Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-6
Kristijan Slačanac, Nenad Žugaj
Purpose: The main goal of this research was to establish differences in self-assessment of preparedness of Greco-Roman wrestlers in different age groups before a competition. Methods: The sample of subjects consisted of Greco-Roman wrestlers (n=223) divided into three age groups (cadets n=76; juniors n=69; seniors n=78). Self-assessment of prepared-ness was determined immediately before oficial weighing (approximately 16 hours before oficial weighing) using a survey questionnaire on the Likert scale of 1 to 5. Descriptive sta-tistic parameters were present. The wrestlers’success was determined by analysis of oficial bulletin from national championships. The correlation between self-assessment of prepar-edness and success was determined by a linear regression analysis. Statistically significant differences between the groups were determined by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Most cadets (35.5% of subjects) estimate that they are completely prepared for a competition comparing to juniors. Seniors and juniors carefully evaluated preparedness for a competition. Seniors (42.3% of subjects) estimate that they are somewhat prepared, while juniors (43.5% of subjects) estimate that they are highly prepared for a competition. Furthermore, results of linear regression indicate relation (R = 0.203; p = 0.002) between self-assessment and success of Greco-Roman wrestlers. In addition, statistically significant differences between cadets and juniors (p = 0.033) were confirmed as well as between ca-dets and seniors (p = 0.001) in variable self-assessment of preparedness for a competition. Conclusion: Statistically significant relation between self-assessment and success indicates that wrestlers with a high level of self-assessment have better success as well as self-confi-dence in wrestling competition. The differences between age groups of Greco-Roman wres-tlers in variable self-assessment of preparedness emphasize importance of realistic and achievable goals in young age groups of wrestlers. Setting unrealistic goals can lead to frustrations or giving up on practicing wrestling. Therefore, individual approach to the mental preparedness of young wrestlers before a competition is very important, especially setting and realization of achievable goals. In this way, positive experience from a competition will raise the level of self-confidence in young age wrestlers.
{"title":"Differences In Self-Assessment Of Preparedness Of Wrestlers Before Competition","authors":"Kristijan Slačanac, Nenad Žugaj","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The main goal of this research was to establish differences in self-assessment of preparedness of Greco-Roman wrestlers in different age groups before a competition. Methods: The sample of subjects consisted of Greco-Roman wrestlers (n=223) divided into three age groups (cadets n=76; juniors n=69; seniors n=78). Self-assessment of prepared-ness was determined immediately before oficial weighing (approximately 16 hours before oficial weighing) using a survey questionnaire on the Likert scale of 1 to 5. Descriptive sta-tistic parameters were present. The wrestlers’success was determined by analysis of oficial bulletin from national championships. The correlation between self-assessment of prepar-edness and success was determined by a linear regression analysis. Statistically significant differences between the groups were determined by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Most cadets (35.5% of subjects) estimate that they are completely prepared for a competition comparing to juniors. Seniors and juniors carefully evaluated preparedness for a competition. Seniors (42.3% of subjects) estimate that they are somewhat prepared, while juniors (43.5% of subjects) estimate that they are highly prepared for a competition. Furthermore, results of linear regression indicate relation (R = 0.203; p = 0.002) between self-assessment and success of Greco-Roman wrestlers. In addition, statistically significant differences between cadets and juniors (p = 0.033) were confirmed as well as between ca-dets and seniors (p = 0.001) in variable self-assessment of preparedness for a competition. Conclusion: Statistically significant relation between self-assessment and success indicates that wrestlers with a high level of self-assessment have better success as well as self-confi-dence in wrestling competition. The differences between age groups of Greco-Roman wres-tlers in variable self-assessment of preparedness emphasize importance of realistic and achievable goals in young age groups of wrestlers. Setting unrealistic goals can lead to frustrations or giving up on practicing wrestling. Therefore, individual approach to the mental preparedness of young wrestlers before a competition is very important, especially setting and realization of achievable goals. In this way, positive experience from a competition will raise the level of self-confidence in young age wrestlers.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127300418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-19
Tonći Modrić, Šime Veršić, Nikola Foretić
Global popularity of football (soccer) has led to implementation of scientific and technolog-ical knowledge in its everyday use. One of such things that has been expanding in recent years is the application of various technologies for monitoring running performance during trainings and matches. The aim of this study was to evaluate match running performance of professional football/soccer players during oficial matches by using global positioning sys-tem (GPS) technology, and to compare it among playing positions. One hundred and one match performance of “Hajduk” team in 14 matches of Croatian Football League season 2018/2019 were used for this study. The activities of the players were monitored using GPS technology (Catapult S5 and X4 devices, Melbourne, Australia) with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. Total distance covered, distance in different speed cat-egories, total and high intensity accelerations and decelerations were analyzed for players in five different playing positions: central defenders (n=26), full-backs (n=24), midfielders (n=33), wingers (n=10), and forwards (n=8). Additionally, running performances were cor-related with InStat index, regular performance indicator which is calculated on the basis of unique set of key parameters for each position (12 to 14 factors). Average total distance covered during match was 10.3 km, with midfielders covering larg-est (11.1 km) and central backs covering smallest average distance (9.3 km). Playing po-sitions differed significantly in high intensity running (F-test = 21.97 and 18.84, p 25 km/h, respectively). The side positions (wingers and full-backs) covered highest-, while central defenders covered lowest-average distance (914, 775, and 376 m, respectively). The wingers had highest number of high intensity accelerations and decelerations (> 3 m/s2; F-test = 16.56 and 17.98, p 0.5 m/s2; F-test = 6.57, and 15.26, p < 0.01, respectively). InStat index was not correlated with data ob-tained by GPS measurement. Results from this study indicate that running demands differ depending on playing positions so these findings should be applied in creating training plan and program. Future studies should evaluate data from multiple teams for getting more applicable findings.
