Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids最新文献_第10页

Universal Fourier Neural Operators for periodic homogenization problems in linear elasticity 线性弹性周期均匀化问题的通用傅里叶神经算子

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106418

Binh Huy Nguyen , Matti Schneider

Solving cell problems in homogenization is hard, and available deep-learning frameworks fail to match the speed and generality of traditional computational frameworks. More to the point, it is generally unclear what to expect of machine-learning approaches, let alone single out which approaches are promising. In the work at hand, we advocate Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) for micromechanics, empowering them by insights from computational micromechanics methods based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT).

We construct an FNO surrogate mimicking the basic scheme foundational for FFT-based methods and show that the resulting operator predicts solutions to cell problems with arbitrary stiffness distribution only subject to a material-contrast constraint up to a desired accuracy. In particular, there are no restrictions on the material symmetry like isotropy, on the number of phases and on the geometry of the interfaces between materials. Also, the provided fidelity is sharp and uniform, providing explicit guarantees leveraging our physical empowerment of FNOs.

To show the desired universal approximation property, we construct an FNO explicitly that requires no training to begin with. Still, the obtained neural operator complies with the same memory requirements as the basic scheme and comes with runtimes proportional to classical FFT solvers. In particular, large-scale problems with more than 100 million voxels are readily handled.

The goal of this work is to underline the potential of FNOs for solving micromechanical problems, linking FFT-based methods to FNOs. This connection is expected to provide a fruitful exchange between both worlds.

在同质化中解决细胞问题是困难的，可用的深度学习框架无法与传统计算框架的速度和通用性相匹配。更重要的是，人们通常不清楚对机器学习方法的期望是什么，更不用说挑出哪些方法有希望了。在手头的工作中，我们提倡将傅里叶神经算子（FNOs）用于微力学，通过基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的计算微力学方法的见解赋予它们力量。我们构建了一个FNO代理，模拟基于fft方法的基本方案，并表明由此产生的算子预测具有任意刚度分布的单元问题的解决方案，仅受材料对比约束达到所需的精度。特别是对材料的对称性，如各向同性，相的数量和材料之间界面的几何形状没有限制。此外，所提供的保真度是清晰而统一的，提供了明确的保证，利用我们对fno的物理授权。为了显示期望的普遍近似性质，我们明确地构造了一个不需要训练的FNO。尽管如此，所获得的神经算子符合与基本方案相同的内存要求，并且具有与经典FFT解算器成比例的运行时间。特别是，超过1亿体素的大规模问题很容易处理。这项工作的目的是强调FNOs在解决微力学问题方面的潜力，将基于fft的方法与FNOs联系起来。这一组合有望在两个世界之间提供富有成效的交流。

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引用次数: 0

A viscoelastic micro-stretch theory for monodomain nematic liquid crystal elastomers 单畴向列液晶弹性体的粘弹性微拉伸理论

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106412

Yuefeng Jiang , Zengting Xu , Rui Xiao , Sanjay Govindjee , Thao D. Nguyen

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) combine the anisotropic self-ordering behavior of liquid crystals with the dissipative viscoelastic behavior of elastomers. This combination produces unique behaviors, including a large strain response to cooling past the nematic–isotropic transition temperature, rate-dependent soft stress response, and enhanced dissipation compared to traditional elastomers. To capture these phenomena, we develop a finite-deformation viscoelastic micro-stretch theory for monodomain nematic elastomers, which describes the coupled mechanisms of viscous mesogen ordering, viscous director rotation, and viscoelastic network deformation. We then specialize the general theory to model the thermomechanical behavior of uniaxial nematic elastomers, and examine its predictions through material-point and boundary-value computations. The latter employs a finite element framework that includes the Frank-like energy terms. The numerical examples explore the thermal deformation response to temperature cycling across the nematic–isotropic transition at different temperature scan rates and mechanical pre-loads, as well as the isothermal uniaxial tension stress response. We further present new experimental results that investigate the effect of mechanical loading on thermally driven phase transformations. These experiments reveal an unexpected phenomenon wherein samples cooled into the nematic state under a perpendicular pre-load exhibit a dramatic mode switch in their anisotropic thermal deformation response. The proposed model successfully predicts this effect and further provides a plausible microstructural explanation. Altogether, these studies demonstrate the rich and complex phenomena that emerge from the full coupling of the evolving scalar order parameter, rotating director, and mechanical deformation.

