Fei Chen, W. Gao, Baizhang Zhang, Heng Zhao, Liwei Xiao, Y. Araki, Xiao Yong, Wei Zhang, Tiejian Zhao, Zhongshan Guo, Yingluo He, Peipei Zhang, N. Tsubaki
Methanol is the simplest primary alcohol manufactured worldwide in large quantities with an annual production of 40-60 million tons1). Methanol is a clean liquid fuel which can be used for fuel cells2). Methanol is extensively used for the production of dimethoxymethane (DMM), formic acid, dimethyl ether (DME), and other industrial chemicals3),4). More importantly, methanol is an intermediate for the synthesis of aromatics from syngas (CO+H2) or mixtures of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (CO2 +H2). These many applications emphasize the desirability of the development of highly active catalysts for methanol synthesis. The conventional high-temperature methanol synthesis process was developed by Imperial Chemical Industries Limited (ICI)2). However, the process achieves one-pass CO conversion of only 20-30 % because methanol synthesis is an exothermic reaction2). Therefore, recycling of unreacted feed gas is essential to increase conversion, leading to increased production costs. Consequently, methanol synthesis processes operating at low temperatures are very desirable. We previously proposed a novel reaction path of low-temperature methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO catalyst using various alcohols as both promoters and solvents, which produced methanol at low temperatures (130-170 °C) in a slurry-phase reactor7),8). This new process can use syngas containing both CO2/H2O directly without further purification, since CO2 and H2O in the feed gas are both byproducts and reactants, so are recycled in-situ in [Regular Paper]
{"title":"Effect of Different Chelating Agents on the Physicochemical Properties of Cu/ZnO Catalysts for Low-temperature Methanol Synthesis from Syngas Containing CO 2","authors":"Fei Chen, W. Gao, Baizhang Zhang, Heng Zhao, Liwei Xiao, Y. Araki, Xiao Yong, Wei Zhang, Tiejian Zhao, Zhongshan Guo, Yingluo He, Peipei Zhang, N. Tsubaki","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.245","url":null,"abstract":"Methanol is the simplest primary alcohol manufactured worldwide in large quantities with an annual production of 40-60 million tons1). Methanol is a clean liquid fuel which can be used for fuel cells2). Methanol is extensively used for the production of dimethoxymethane (DMM), formic acid, dimethyl ether (DME), and other industrial chemicals3),4). More importantly, methanol is an intermediate for the synthesis of aromatics from syngas (CO+H2) or mixtures of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (CO2 +H2). These many applications emphasize the desirability of the development of highly active catalysts for methanol synthesis. The conventional high-temperature methanol synthesis process was developed by Imperial Chemical Industries Limited (ICI)2). However, the process achieves one-pass CO conversion of only 20-30 % because methanol synthesis is an exothermic reaction2). Therefore, recycling of unreacted feed gas is essential to increase conversion, leading to increased production costs. Consequently, methanol synthesis processes operating at low temperatures are very desirable. We previously proposed a novel reaction path of low-temperature methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO catalyst using various alcohols as both promoters and solvents, which produced methanol at low temperatures (130-170 °C) in a slurry-phase reactor7),8). This new process can use syngas containing both CO2/H2O directly without further purification, since CO2 and H2O in the feed gas are both byproducts and reactants, so are recycled in-situ in [Regular Paper]","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76660283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Morimoto, Takashige Sato, Naoya Fukatsu, T. Morita, Hidekimi Yamamoto, R. Tanaka
A good binary solvent for asphaltene was identified using Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) analysis, and aggregation behaviors were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The pure solvents showed poor performance in dissolving asphaltene, whereas a mixed solvent system of 83 vol% benzyl benzoate and 17 vol% hexane dissolved up to ~16 wt% asphaltene. SAXS profiles at 10,000 mg/L of asphaltene in the binary solvent showed disappearance of nanoaggregates. These findings will be useful when developing mechanisms for controlling asphaltene aggregation/disaggregation in the crude oil industry.