{"title":"Match running performance in relation to a playing position in Croatian Football League","authors":"Tonći Modrić, Šime Veršić, Nikola Foretić","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-19","url":null,"abstract":"Global popularity of football (soccer) has led to implementation of scientific and technolog-ical knowledge in its everyday use. One of such things that has been expanding in recent years is the application of various technologies for monitoring running performance during trainings and matches. The aim of this study was to evaluate match running performance of professional football/soccer players during oficial matches by using global positioning sys-tem (GPS) technology, and to compare it among playing positions. One hundred and one match performance of “Hajduk” team in 14 matches of Croatian Football League season 2018/2019 were used for this study. The activities of the players were monitored using GPS technology (Catapult S5 and X4 devices, Melbourne, Australia) with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz. Total distance covered, distance in different speed cat-egories, total and high intensity accelerations and decelerations were analyzed for players in five different playing positions: central defenders (n=26), full-backs (n=24), midfielders (n=33), wingers (n=10), and forwards (n=8). Additionally, running performances were cor-related with InStat index, regular performance indicator which is calculated on the basis of unique set of key parameters for each position (12 to 14 factors). Average total distance covered during match was 10.3 km, with midfielders covering larg-est (11.1 km) and central backs covering smallest average distance (9.3 km). Playing po-sitions differed significantly in high intensity running (F-test = 21.97 and 18.84, p 25 km/h, respectively). The side positions (wingers and full-backs) covered highest-, while central defenders covered lowest-average distance (914, 775, and 376 m, respectively). The wingers had highest number of high intensity accelerations and decelerations (> 3 m/s2; F-test = 16.56 and 17.98, p 0.5 m/s2; F-test = 6.57, and 15.26, p < 0.01, respectively). InStat index was not correlated with data ob-tained by GPS measurement. Results from this study indicate that running demands differ depending on playing positions so these findings should be applied in creating training plan and program. Future studies should evaluate data from multiple teams for getting more applicable findings.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122731092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-28
Pavol Čech, P. Ružbarský
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) performed at recommended levels is associated with mul-tiple health benefits. However, as indicated by the available studies, the volume of habitual physical activity of children continuously decreases. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between physical activity per-formed by school-age population and indicators of motor performance and body composition. Methods: The research group consisted of 144 students of the primary school assigned into groups according to the years of study (first, fifth and eighth-year students). The amount of physical activity was examined through a non-direct method, using Fels PAQ, recording four scores, namely sport index, leisure index, work (chore) index and total score. Body composition was tested using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). Motor performance was assessed in four categories. Endurance and strength endurance were assessed using Jacik’s motor test; strength abilities were measured using a hand grip test; speed abilities were tested in linear sprints at 5 and 10 meters and in the test of speed with changes of direction at 4 x 10 m and, finally, explosive strength was assessed from results of the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and 10-second repeated jumps tests. The strength of association between the selected factors was determined from the results using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: The amount of physical activity was mainly associated with the indicators of active body mass (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass) in all age categories. Low association was found in the parameters of adipose tissue (body fat percentage, visceral fat level). When assessing the strength of association between the characteristics of motor performance and physical activity performed, we observed various courses of associations, based on which it is not possible to determine the tendency. When assessing the relationship between the amount of physical activity and motor performance of students regardless of age, we found medium association only with indicators of strength abilities (hand grip test) and characteris-tics of speed abilities. Conclusions: The results are not explicit but they point to some tendencies in relationships between habitual physical performance and body composition indicators. With respect to mo-tor performance, it is not possible to consider these results decisive; therefore, further data collection and more accurate assessment of relationships are necessary.