液晶弹性体（LCEs）结合了液晶的各向异性自有序行为和弹性体的耗散粘弹性行为。这种组合产生了独特的性能，包括冷却超过向列向各向同性转变温度时的大应变响应，与传统弹性体相比，速率相关的软应力响应以及增强的耗散。为了捕捉这些现象，我们发展了单域向列弹性体的有限变形粘弹性微拉伸理论，该理论描述了粘性介观有序、粘性导向旋转和粘弹性网络变形的耦合机制。然后，我们专门研究了一般理论来模拟单轴向列弹性体的热力学行为，并通过材料点和边值计算来检验其预测。后者采用了包含Frank-like能量项的有限元框架。数值算例探讨了在不同温度扫描速率和机械预载荷下，沿向列-各向同性转变的温度循环对热变形的响应，以及等温单轴拉伸应力响应。我们进一步提出了新的实验结果，研究了机械载荷对热驱动相变的影响。这些实验揭示了一个意想不到的现象，即在垂直预载荷下冷却到向列状态的样品在其各向异性热变形响应中表现出戏剧性的模式切换。提出的模型成功地预测了这种效应，并进一步提供了一个合理的微观结构解释。综上所述，这些研究表明，从演化的标量序参数、旋转方向和机械变形的完全耦合中出现了丰富而复杂的现象。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of multiscale substructures on the effective behavior and field statistics of porous materials 多尺度子结构对多孔材料有效行为和场统计的影响

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106411

Shuvrangsu Das

This work investigates the effects of multiscale substructure on the mechanical response of porous materials. First, we consider porous materials consisting of two populations of cylindrical pores embedded in an incompressible anisotropic viscous matrix and obtain analytical estimates for the overall response and field statistics under plane-strain loading in transverse plane. We demonstrate that the effective bulk viscosity of three-scale porous materials is lower compared to that of two-scale porous materials, whereas the effective shear viscosity remains unaffected. However, the stress and strain-rate fields become substantially more heterogeneous because of the multiscale substructure, with the enhancement increasing with the anisotropy of the viscous matrix, the total pore volume fraction, and the relative volume fraction of large and small pores. Next, we consider porous polycrystals in which the pores of two populations are distributed in a polycrystalline material composed of anisotropic viscous grains. Depending on the relative sizes of the pores to the grains, three types of porous polycrystals are considered: porous polycrystals containing intergranular pores and voids; porous polycrystals with porous grains and intergranular pores; and porous polycrystals with porous grains and voids. As before, the overall deviatoric response remains largely independent of the relative sizes of pores and grains, but the polycrystals containing porous grains show a softer dilatational response than the other two types of porous polycrystals. Moreover, the polycrystals consisting of intragranular pores exhibit substantially more heterogeneity of the stress and strain-rate fields, compared to polycrystals containing only voids or intergranular pores. While this work focuses on multiscale porous viscous materials, the framework to derive the overall response and field statistics is quite general and, with an appropriate linearization scheme, it can be extended to multiscale porous viscoplastic materials. In this work, however, we considered porous materials with anisotropic viscous phases and focused on uncovering the effects of multiscale substructures, which are found to significantly influence the field statistics of porous materials with strongly anisotropic phases.

本文研究了多尺度子结构对多孔材料力学响应的影响。首先，我们考虑了由嵌套在不可压缩各向异性粘性矩阵中的两类圆柱孔组成的多孔材料，并获得了横向平面应变加载下的总体响应和场统计的解析估计。我们证明了三尺度多孔材料的有效体积粘度比两尺度多孔材料低，而有效剪切粘度不受影响。但由于多尺度子结构的存在，应力场和应变率场的非均质性明显增强，且随黏性基质的各向异性、总孔隙体积分数、大小孔隙相对体积分数的增加而增强。接下来，我们考虑多孔多晶，其中两个种群的孔隙分布在由各向异性粘性颗粒组成的多晶材料中。根据孔隙与晶粒的相对大小，可以考虑三种类型的多孔多晶：含有晶间孔隙和空隙的多孔多晶；具有多孔颗粒和粒间孔隙的多孔多晶；以及带有多孔颗粒和空隙的多孔多晶。与之前一样，总体偏差响应在很大程度上与孔隙和晶粒的相对大小无关，但含有多孔颗粒的多晶比其他两种类型的多孔多晶表现出更柔和的膨胀响应。此外，与只含有孔洞或粒间孔洞的多晶相比，由粒内孔洞组成的多晶表现出更强的应力和应变率场的非均质性。虽然本研究的重点是多尺度多孔粘塑性材料，但推导整体响应和场统计的框架是相当通用的，通过适当的线性化方案，可以将其扩展到多尺度多孔粘塑性材料。然而，在这项工作中，我们考虑了具有各向异性黏性相的多孔材料，并重点揭示了多尺度子结构的影响，发现多尺度子结构对具有强各向异性相的多孔材料的场统计有显著影响。