{"title":"Asphaltene Dispersion in Mixed Poor Solvents","authors":"Masato Morimoto, Takashige Sato, Naoya Fukatsu, T. Morita, Hidekimi Yamamoto, R. Tanaka","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.302","url":null,"abstract":"A good binary solvent for asphaltene was identified using Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) analysis, and aggregation behaviors were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The pure solvents showed poor performance in dissolving asphaltene, whereas a mixed solvent system of 83 vol% benzyl benzoate and 17 vol% hexane dissolved up to ~16 wt% asphaltene. SAXS profiles at 10,000 mg/L of asphaltene in the binary solvent showed disappearance of nanoaggregates. These findings will be useful when developing mechanisms for controlling asphaltene aggregation/disaggregation in the crude oil industry.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85087816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dimethyl Ether Steam Reforming Utilizing Cu-based Catalysts Derived from Mg 1– x Cu x Al 2 O 4 and γ-Al 2 O 3","authors":"Shohei Tada, Fumito Otsuka, R. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82371393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kakeru Fujiwara, Shogo Kayano, M. Nishijima, Keisuke Kobayashi, T. Nanba, Taku Tsujimura
NiO and CeO 2 were prepared via flame spray pyrolysis. The specific surface area and total pore volume were 251 m 2 g –1 and 2.3 cm 3 g –1 for NiO and 338 m 2 g –1 and 3.3 cm 3 g –1 for CeO 2 , respectively. The high porosity and surface area of the NiO allowed deposition of small CeO 2 particles ( 〜 5 nm) by the impregnation of cerium acetate monohydrate. The particles were reduced using 5 % H 2 at 500 °C for 1 h which converted NiO to metallic Ni. During the reduction, the growth of Ni particles was hindered by CeO 2 particles. Consequently, the Ni size was relatively small ( 〜 20 nm) despite the extremely high Ni content (80 wt%), as observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, incorporation of Ni using nickel acetate tetrahydrate into the CeO 2 support resulted in formation of inhomogeneous Ni particles (20-100 nm) after H 2 reduction. H 2 chemisorption measurement showed the surface area of Ni particles in the former catalyst was 13.7 m 2 g –1 , which was 2.4 times larger than that in the latter catalyst. The former catalyst exhibited remarkable performance for CO 2 methanation (47 % CO 2 conversion at 250 °C), 2 times higher than in the latter catalyst.
采用火焰喷雾热解法制备了NiO和ceo2。NiO的比表面积和总孔容分别为251 m 2 g -1和2.3 cm 3 g -1, ceo2的比表面积和总孔容分别为338 m 2 g -1和3.3 cm 3 g -1。NiO的高孔隙率和高表面积使得一水乙酸铈浸渍可以沉积小的ceo2颗粒(~ 5 nm)。用5%的h2在500℃下还原1 H，将NiO转化为金属Ni。在还原过程中，ceo2阻碍了Ni颗粒的生长。因此，扫描透射电子显微镜观察到，尽管Ni含量极高(80 wt%)，但Ni尺寸相对较小(~ 20 nm)。相比之下，使用四水合乙酸镍将Ni掺入ceo2载体后，h2还原后形成了不均匀的Ni颗粒(20-100 nm)。h2化学吸附测定表明，前一种催化剂的Ni颗粒表面积为13.7 m 2 g -1，是后一种催化剂的2.4倍。前一种催化剂在250℃时co2甲烷化率达到47%，是后一种催化剂的2倍。
{"title":"Porous NiO Prepared by Flame Spray Pyrolysis for 80 wt% Ni–CeO 2 Catalyst and Its Activity for CO 2 Methanation","authors":"Kakeru Fujiwara, Shogo Kayano, M. Nishijima, Keisuke Kobayashi, T. Nanba, Taku Tsujimura","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.261","url":null,"abstract":"NiO and CeO 2 were prepared via flame spray pyrolysis. The specific surface area and total pore volume were 251 m 2 g –1 and 2.3 cm 3 g –1 for NiO and 338 m 2 g –1 and 3.3 cm 3 g –1 for CeO 2 , respectively. The high porosity and surface area of the NiO allowed deposition of small CeO 2 particles ( 〜 5 nm) by the impregnation of cerium acetate monohydrate. The particles were reduced using 5 % H 2 at 500 °C for 1 h which converted NiO to metallic Ni. During the reduction, the growth of Ni particles was hindered by CeO 2 particles. Consequently, the Ni size was relatively small ( 〜 20 nm) despite the extremely high Ni content (80 wt%), as observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, incorporation of Ni using nickel acetate tetrahydrate into the CeO 2 support resulted in formation of inhomogeneous Ni particles (20-100 nm) after H 2 reduction. H 2 chemisorption measurement showed the surface area of Ni particles in the former catalyst was 13.7 m 2 g –1 , which was 2.4 times larger than that in the latter catalyst. The former catalyst exhibited remarkable performance for CO 2 methanation (47 % CO 2 conversion at 250 °C), 2 times higher than in the latter catalyst.