{"title":"Relationships between physical activity, motor performance and body composition in school-age children","authors":"Pavol Čech, P. Ružbarský","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Physical activity (PA) performed at recommended levels is associated with mul-tiple health benefits. However, as indicated by the available studies, the volume of habitual physical activity of children continuously decreases. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between physical activity per-formed by school-age population and indicators of motor performance and body composition. Methods: The research group consisted of 144 students of the primary school assigned into groups according to the years of study (first, fifth and eighth-year students). The amount of physical activity was examined through a non-direct method, using Fels PAQ, recording four scores, namely sport index, leisure index, work (chore) index and total score. Body composition was tested using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). Motor performance was assessed in four categories. Endurance and strength endurance were assessed using Jacik’s motor test; strength abilities were measured using a hand grip test; speed abilities were tested in linear sprints at 5 and 10 meters and in the test of speed with changes of direction at 4 x 10 m and, finally, explosive strength was assessed from results of the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and 10-second repeated jumps tests. The strength of association between the selected factors was determined from the results using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: The amount of physical activity was mainly associated with the indicators of active body mass (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass) in all age categories. Low association was found in the parameters of adipose tissue (body fat percentage, visceral fat level). When assessing the strength of association between the characteristics of motor performance and physical activity performed, we observed various courses of associations, based on which it is not possible to determine the tendency. When assessing the relationship between the amount of physical activity and motor performance of students regardless of age, we found medium association only with indicators of strength abilities (hand grip test) and characteris-tics of speed abilities. Conclusions: The results are not explicit but they point to some tendencies in relationships between habitual physical performance and body composition indicators. With respect to mo-tor performance, it is not possible to consider these results decisive; therefore, further data collection and more accurate assessment of relationships are necessary.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128311674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-38
J. Juříková
Moderate and systematic physical activity during pregnancy is not only safe, but it also brings numerous health benefits, such as metabolic acceleration, lower risk of hypertension in preg-nancy, prevention of swelling due to water retention within the body, reduction of premature birth, it also shortens and facilitates the childbirth and lower the risk of postpartum compli-cations improves well-being and accelerates return to original physical condition after the child is born. Rather than regular exercises, however, it is a physical inactivity that brings risks. Some women are aware of this and they keep various physical activities during the pregnancy, on the other hand there exists a group of pregnant women who are afraid of doing exercises at all. This study attempts to define what are suitable activities during pregnancy, and find the reasons for pregnant women to perform and also not to perform physical activ-ities. Survey was carried out in a group of pregnant women, the information concerning their attitude towards physical activities have been obtained by a questionnaire method. Question-naires were anonymous and were submitted by 107 pregnant women. Results revealed that 63.6% of women spent their leisure time during pregnancy in an active way. Most of them reported that they are suficiently informed; they mainly used the Internet to seek information. Pregnant women typically perform their pastime physical activity at home, alone (usually with DVD) or outdoor – walking alone or with a dog, which is even more beneficial, since the dog gives a brisk pace of the walk. Concerning the frequency of physical activity, most women stated the frequency of 2 – 3 times a week. Women, who do not perform any physical activity at all, usually refer to lack of time and energy, frequent nausea, back aches and other health problems. Some women feel like doing an activity, but to perform it, they would need a stim-ulus and/or more information on suitable activities for pregnant women. Some women also pointed to lack of information concerning proper physical activities during pregnancy, hence they are afraid that choosing the wrong type or intensity of exercise they might injure either themselves or their unborn child.
