cohen , Shaoting Lin

When a soft elastic layer confined between two rigid substrates is subjected to tensile loads, the stressed layer exhibits various modes of elastic instability that influence its mechanical response. While previous studies have primarily focused on analyzing these instabilities under normal tension, this study systematically investigates the impact of combined tension–torsion loading on the emergence of fingering and fringe instabilities. Through a combination of theoretical, experimental, and numerical analysis, we show that the application of torsion can tune the mode of instabilities in elastic layers with moderate aspect ratios. We also demonstrate that torsion controls the monotonicity of the stress–stretch relationship in elastic layers with large aspect ratios. We construct a phase diagram that delineates the mode of instability and the monotonicity of the stress–stretch curve in confined elastic layers as a function of the applied torsion angle and the sample’s aspect ratio. This work not only provides mechanistic insights into the role of torsion in stabilizing the response of confined elastic layers, but also offers a valuable tool for designing soft yet tough adhesive systems capable of withstanding complex mechanical loads.

{"title":"Torsion-mediated instabilities in confined elastic layers","authors":"Tara K. Venkatadri , Chuwei Ye , Tal Cohen , Shaoting Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a soft elastic layer confined between two rigid substrates is subjected to tensile loads, the stressed layer exhibits various modes of elastic instability that influence its mechanical response. While previous studies have primarily focused on analyzing these instabilities under normal tension, this study systematically investigates the impact of combined tension–torsion loading on the emergence of fingering and fringe instabilities. Through a combination of theoretical, experimental, and numerical analysis, we show that the application of torsion can tune the mode of instabilities in elastic layers with moderate aspect ratios. We also demonstrate that torsion controls the monotonicity of the stress–stretch relationship in elastic layers with large aspect ratios. We construct a phase diagram that delineates the mode of instability and the monotonicity of the stress–stretch curve in confined elastic layers as a function of the applied torsion angle and the sample’s aspect ratio. This work not only provides mechanistic insights into the role of torsion in stabilizing the response of confined elastic layers, but also offers a valuable tool for designing soft yet tough adhesive systems capable of withstanding complex mechanical loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 106064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling coupled electro-chemo-mechanical phenomena within all-solid-state battery composite cathodes

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106060

Kasra Taghikhani , William Huber , Peter J. Weddle , Mohsen Asle Zaeem , J.R. Berger , Robert J. Kee

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage. However, realizing their potential requires an understanding of their underlying coupled, multiphysics behaviors. In an effort to understand these complex interactions, the present paper develops and applies a finite-element phase-field model that represents coupled electro-chemo-mechanical behaviors in composite ASSBs cathodes. The model predicts stress distributions as well as fracture and phase separations under several operating conditions. The results show that structural disintegration and the resulting loss of active surface area creates tortuous pathways for Li and Li-ion transport, contributing to capacity fade. The model is used to investigate the sensitivity of cell performance to different variables. The model evaluates the effects of electrode/electrolyte material properties, such as material stiffness and fracture toughness; microstructural characteristics, such as porosity and void distribution; and operating conditions such as charge/discharge rates and externally applied pressure. The voltage responses are validated using previously published experimental measurements. The model can be used to inform microstructural design and operating conditions that minimize or prevent mechanical damage during multiphysical interactions in ASSBs.

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引用次数: 0

Parthenocissus tricuspidata tendril: A mechanically robust structural design with multiple functions

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106065

Jin-Hui Zhou , Lin Zhang , Sen-Zhen Zhan , Qiao Zhang , Yuxin Sun , Xi-Qiao Feng , Zi-Long Zhao

Through an array of spatially distributed tendril pads, Parthenocissus tricuspidata adheres itself firmly to the surfaces of targets such as trees and walls. The tendril pads, which form unique and intriguing layouts, play a critical role in supporting plant organs. However, the relationship between their geometric forms and mechanical properties remains inadequately understood. In this paper, we combine experimental measurement, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation to decipher the morphomechanics of P. tricuspidata tendrils. The structural geometry and load-bearing capability of the tendrils were measured. A structural mechanics model, supported by finite element simulations, is proposed to analyze the properties of different tendril layouts. The results show that the gradually narrowing distribution of the pads and the zigzag pattern of the main axis synergistically make the tendrils a comprehensively excellent mechanical design. The tendrils can simultaneously achieve superb mechanical robustness, outstanding load-bearing capability, and high efficiency of material usage. We develop an optimization method, and find that the optimized tendril layout is similar to the real one. It is also revealed that the real pad distribution renders a flaw-insensitive design. As their branchlets or pads are partly broken, the tendrils can still effectively accommodate external forces in different directions, and their structural stiffnesses do not change significantly. This work not only deepens our understanding of the structure–property–function interrelations of P. tricuspidata tendrils, but also provides inspirations for the design of, e.g., high-performance suspended cables.

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引用次数: 0