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83217538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatty acid methyl esters, which are used as biodiesel, can be produced by methyl esterification of fatty acids in supercritical methanol. However, in a reverse reaction, methyl esters are hydrolyzed to regenerate fatty acids due to the presence of water, which is produced by the esterification reaction, making it difficult to reduce the fatty acid content sufficiently. In this study, oleic acid was treated in supercritical methanol at 310 °C/20 MPa with a flow-type reactor by adding methyl formate to improve the yield of methyl ester. As a result, adding methyl formate improved the methyl ester yield approximately from 90 to 95 wt% compared with the treatment using methanol only. Methyl formate was hydrolyzed instead of fatty acid methyl esters, producing formic acid and methanol. Formic acid can be decomposed into gases such as H2 and CO2 by thermal decomposition in supercritical methanol. As these reactions consume water, removing it from the reaction system, the reaction equilibrium was considered to be shifted in the direction to improve the methyl ester yield.
{"title":"Methyl Esterification of Oleic Acid in Supercritical Methanol with Methyl Formate","authors":"E. Minami, H. Kawamoto","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.188","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acid methyl esters, which are used as biodiesel, can be produced by methyl esterification of fatty acids in supercritical methanol. However, in a reverse reaction, methyl esters are hydrolyzed to regenerate fatty acids due to the presence of water, which is produced by the esterification reaction, making it difficult to reduce the fatty acid content sufficiently. In this study, oleic acid was treated in supercritical methanol at 310 °C/20 MPa with a flow-type reactor by adding methyl formate to improve the yield of methyl ester. As a result, adding methyl formate improved the methyl ester yield approximately from 90 to 95 wt% compared with the treatment using methanol only. Methyl formate was hydrolyzed instead of fatty acid methyl esters, producing formic acid and methanol. Formic acid can be decomposed into gases such as H2 and CO2 by thermal decomposition in supercritical methanol. As these reactions consume water, removing it from the reaction system, the reaction equilibrium was considered to be shifted in the direction to improve the methyl ester yield.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72990401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a dual fluidized bed gasifier suitable for gasification of lignite, tar is generated as the raw material is gasified because the gasification reaction has at 1073-1173 K, which is a relatively low temperature, and there is a problem such as tar adhering to the piping of the cooling system in the subsequent stage. In this study, in order to reduce tar in the gasification of lignite, porous alumina particles were applied as a tar adsorbent to the upper stage of a laboratory-scale two-stage fluidized bed gasifier, and the gasification characteristics of the produced gas and the tar components were analyzed and its effect was investigated. From the analysis results of tar components using gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and field desorption mass spectrometry (FD-MS), the tar components obtained under the respective gasification conditions of pyrolysis and steam were almost no difference, and the main components of tar were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons without substituents. It was also found that the main components of tar can be sufficiently identified by GC/MS analysis alone. The application of the porous alumina particles increased the gas yields due to the cracking effect of tar. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the gas yields increased under the steam gasification condition rather than pyrolysis condition, and the gasification reactions were promoted by steam. From these results, it is considered that the porous alumina particles are effective in reducing tar, and as a reformer using this, a dual-type reformer capable of using the tar adsorbent for a long period of time is suitable.