{"title":"Attitude Towards Physical Activities In A Group Of Pregnant Women","authors":"J. Juříková","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-38","url":null,"abstract":"Moderate and systematic physical activity during pregnancy is not only safe, but it also brings numerous health benefits, such as metabolic acceleration, lower risk of hypertension in preg-nancy, prevention of swelling due to water retention within the body, reduction of premature birth, it also shortens and facilitates the childbirth and lower the risk of postpartum compli-cations improves well-being and accelerates return to original physical condition after the child is born. Rather than regular exercises, however, it is a physical inactivity that brings risks. Some women are aware of this and they keep various physical activities during the pregnancy, on the other hand there exists a group of pregnant women who are afraid of doing exercises at all. This study attempts to define what are suitable activities during pregnancy, and find the reasons for pregnant women to perform and also not to perform physical activ-ities. Survey was carried out in a group of pregnant women, the information concerning their attitude towards physical activities have been obtained by a questionnaire method. Question-naires were anonymous and were submitted by 107 pregnant women. Results revealed that 63.6% of women spent their leisure time during pregnancy in an active way. Most of them reported that they are suficiently informed; they mainly used the Internet to seek information. Pregnant women typically perform their pastime physical activity at home, alone (usually with DVD) or outdoor – walking alone or with a dog, which is even more beneficial, since the dog gives a brisk pace of the walk. Concerning the frequency of physical activity, most women stated the frequency of 2 – 3 times a week. Women, who do not perform any physical activity at all, usually refer to lack of time and energy, frequent nausea, back aches and other health problems. Some women feel like doing an activity, but to perform it, they would need a stim-ulus and/or more information on suitable activities for pregnant women. Some women also pointed to lack of information concerning proper physical activities during pregnancy, hence they are afraid that choosing the wrong type or intensity of exercise they might injure either themselves or their unborn child.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125675395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-24
A. Akelaitis
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the 16 weeks educational program of emotional skills in physical education classes on development of emotional skills among 15–16-year-old adolescents in physical education classes. Study hy-pothesis – the application of 16 weeks educational program would allow expecting more de-veloped emotional skills among 15–16-year-old adolescents in physical education classes. Subjects and methods: Participants in the study were 51 pupils of the ninth grade (15.15±0.36). Experimental group consisted of 25 and the control group of 26 adolescents. The measures of emotional skills were evaluated using Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIQue – SF), Social Emotional School Readiness Scale (BUSSESR), and self-confidence methodology, developed by Stolin (Пантилеев, Столин, 1989). Educational experiment was used as a method to verify the eficiency of the educational program. Repeated measures (RM) multivariate analysis of variance (2 × 2 (Group × Time) MANOVA) was used in order to analyze the effects of the educational program. Results: After the 16-weeks educational program (structural physical education classes), a significant improvement was found in emotional skills scores for the experimental group compared with the control group, which had a statistically significant effects: adolescents in the experimental group had more developed self-awareness (F (1,49) = 5.86; p < .05; η 2 = .11), self-confidence (F (1,49) = 5.28; p < .05; η 2 = .10) skills, and the abilities to express emotions (F (1,49) = 5.95; p < .05; η 2 = .11) in physical education classes. These results indi-cated that the structural physical education classes had a positive influence on adolescents’ emotional skills. Conclusions: It was found that during the 16 weeks educational experiment the applied mea-sures of educational impact had a statistically significant effect on the components of exper-imental group 15–16-year-old adolescents’ self-awareness, self-confidence skills, and the abilities to express emotions in physical education classes.
{"title":"Development Of Emotional Skills Among 15–16-Year-Old Adolescents In Physical Education Classes","authors":"A. Akelaitis","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the 16 weeks educational program of emotional skills in physical education classes on development of emotional skills among 15–16-year-old adolescents in physical education classes. Study hy-pothesis – the application of 16 weeks educational program would allow expecting more de-veloped emotional skills among 15–16-year-old adolescents in physical education classes. Subjects and methods: Participants in the study were 51 pupils of the ninth grade (15.15±0.36). Experimental group consisted of 25 and the control group of 26 adolescents. The measures of emotional skills were evaluated using Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Short Form (TEIQue – SF), Social Emotional School Readiness Scale (BUSSESR), and self-confidence methodology, developed by Stolin (Пантилеев, Столин, 1989). Educational experiment was used as a method to verify the eficiency of the educational program. Repeated measures (RM) multivariate analysis of variance (2 × 2 (Group × Time) MANOVA) was used in order to analyze the effects of the educational program. Results: After the 16-weeks educational program (structural physical education classes), a significant improvement was found in emotional skills scores for the experimental group compared with the control group, which had a statistically significant effects: adolescents in the experimental group had more developed self-awareness (F (1,49) = 5.86; p < .05; η 2 = .11), self-confidence (F (1,49) = 5.28; p < .05; η 2 = .10) skills, and the abilities to express emotions (F (1,49) = 5.95; p < .05; η 2 = .11) in physical education classes. These results indi-cated that the structural physical education classes had a positive influence on adolescents’ emotional skills. Conclusions: It was found that during the 16 weeks educational experiment the applied mea-sures of educational impact had a statistically significant effect on the components of exper-imental group 15–16-year-old adolescents’ self-awareness, self-confidence skills, and the abilities to express emotions in physical education classes.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131387278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-39
N. Zenić, Admir Terzic, Ivan Kvesic
Purpose: Physical activity levels (PA-levels) significantly decline during adolescence, and sport participation during childhood and adolescence is frequently emphasized as protec-tive factors of PA-decline. However, there is a lack of studies which specifically examined sport-related factors and its influence on changes in PA (PA-changes) in adolescence. This study aimed to prospectively observe sport factors as: (i) correlates of PA-levels and (ii) pre-dictors of PA-changes in the period between 16 and 18 years of age among urban adoles-cents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The sample of participants comprised 324 adolescents (44% females) who were prospectively observed over two testing waves: (i) baseline, when participants were 16 years old; and (ii) follow-up, 20 months later (18 years of age). The variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires including questions on predictors (sociodemographic variables and various sport factors [current/former/ever participation in individual and team sports, experience in sports, competitive result achieved]), and criteria (PA level obtained at study baseline and follow up, measured by Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents [PAQ-A], and difference between PA-levels at baseline and follow-up). The t-test was used to compare PA-levels. The associations between variables were evidenced by: (i) Spear-man’s rank order correlations (between predictors and PA-levels), and (ii) logistic regression analysis (between predictors, and PA-changes observed as binomial criterion [PA-incline vs. PA-decline] – excluding those participants who reported active sport participation at study baseline). Results: The PA-level significantly declined over the study course (t-test: 6.60, p < 0.01). Sport-related predictors were significantly associated with PA at baseline (Spearman’s R: 0.33–0.45, p < 0.01), and PAat follow-up (Spearman’s R: 0.32-0.45, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between studied predictors and differences in PA-levels between baseline and follow-up. Also, logistic regression did not reveal any significant influ-ence of predictors obtained at study baseline and PA-changes observed as binomial criterion (PA-incline vs PA-decline). Conclusion: While studied sport-related predictors significantly influence the PA-levels in the age of 16 and 18, with the higher level of PA among those adolescents who are actively in-volved in sports, sport-participation do not predict changes in PA-levels over the observed period of life. Knowing the influence of PAon overall health status, future studies should pro-vide additional details on possible predictors of PA-changes in adolescence.