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引用次数: 0

Geometric and mechanical rules governing the confined coiling of thin shells 约束薄壳卷取的几何和力学规则

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106416

Bo Tao , Kai Luo , Qiang Tian , Haiyan Hu

The confined coiling of a thin shell appears in both natural morphologies and engineering designs. Yet its underlying geometric and mechanical principles remain unclear. Hence, we investigate how a tape spring, a representative of thin shells, coils around a rigid cylindrical hub under a tension. Combining experiments, simulations, and theoretical analysis, we find that the shell consistently adopts a regular polygonal configuration featuring the periodic localized folds. This discrete folding pattern arises as the shell curvature prevents a smooth coiling, driving it into a symmetric and periodic arrangement of folds. We show that this pattern emerges from a fundamental interplay between geometric incompatibility and energy minimization. Applying the principle of virtual work, we establish a quantitative relation between the applied tension and the number of folds. The above results uncover the geometric and mechanical rules governing the coiling of thin shells, providing a general framework for understanding and controlling folded coiling in curved structures.

薄壳的受限卷曲在自然形态和工程设计中都有出现。然而，其基本的几何和力学原理仍不清楚。因此，我们研究了带式弹簧，薄壳的代表，如何在张力下绕着刚性圆柱轮毂卷曲。结合实验、模拟和理论分析，我们发现壳层始终采用规则的多边形结构，具有周期性的局部褶皱。这种离散的折叠模式是由于外壳曲率阻止平滑卷曲而产生的，将其驱动成对称和周期性的折叠排列。我们表明，这种模式产生于几何不相容和能量最小化之间的基本相互作用。应用虚功原理，建立了施加张力与折痕数之间的定量关系。上述结果揭示了薄壳卷取的几何和力学规律，为理解和控制弯曲结构中的折叠卷取提供了一个总体框架。

引用次数: 0

Topological changes in birods and loops 双胞和环的拓扑变化

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106414

Paolo Maria Mariano , Domenico Mucci

We develop a new theoretical framework for birods—a model for 2-braids and intertwined molecules such as DNA—grounded in continuum mechanics and built upon invariance principles. We represent birods as Cosserat curves enriched by additional phase fields. We look at large strain setting and consider virtually varying reference configurations as a tool for describing structural mutations like those induced by the helicase in DNA. Actions are associated with each independent mechanism that changes the birod shape. We deduce pertinent balance equations by requiring objectivity to the power of external actions relatively to virtually varying reference configurations and a power of disarrangement. We do not postulate the expression of the inner power of actions, which is instead derived. In other words, we deliberately avoid the principle of virtual power, that is, we do not postulate a weak form of the balance equations in dynamical setting. Then, by looking at loops, we find closed form expressions of the energy changes due to variations of the loop writhe number. The results pertain to a class of mechanisms that includes DNA supercoiling.

我们为鸟类建立了一个新的理论框架——一个基于连续介质力学和不变性原理的双辫和交织分子（如dna）的模型。我们用附加相场富集的Cosserat曲线表示双极体。我们着眼于大的菌株设置，并考虑几乎不同的参考配置作为描述结构突变的工具，如DNA中解旋酶诱导的突变。动作与改变双杆形状的每个独立机制相关联。我们推导出相关的平衡方程，要求对外部作用相对于实际变化的参考构型和无序的力量的客观性。我们不假设行动的内在力量的表达，而是推导出来的。换句话说，我们故意避免了虚功率原理，即我们不假设动力设置中平衡方程的弱形式。然后，通过观察环，我们发现了由于环扭数变化而引起的能量变化的封闭形式表达式。研究结果与包括DNA超卷曲在内的一类机制有关。

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引用次数: 0

Size-dependent transformation patterns in NiTi tubes under tension and bending: Stereo digital image correlation experiments and modeling 镍钛管在拉伸和弯曲下的尺寸依赖性转换模式：立体数字图像相关实验和建模