{"title":"Effect of Tar-adsorbing Particles on Tar Components Generated by Lignite Gasification in a Fluidized Bed Gasifier","authors":"T. Murakami","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.197","url":null,"abstract":"In a dual fluidized bed gasifier suitable for gasification of lignite, tar is generated as the raw material is gasified because the gasification reaction has at 1073-1173 K, which is a relatively low temperature, and there is a problem such as tar adhering to the piping of the cooling system in the subsequent stage. In this study, in order to reduce tar in the gasification of lignite, porous alumina particles were applied as a tar adsorbent to the upper stage of a laboratory-scale two-stage fluidized bed gasifier, and the gasification characteristics of the produced gas and the tar components were analyzed and its effect was investigated. From the analysis results of tar components using gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and field desorption mass spectrometry (FD-MS), the tar components obtained under the respective gasification conditions of pyrolysis and steam were almost no difference, and the main components of tar were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons without substituents. It was also found that the main components of tar can be sufficiently identified by GC/MS analysis alone. The application of the porous alumina particles increased the gas yields due to the cracking effect of tar. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the gas yields increased under the steam gasification condition rather than pyrolysis condition, and the gasification reactions were promoted by steam. From these results, it is considered that the porous alumina particles are effective in reducing tar, and as a reformer using this, a dual-type reformer capable of using the tar adsorbent for a long period of time is suitable.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90465623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen is currently considered to be an alternative source energy to fossil fuels, which are the cause of excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen has a high energy density and can be easily produced by electrolysis of water using electric energy derived from renewable energy, so has high potential as a renewable energy source. However, hydrogen is a gas at normal temperature and pressure, so presents problems with storage and transportation, and techniques for overcoming these disadvantages are being actively researched1). One technology for storing and transporting hydrogen is the hydrogen carrier that contains a hydrogen atom in the molecule which can be released as hydrogen molecules by chemical reaction. Candidate substances that can be used as hydrogen carriers include ammonia2), organic hydride3),4), and hydrogen storage alloys5),6). Formate is one of the most promising candidates for a hydrogen carrier material. Formic acid is a liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure, and formic acid with a concentration of 90 % or less does not fall under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law in Japan. Furthermore, an aqueous solution of formic acid of less than 78 % does not fall under the category of dangerous goods under the Fire Service Act of Japanese Law and is easy to handle, is less toxic, and contains 4.3 wt% hydrogen in the formic acid molecule. These characteristics of formic acid as a hydrogen carrier are very suitable for safe storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Use of formic acid as a hydrogen carrier requires in[Regular Paper]
{"title":"Mechanistic Study of Hydrogen Production Based on the Formate Decomposition with Platinum Nanoparticles Dispersed by Polyvinylpyrrolidone","authors":"Yusuke Minami, Y. Amao","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.203","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is currently considered to be an alternative source energy to fossil fuels, which are the cause of excessive carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen has a high energy density and can be easily produced by electrolysis of water using electric energy derived from renewable energy, so has high potential as a renewable energy source. However, hydrogen is a gas at normal temperature and pressure, so presents problems with storage and transportation, and techniques for overcoming these disadvantages are being actively researched1). One technology for storing and transporting hydrogen is the hydrogen carrier that contains a hydrogen atom in the molecule which can be released as hydrogen molecules by chemical reaction. Candidate substances that can be used as hydrogen carriers include ammonia2), organic hydride3),4), and hydrogen storage alloys5),6). Formate is one of the most promising candidates for a hydrogen carrier material. Formic acid is a liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure, and formic acid with a concentration of 90 % or less does not fall under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law in Japan. Furthermore, an aqueous solution of formic acid of less than 78 % does not fall under the category of dangerous goods under the Fire Service Act of Japanese Law and is easy to handle, is less toxic, and contains 4.3 wt% hydrogen in the formic acid molecule. These characteristics of formic acid as a hydrogen carrier are very suitable for safe storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Use of formic acid as a hydrogen carrier requires in[Regular Paper]","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82071720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are important alternatives to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, AEMFCs involve slow hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on the anode. Catalysts to improve the HOR were developed by control of ruthenium nanoparticle size, alloying ruthenium with iridium, and surface modification of metal nanoparticles, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity by optimizing hydrogen binding energy and bifunctionality of the catalyst surface. Here, the recent development of anode catalysts for AEMFCs is reviewed.