目的:身体活动水平(pa -水平)在青春期显著下降，儿童和青少年时期的体育参与经常被强调为pa -下降的保护因素。然而，缺乏专门研究运动相关因素及其对青少年PA变化的影响。本研究旨在前瞻性地观察运动因素(i)与波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市青少年16 - 18岁期间pa水平的相关性和(ii) pa变化的预测因子。方法:参与者样本包括324名青少年(44%为女性)，他们通过两个测试波进行前瞻性观察:(i)基线时，参与者16岁;(ii)随访，20个月后(18岁)。变量通过先前验证的问卷收集，包括预测因素(社会人口学变量和各种运动因素[目前/以前/曾经参加个人和团体运动，体育经验，竞技成绩])和标准(研究基线和随访时获得的PA水平，通过青少年体育活动问卷[PAQ-A]测量，基线和随访时PA水平的差异)。采用t检验比较pa水平。变量之间的关联通过以下方法得到证明:(i) spearman秩序相关性(预测因子与pa水平之间)，以及(ii)逻辑回归分析(预测因子与作为二项标准观察到的pa变化之间[pa -倾向vs. pa -下降]-排除那些在研究基线时报告积极运动参与的参与者)。结果:pa水平在研究过程中显著下降(t检验:6.60,p < 0.01)。运动相关预测因子与基线PA (Spearman’s R: 0.33-0.45, p < 0.01)和PAat随访(Spearman’s R: 0.32-0.45, p < 0.01)显著相关。同时，所研究的预测因子与基线与随访之间pa水平差异无显著相关性。此外，逻辑回归没有显示在研究基线获得的预测因子和作为二项标准观察到的pa变化(pa -倾斜vs pa -下降)有任何显著影响。结论:虽然所研究的运动相关预测因素对16岁和18岁青少年的PA水平有显著影响，但积极参与体育运动的青少年PA水平较高，体育参与并不能预测PA水平在观察生命期间的变化。了解了paa对整体健康状况的影响，未来的研究应该提供更多关于青春期paa变化可能预测因素的细节。
{"title":"Determinants of changes in physical activity levels in late adolescence; prospective analysis in urban communities","authors":"N. Zenić, Admir Terzic, Ivan Kvesic","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-39","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Physical activity levels (PA-levels) significantly decline during adolescence, and sport participation during childhood and adolescence is frequently emphasized as protec-tive factors of PA-decline. However, there is a lack of studies which specifically examined sport-related factors and its influence on changes in PA (PA-changes) in adolescence. This study aimed to prospectively observe sport factors as: (i) correlates of PA-levels and (ii) pre-dictors of PA-changes in the period between 16 and 18 years of age among urban adoles-cents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The sample of participants comprised 324 adolescents (44% females) who were prospectively observed over two testing waves: (i) baseline, when participants were 16 years old; and (ii) follow-up, 20 months later (18 years of age). The variables were collected by previously validated questionnaires including questions on predictors (sociodemographic variables and various sport factors [current/former/ever participation in individual and team sports, experience in sports, competitive result achieved]), and criteria (PA level obtained at study baseline and follow up, measured by Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents [PAQ-A], and difference between PA-levels at baseline and follow-up). The t-test was used to compare PA-levels. The associations between variables were evidenced by: (i) Spear-man’s rank order correlations (between predictors and PA-levels), and (ii) logistic regression analysis (between predictors, and PA-changes observed as binomial criterion [PA-incline vs. PA-decline] – excluding those participants who reported active sport participation at study baseline). Results: The PA-level significantly declined over the study course (t-test: 6.60, p < 0.01). Sport-related predictors were significantly associated with PA at baseline (Spearman’s R: 0.33–0.45, p < 0.01), and PAat follow-up (Spearman’s R: 0.32-0.45, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between studied predictors and differences in PA-levels between baseline and follow-up. Also, logistic regression did not reveal any significant influ-ence of predictors obtained at study baseline and PA-changes observed as binomial criterion (PA-incline vs PA-decline). Conclusion: While studied sport-related predictors significantly influence the PA-levels in the age of 16 and 18, with the higher level of PA among those adolescents who are actively in-volved in sports, sport-participation do not predict changes in PA-levels over the observed period of life. Knowing the influence of PAon overall health status, future studies should pro-vide additional details on possible predictors of PA-changes in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114616789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-44
G. Harčarik