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106413

Aslan Ahadi , Elham Sarvari , Jan Frenzel , Gunther Eggeler , Stanisław Stupkiewicz , Mohsen Rezaee-Hajidehi

The dependence of transformation patterns in superelastic NiTi tubes on tube outer diameter

D

and wall-thickness

t

is investigated through quasi-static uniaxial tension and large-rotation bending experiments. The evolution of outer-surface strain fields is synchronized with global stress–strain and moment–curvature responses using a multi-magnification, high-resolution stereo digital image correlation system at 0.5–

2 \times

magnifications. The transformation patterns exhibit systematic size-dependent behaviors. Under tension and for a specific

D

, as the diameter-to-thickness ratio

D / t

decreases, a decreasing number of fat/diffuse helical bands emerge, in contrast to sharp/slim bands in thin tubes. Consequently, the austenite–martensite front morphology transitions from finely-fingered to coarsely-fingered with decreasing

D / t

. Below a characteristic

D / t

, front morphology no longer exhibits patterning and phase transformation proceeds via propagation of a finger-less front. Moreover, the transformation pattern exhibits an interrelation between

D

and

D / t

, where a front possessing diffuse fingers is observed in a thin but small tube. Under bending, both the global moment–curvature response and transformation pattern exhibit

D

- and

D / t

-dependence. While wedge-like martensite domains consistently form across all tube sizes, their growth is noticeably limited in smaller and thicker tubes due to geometrical constraints. A gradient-enhanced model of superelasticity is employed to analyze the distinct transformation patterns observed in tubes of various dimensions. The size-dependent behavior is explained based on the competition between bulk and interfacial energies, and based on the energetic cost of accommodating martensite fingers. By leveraging an axisymmetric tube configuration as a reference energy state, the extra energy associated with the formation of fingers is quantified.

通过准静态单轴拉伸和大旋转弯曲实验，研究了超弹性NiTi管的相变模式与管外径D和壁厚t的关系。利用0.5 - 2倍放大倍数的高分辨率立体数字图像相关系统，外表面应变场的演变与全局应力-应变和矩-曲率响应同步。转换模式表现出系统的依赖于大小的行为。在拉伸和特定的D下，随着直径/厚度比D/t的减小，与细管中尖锐/纤细的螺旋带相比，出现的脂肪/弥散螺旋带数量减少。随着D/t的减小，奥氏体-马氏体前缘形貌由细指状向粗指状转变。在特征D/t以下，锋面形态不再显示图案，相变通过无指锋面的传播进行。此外，转变模式在D和D/t之间表现出相互关系，其中在薄而小的管中观察到具有弥散指的前端。在弯曲作用下，整体弯矩-曲率响应和变换模式均表现为D-和D/t-相关。虽然楔形马氏体域在所有管尺寸中都一致形成，但由于几何约束，它们的生长在较小和较厚的管中明显受到限制。采用梯度增强的超弹性模型，分析了在不同尺寸管道中观察到的不同转变模式。基于体积能和界面能之间的竞争以及容纳马氏体指的能量成本，解释了尺寸依赖行为。通过利用轴对称管结构作为参考能量状态，与手指形成相关的额外能量被量化。

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引用次数: 0

Intergranular creep damage in an austenitic stainless steel: A coupled phase field-crystal plasticity study 奥氏体不锈钢的晶间蠕变损伤：相场-晶塑性耦合研究

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106401

Lifeng Gan, Esteban P. Busso, Chao Ling, Dongfeng Li

A novel coupled phase field-crystal plasticity framework is proposed to study intergranular damage during creep in a commercial austenitic stainless steel (HR3C) exposed to different service times. In the formulation, the phase field order parameter, which represents a scalar measure of damage, is driven by both the elastic energy and the stored energy associated with the local dislocation structure. Detailed grain boundary analyses revealed that the primary mechanism responsible for the initiation of creep damage was the nucleation of microcavities at random high-angle grain boundaries, where carbides and

σ

-FeCr phases tend to precipitate during service. A novel approach is proposed to account for the critical separation work of grain boundaries (GBs) of either tilt, twist, or mixed tilt–twist character, and it is made to depend on both the surface energy of the newly created intergranular microcavity and the energy of the GB given by an extended Read–Shockley model. The proposed framework relies on representative volume elements of EBSD-based digitally reconstructed microstructures to obtain predictions of creep deformation, damage and ultimate rupture, which were found to be consistent with experimental data. Experimentally observed microcavity sites were also successfully predicted and found to nucleate preferentially at random high angle GBs of mixed tilt–twist character with misorientations ranging from 50° to 60°. Furthermore, good agreement was found between the trends exhibited by the measured and predicted GB cavitation ratios with GB misorientation angle.