{"title":"Improvement of Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Ruthenium-based Nanoparticle Catalysts","authors":"Junya Ohyama, A. Satsuma","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.166","url":null,"abstract":"Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are important alternatives to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, AEMFCs involve slow hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on the anode. Catalysts to improve the HOR were developed by control of ruthenium nanoparticle size, alloying ruthenium with iridium, and surface modification of metal nanoparticles, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity by optimizing hydrogen binding energy and bifunctionality of the catalyst surface. Here, the recent development of anode catalysts for AEMFCs is reviewed.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76023519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Nagasaki, Yuya Suzuki, T. Fujimoto, Hayato Saito, Toshihito Suzuki, Shigeyuki Watanabe
Reducing fermentation periods and increasing ethanol productivity are cost effective for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Increasing the density of cells for fermentation typically increases ethanol productivity, but also increases the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2) in the fermented broth. Such accumulated dCO2 sometimes reduces ethanol production. The Continuous Chemostat Fermentation (CCF) process utilizing high density of Candida intermedia 4-6-4T2 with and without air sparging was evaluated for the effect on ethanol production and rapid fermentation using 24-h cycles. Synthetic fermentation solution without nitrogen sources containing 20 g/L xylose and 30 g/L glucose plus 5 g/L acetic acid as fermentation inhibitor was supplemented into a culture vessel at 15 mL/h, and fermented broth was recovered from the same flask at 15 mL/h. Various conditions were tested to reduce the accumulated dCO2 in the fermented broth, but air sparging at 0.056 vvm was the most effective for ethanol production in the CCF process. For the 24-h startup-batch and 6-cycle CCF process (144 h), the ethanol yield was 0.4 g/g and the cell density of the used C. intermedia 4-6-4T2 for one cycle was one-third compared to that of sequential batch fermentation.
{"title":"Effect of Air Sparging on Ethanol Production from Xylose and Glucose in Continuous Chemostat Fermentation Process Utilizing High Cell Density of Candida intermedia 4-6-4T2","authors":"H. Nagasaki, Yuya Suzuki, T. Fujimoto, Hayato Saito, Toshihito Suzuki, Shigeyuki Watanabe","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.178","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing fermentation periods and increasing ethanol productivity are cost effective for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Increasing the density of cells for fermentation typically increases ethanol productivity, but also increases the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2) in the fermented broth. Such accumulated dCO2 sometimes reduces ethanol production. The Continuous Chemostat Fermentation (CCF) process utilizing high density of Candida intermedia 4-6-4T2 with and without air sparging was evaluated for the effect on ethanol production and rapid fermentation using 24-h cycles. Synthetic fermentation solution without nitrogen sources containing 20 g/L xylose and 30 g/L glucose plus 5 g/L acetic acid as fermentation inhibitor was supplemented into a culture vessel at 15 mL/h, and fermented broth was recovered from the same flask at 15 mL/h. Various conditions were tested to reduce the accumulated dCO2 in the fermented broth, but air sparging at 0.056 vvm was the most effective for ethanol production in the CCF process. For the 24-h startup-batch and 6-cycle CCF process (144 h), the ethanol yield was 0.4 g/g and the cell density of the used C. intermedia 4-6-4T2 for one cycle was one-third compared to that of sequential batch fermentation.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72511928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology for the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) is expected to gain importance in the near future. This review of studies describes the catalytic conversion of CO2 to chemically useful molecules. Catalysts have been used for the hydrosilylation of CO2, for the synthesis of formic acid (from hydrogen and CO2), for selective decomposition of formic acid to hydrogen and CO2, and for the synthesis of urea from ammonium ions and CO2. These catalytic systems will facilitate the sustainable recycling of CO2.
{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Utilization by Using Organic or Metal Catalysts","authors":"Yuichi Manaka","doi":"10.1627/JPI.64.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1627/JPI.64.172","url":null,"abstract":"Technology for the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) is expected to gain importance in the near future. This review of studies describes the catalytic conversion of CO2 to chemically useful molecules. Catalysts have been used for the hydrosilylation of CO2, for the synthesis of formic acid (from hydrogen and CO2), for selective decomposition of formic acid to hydrogen and CO2, and for the synthesis of urea from ammonium ions and CO2. These catalytic systems will facilitate the sustainable recycling of CO2.","PeriodicalId":17362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86830151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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