In the opening the author describes the current situation in an armwrestling training. Based on the experiences and the study of literature he states that in practice there is almost no systematic guided training with a sparingpartner at a table. He perceives this as a problem. In the results he presents his own program HAST where he describes the individual training parametres. They are important for a quality training program with a sparingpartner at the armwrestling table. He points out the mistakes often made at the armwrestling training and he proposes suitable solutions within the scientifically based informations used in strength training. In the discussion he describes in detail the key parts of HAST and the experiences from the realization of this program with his trainees. In the end he states that the similar pro-gram should be a part of the preparation of armwrestlers and at the same time he adds that the scientific attesting is needed.
{"title":"Training System Hast For The Development Of Strength Abilities In Armwrestling","authors":"G. Harčarik","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-44","url":null,"abstract":"In the opening the author describes the current situation in an armwrestling training. Based on the experiences and the study of literature he states that in practice there is almost no systematic guided training with a sparingpartner at a table. He perceives this as a problem. In the results he presents his own program HAST where he describes the individual training parametres. They are important for a quality training program with a sparingpartner at the armwrestling table. He points out the mistakes often made at the armwrestling training and he proposes suitable solutions within the scientifically based informations used in strength training. In the discussion he describes in detail the key parts of HAST and the experiences from the realization of this program with his trainees. In the end he states that the similar pro-gram should be a part of the preparation of armwrestlers and at the same time he adds that the scientific attesting is needed.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"2002 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125752485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-54
Jan Jurečka, Tomáš Horáček
The main motivation for the research is a verification of applicability of the fitness test as a predictor for specific alpine skiing performance of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories. We want to verify if the results from the fitness test correspond with points for the performance in alpine skiing disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom). In total, 42 men and women (U14 and U16 categories), members of the Czech national team, participated in the research. Participants were grouped by gender (women n=21, age 14.23 (± 1.04), men n = 21, age 14.19 (± 1.07)). Fitness test consisted of six individual tests and was used as a tool to examine the level of motor abilities (jumping over the Swedish bench, shuttle run 4 × 10m, standing long jump, hurdles agility run - boomerang test, twist test, 20m shuttle run - beep test). Points for the performance in alpine skiing show the best result from a single competition transferred to the points. In our research we were looking for relationship between the points from three different disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom) and the results from the fitness test. In the men category we found high correlation (at the significance level of p ˂ 0.05) between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.73; r² = 0.53), between super giant slalom and boomerang test (r = 0.62, r² = 0.38) and between super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m (r = 0.61, r² = 0.37). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump test (r = -0.31, r² = 0.1), between slalom and twist test (r = -0.33, r² = 0.11) and between super giant slalom and twist test (r = -0.34, r² = 0.12). In women category we did not found high correlation (at the sig-nificance level of p ˂ 0.05). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump (r = -0.31, r² = 0.1), between giant slalom and twist test (r = 0.01, r² = 0.0001), between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.03, r² = 0.0009) and between slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m (r = -0.05, r² = 0.0025). Twist test had very small correlation in both men and women categories. We can say that it is not relevant for prediction of alpine skiing per-formance. Based on different significance of correlations between men and women (super giant slalom and standing long jump; slalom/super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m) it might be necessary to adjust fitness testing as a predictor of alpine skiing performance according to a gender.