提出了一种新的相场-晶耦合塑性框架，用于研究不同使用时间下奥氏体不锈钢（HR3C）蠕变过程中的晶间损伤。在该公式中，表示损伤标量度量的相场序参量由弹性能和与局部位错结构相关的存储能共同驱动。详细的晶界分析表明，蠕变损伤发生的主要机制是随机高角度晶界上微腔的形核，在此晶界上碳化物和σ-FeCr相容易析出。提出了一种新的方法来解释倾斜、扭转或倾斜-扭转混合特征的晶界临界分离功，该方法既依赖于新形成的晶间微腔的表面能，也依赖于扩展的Read-Shockley模型给出的晶界能量。所提出的框架依赖于基于ebsd的数字重建微观结构的代表性体积元来获得蠕变变形、损伤和最终破裂的预测，结果与实验数据一致。实验观察到的微腔位置也成功地预测了，并发现在50°至60°取向范围内的混合倾斜-扭转特征的随机高角gb上优先成核。此外，测量值与预测值的空化率随取向角的变化趋势吻合较好。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting the cofactor conditions: Elimination of transition layers in compound domains 重新审视辅因子条件：复合域中过渡层的消除

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106409

Mohd Tahseen, Vivekanand Dabade

This paper investigates the conditions necessary for the elimination of transition layers at interfaces involving compound domains, extending the classical framework of cofactor conditions. Although cofactor conditions enable stress-free phase boundaries between Type I/II domains and austenite, their applicability to compound domains has remained limited. Here, we present a comprehensive theoretical framework to characterize all compatible interfaces, highlighting the fundamental importance of the commutation property among martensitic variants. By establishing necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions, referred to as extreme compatibility conditions, we demonstrate the simultaneous elimination of transition layers at phase interfaces for both Type I/II and compound laminates, across all volume fractions of the martensitic variants. We also investigate the possibility of achieving supercompatibility in non-conventional twins, recently observed in the NiMnGa system Seiner et al. (2019). The focus of our work is on cubic-to-orthorhombic and cubic-to-monoclinic II phase transformations, for which the extreme compatibility conditions are explicitly derived and systematically analyzed. The theory predicts novel zero-elastic-energy microstructures, including an increased number of triple clusters, spearhead-shaped martensitic nuclei, stress-free inclusions of austenite within martensite, and distinctive four-fold martensitic clusters. This significantly expands the possible modes of forming stress-free interfaces between phases and reveals new energy-minimizing microstructures that can facilitate the nucleation of martensite within austenite and vice versa. These configurations highlight significant enhancements in transformation reversibility and material durability, guiding the rational design of next-generation shape memory alloys with optimized functional properties.

本文研究了复合域界面上消除过渡层的必要条件，扩展了协因子条件的经典框架。虽然辅因子条件可以实现I/II型畴与奥氏体之间的无应力相界，但其在复合畴中的适用性仍然有限。在这里，我们提出了一个全面的理论框架来表征所有兼容界面，强调马氏体变体之间的交换性质的基本重要性。通过建立必要和充分的代数条件，即极端相容条件，我们证明了在马氏体变体的所有体积分数中，I/II型和复合层压板在相界面处同时消除了过渡层。我们还研究了非常规双胞胎实现超相容性的可能性，最近在NiMnGa系统中观察到Seiner等人（2019）。我们的工作重点是立方到正交和立方到单斜的II相转变，明确地推导和系统地分析了极端相容条件。该理论预测了新的零弹性能微观结构，包括增加数量的三重团簇、矛头形马氏体核、马氏体内的无应力奥氏体夹杂物和独特的四重马氏体团簇。这极大地扩展了形成相间无应力界面的可能模式，并揭示了新的能量最小化的微观结构，可以促进马氏体在奥氏体中成核，反之亦然。这些结构突出了转变可逆性和材料耐久性的显著增强，指导了具有优化功能特性的下一代形状记忆合金的合理设计。

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引用次数: 0

Atomistically-informed modeling of void growth in spallation of FCC metals FCC金属碎裂过程中空洞生长的自动信息建模