{"title":"Relationship of the results from fitness test and points for performance in alpine skiing of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories in the season 2018/2019","authors":"Jan Jurečka, Tomáš Horáček","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-54","url":null,"abstract":"The main motivation for the research is a verification of applicability of the fitness test as a predictor for specific alpine skiing performance of the Czech national team of U14 and U16 categories. We want to verify if the results from the fitness test correspond with points for the performance in alpine skiing disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom). In total, 42 men and women (U14 and U16 categories), members of the Czech national team, participated in the research. Participants were grouped by gender (women n=21, age 14.23 (± 1.04), men n = 21, age 14.19 (± 1.07)). Fitness test consisted of six individual tests and was used as a tool to examine the level of motor abilities (jumping over the Swedish bench, shuttle run 4 × 10m, standing long jump, hurdles agility run - boomerang test, twist test, 20m shuttle run - beep test). Points for the performance in alpine skiing show the best result from a single competition transferred to the points. In our research we were looking for relationship between the points from three different disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom) and the results from the fitness test. In the men category we found high correlation (at the significance level of p ˂ 0.05) between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.73; r² = 0.53), between super giant slalom and boomerang test (r = 0.62, r² = 0.38) and between super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m (r = 0.61, r² = 0.37). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump test (r = -0.31, r² = 0.1), between slalom and twist test (r = -0.33, r² = 0.11) and between super giant slalom and twist test (r = -0.34, r² = 0.12). In women category we did not found high correlation (at the sig-nificance level of p ˂ 0.05). Small correlation was found between slalom and box jump (r = -0.31, r² = 0.1), between giant slalom and twist test (r = 0.01, r² = 0.0001), between super giant slalom and standing long jump (r = -0.03, r² = 0.0009) and between slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m (r = -0.05, r² = 0.0025). Twist test had very small correlation in both men and women categories. We can say that it is not relevant for prediction of alpine skiing per-formance. Based on different significance of correlations between men and women (super giant slalom and standing long jump; slalom/super giant slalom and shuttle run 4 × 10m) it might be necessary to adjust fitness testing as a predictor of alpine skiing performance according to a gender.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129839065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29
Aleš Sekot
An essay is rooted in the exploration of broader complex context of the phenomenon of phys-ical motion and sportive activities in contemporary sedentary society. It is at that time the topical problem of pointed parenting styles that is freshen and enliven in the context of edu-cational support aiming to active life orientation, including regular sportive activities. The spe-cific accents and educational methods of parenting are playing crucial role in this respect at the level of authoritative, authoritarian, liberal and neglecting styles (Sekot, 2019). Parenting styles prefiguring motivation of children to regular sportive activities and responsible attitude to life. And such process is going under way of socialization factors and impacts, bringing up to date the sociological links and context of mutual relation to motivation of children and youth to sport also in the context of organizational sportive activities out of the family. Now-adays we face forming socially and culturally determined relation child – parents – trainer (coach). Like this relation yields in the context of the climate of consumerist postmodern soci-ety adoring top elite athletes. Such cultural milieu forms potential conflicts of interests of mo-tivation, experience and pointing separate participants of such „triangle“. Given situation aim our effort to the crucial topic of parental responsibility as well as to growing educational and socialization importance of trainers and coaches. During the synergic process are pervaded practical aspects of the importance of age and motivation; but parental role is in this respect utterly essential and indispensable. Parental role is growing when parents play modelling role by way of mutual sportive activities with children. Thus, as it is in the essay substantiate with relevant research pieces of information and empirical data on parental role in motivation of children to regular physical activity and sport.
{"title":"Parents and their Children’s Sports","authors":"Aleš Sekot","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-29","url":null,"abstract":"An essay is rooted in the exploration of broader complex context of the phenomenon of phys-ical motion and sportive activities in contemporary sedentary society. It is at that time the topical problem of pointed parenting styles that is freshen and enliven in the context of edu-cational support aiming to active life orientation, including regular sportive activities. The spe-cific accents and educational methods of parenting are playing crucial role in this respect at the level of authoritative, authoritarian, liberal and neglecting styles (Sekot, 2019). Parenting styles prefiguring motivation of children to regular sportive activities and responsible attitude to life. And such process is going under way of socialization factors and impacts, bringing up to date the sociological links and context of mutual relation to motivation of children and youth to sport also in the context of organizational sportive activities out of the family. Now-adays we face forming socially and culturally determined relation child – parents – trainer (coach). Like this relation yields in the context of the climate of consumerist postmodern soci-ety adoring top elite athletes. Such cultural milieu forms potential conflicts of interests of mo-tivation, experience and pointing separate participants of such „triangle“. Given situation aim our effort to the crucial topic of parental responsibility as well as to growing educational and socialization importance of trainers and coaches. During the synergic process are pervaded practical aspects of the importance of age and motivation; but parental role is in this respect utterly essential and indispensable. Parental role is growing when parents play modelling role by way of mutual sportive activities with children. Thus, as it is in the essay substantiate with relevant research pieces of information and empirical data on parental role in motivation of children to regular physical activity and sport.