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106410

Minglu Lin , Haonan Sui , Yin Zhang , Huiling Duan

Predicting spall strength for designing enhanced performance materials under extreme conditions requires understanding microstructural features due to their role in void nucleation and growth. In single crystal metals, spallation primarily results from void growth initiated by vacancy clusters via dislocation nucleation at void surfaces, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of void growth mechanisms for accurate modeling. The energy barrier for dislocation nucleation is calculated through atomistic simulations as a function of the stress tensor, enabling the development of a general dislocation nucleation criterion for face-centered cubic (FCC) metals. Results indicate that the local stress state at void surfaces governs dislocation-mediated void growth by modulating the nucleation energy barrier. By integrating this microscopic criterion—explicitly parameterized by local stress—into macroscopic spallation models through the Steigmann–Ogden interface model, the model captures the temperature and strain-rate sensitivities of spall strength. Furthermore, it reveals the competition between thermally activated dislocation nucleation and inertial effects during void growth, and effectively explains the reduction in spall strength observed in metals containing gas bubbles. The significance of this study lies in developing an atomistically-informed model that enables realistic incorporation of microscopic defect responses into macroscopic spallation predictions.

为了在极端条件下设计高性能材料，预测剥落强度需要了解微观结构特征，因为它们在空穴成核和生长中的作用。在单晶金属中，散裂主要是由空穴表面的位错成核引起的空位团簇引发的空穴生长引起的，因此需要全面了解空穴生长机制才能进行准确的建模。通过原子模拟计算了位错成核的能垒作为应力张量的函数，从而建立了面心立方（FCC）金属位错成核的通用判据。结果表明，空穴表面的局部应力状态通过调节成核能势垒来控制位错介导的空穴生长。通过Steigmann-Ogden界面模型，将这一微观准则（由局部应力明确参数化）整合到宏观剥落模型中，该模型捕捉了剥落强度的温度敏感性和应变率敏感性。此外，它揭示了在空穴生长过程中热激活的位错成核和惯性效应之间的竞争，并有效地解释了在含有气泡的金属中观察到的小块强度的降低。本研究的意义在于开发一种原子信息模型，使微观缺陷响应与宏观裂裂预测相结合成为现实。

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引用次数: 0

Non-reciprocal three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials 非互易三维机械超材料

IF 6 2区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106403

Qingxiang Ji , Jinliang Wang , Brahim Lemkalli , Gwenn Ulliac , Changguo Wang , Sébastien Guenneau , Muamer Kadic

Mechanical metamaterials have recently driven significant advancements, and this field has currently been extended to break the reciprocity principle in static mechanics and wave propagation. Here, we demonstrate a type of three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials that possess nonreciprocal static elastic behaviors and tunable dynamic wave properties. The metamaterial is designed with suitably tailored microstructure asymmetry, which exhibits vastly different deformation configurations upon loading from different sides. Such contrast in deformation induces distinct force–displacement responses, which gives nonlinear elastic moduli that are dependent on both the magnitude and direction of applied loads. We fabricate such metamaterials with 3D printing technique at the microscale. The non-reciprocal mechanical behavior is validated by analytical means, simulations, and experiments. Besides, tunable band structure characteristics are obtained when the metamaterial is loaded in opposite directions or by different magnitudes. The band structure deforms in asymmetrical ways, which indicates flexible control on transmit–prohibit switching of elastic waves propagation (in certain frequency ranges), and this is realized by only switching the external mechanical loading direction. These peculiar behaviors show great prospects in enabling unidirectional elasticity and wave transmission within a solid material, paving avenues to new one-way functional devices.

机械超材料最近取得了重大进展，该领域目前已扩展到打破静态力学和波传播中的互易原理。在这里，我们展示了一种具有非互反静态弹性行为和可调动态波特性的三维机械超材料。该超材料具有适当的非对称结构，在不同侧面加载时表现出截然不同的变形形态。这种变形的对比引起了不同的力-位移响应，从而给出了依赖于施加载荷的大小和方向的非线性弹性模量。我们用3D打印技术在微观尺度上制造这种超材料。通过分析、模拟和实验验证了非互反力学行为。此外，在相反方向或不同量级的载荷下，获得了可调谐的能带结构特性。带状结构以不对称的方式变形，表明弹性波传播（在一定频率范围内）的禁传切换控制是灵活的，这是通过切换外部机械加载方向来实现的。这些特殊的行为在实现固体材料内的单向弹性和波传输方面显示出巨大的前景，为新的单向功能器件铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0