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127336854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-21
Martina Bernaciková, J. Mazur, M. Sebera, Petr Hedbávný
Purpose: Many high performance and especially top athletes are still at risk or suffer from total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue (e.g. heart rate variability – HRV as a modern ob-jective method). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the HRV monitoring could be a complementary diagnostic tool for overreaching / overtraining in young athletes. Already introduced “classical” indicators of HRV, such as spectral performance and its density in the established frequency ranges, are a part of athlete monitoring in the scope of overreaching prevention We were monitoring the heart rate variability parameters at three different phases of the year-long training cycle and to find out whether in one of these phases we could find athletes showing symptoms of overreaching. Methods: 48 young athletes (33 boys 14.8 ± 1.5 years, 15 girls 14.9 ± 1.7 years) were involved in the study, consisting of 38 boys and 10 girls. There were 15 swimmers (with training volume 9x 1.5‒2 hours a week), 12 artistic gymnasts (with training volume 9x 2‒2.5 hours a week) and 21 badminton players (with training volume 4x weekly 1.5‒2 hours a week). Monitoring was carried out in athletes in three training periods: at the end of the transition period, at the end of the prepared period, at the end of the competition period. Measurements were carried out in the morning. The DiANS PF8 system was used to measure the heart rate variability, the measurements were performed at five-minute intervals: lying-standing-lying. Time and spectral parameters of HRV were monitored. Results: Results of HRV in three periods (HR + rMSSD in lying). Boys: HR (61 ± 8, 64 ± 7, 64 ± 8), rMSSD (85 ± 64; 80 ± 54; 88 ± 59), TS (-0.56 ± 1.53; -0.87 ± 1.4; -0.42 ± 1.44). Girls: HR (65 ± 8; 64 ± 7; 65 ± 8), rMSSD (74 ± 37; 79 ± 35; 83 ± 43), TS (-0.58 ± 1.57; -0.72 ± 1.35); -0.18 ± 0.18). Statistically significant differences (at the significance level = 0.05) among sports were found in Kruskal-Walls ANOVAby Ranks: boys in LF-standing, HF standing, FV, SVB and TS; girls in HF-lying, HF-standing, rMSSD, TP-lying, TP-standing, FV, VA and TS. Conclusion: Monitoring of heart rate variability seems to be a practical tool for prevention of overtraining even in young age. To monitor heart rate variability, we recommend monitoring these parameters: RR, rMSSD, VA, SVB, TS.
{"title":"Monitoring Heart Rate Variability As A Biomarker Of Fatigue In Young Athletes","authors":"Martina Bernaciková, J. Mazur, M. Sebera, Petr Hedbávný","doi":"10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-21","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Many high performance and especially top athletes are still at risk or suffer from total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue (e.g. heart rate variability – HRV as a modern ob-jective method). The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the HRV monitoring could be a complementary diagnostic tool for overreaching / overtraining in young athletes. Already introduced “classical” indicators of HRV, such as spectral performance and its density in the established frequency ranges, are a part of athlete monitoring in the scope of overreaching prevention We were monitoring the heart rate variability parameters at three different phases of the year-long training cycle and to find out whether in one of these phases we could find athletes showing symptoms of overreaching. Methods: 48 young athletes (33 boys 14.8 ± 1.5 years, 15 girls 14.9 ± 1.7 years) were involved in the study, consisting of 38 boys and 10 girls. There were 15 swimmers (with training volume 9x 1.5‒2 hours a week), 12 artistic gymnasts (with training volume 9x 2‒2.5 hours a week) and 21 badminton players (with training volume 4x weekly 1.5‒2 hours a week). Monitoring was carried out in athletes in three training periods: at the end of the transition period, at the end of the prepared period, at the end of the competition period. Measurements were carried out in the morning. The DiANS PF8 system was used to measure the heart rate variability, the measurements were performed at five-minute intervals: lying-standing-lying. Time and spectral parameters of HRV were monitored. Results: Results of HRV in three periods (HR + rMSSD in lying). Boys: HR (61 ± 8, 64 ± 7, 64 ± 8), rMSSD (85 ± 64; 80 ± 54; 88 ± 59), TS (-0.56 ± 1.53; -0.87 ± 1.4; -0.42 ± 1.44). Girls: HR (65 ± 8; 64 ± 7; 65 ± 8), rMSSD (74 ± 37; 79 ± 35; 83 ± 43), TS (-0.58 ± 1.57; -0.72 ± 1.35); -0.18 ± 0.18). Statistically significant differences (at the significance level = 0.05) among sports were found in Kruskal-Walls ANOVAby Ranks: boys in LF-standing, HF standing, FV, SVB and TS; girls in HF-lying, HF-standing, rMSSD, TP-lying, TP-standing, FV, VA and TS. Conclusion: Monitoring of heart rate variability seems to be a practical tool for prevention of overtraining even in young age. To monitor heart rate variability, we recommend monitoring these parameters: RR, rMSSD, VA, SVB, TS.","PeriodicalId":174451,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129988247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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