Journal of Urology最新文献

Purpose: Identification of pathogenic germline variants in patients with prostate cancer can help inform treatment selection, screening for secondary malignancies, and cascade testing. Limited real-world data are available on clinician recommendations following germline genetic testing in patients with prostate cancer.

Materials and methods: Patient data and clinician recommendations were collected from unselected patients with prostate cancer who underwent germline testing through the PROCLAIM trial. Differences among groups of patients were determined by 2-tailed Fisher's exact test with significance set at P < .05. Logistic regression was performed to assess the influence of test results in clinical decision-making while controlling for time of diagnosis (newly vs previously diagnosed).

Results: Among 982 patients, 100 (10%) were positive (≥1 pathogenic germline variant), 482 (49%) had uncertain results (≥1 variant of uncertain significance), and 400 (41%) were negative. Patients with positive results were significantly more likely than those with negative or uncertain results to receive recommendations for treatment changes (18% vs 1.4%, P < .001), follow-up changes (64% vs 11%, P < .001), and cascade testing (71% vs 5.4%, P < .001). Logistic regression demonstrated that positive and uncertain results were significantly associated with both changes to treatment and follow-up (P < .001) when controlling for new or previous diagnosis.

Conclusions: Germline genetic testing results informed clinical recommendations for patients with prostate cancer, especially in patients with positive results. Higher than anticipated rates of clinical management changes in patients with uncertain results highlight the need for increased genetic education of clinicians treating patients with prostate cancer.

Purpose: In 2023 the American Urological Association (AUA) requested an Update Literature Review (ULR) to incorporate new evidence generated since the 2020 publication of this Guideline. The resulting 2024 Guideline Amendment addresses updated recommendations to provide guidance on the appropriate evaluation and management of the male partner in an infertile couple.

Materials and methods: In 2023, the Male Infertility Guideline was updated through the AUA amendment process in which newly published literature is reviewed and integrated into previously published guidelines. An updated literature search identified 4093 new abstracts. Following initial abstract screening, 125 eligible study abstracts met inclusion criteria. On data extraction, 22 studies of interest were included in the final evidence base to inform the Guideline amendment.

Results: The Panel developed evidence- and consensus-based statements based on an updated review to provide guidance on evaluation and management of male infertility. These updates are detailed herein.

Conclusions: This update provides several new insights, including revised thresholds for Y-chromosome microdeletion testing, indications for pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging in infertile males, and guidance regarding the use of testicular sperm in nonazoospermic males. This Guideline will require further review as the diagnostic and treatment options in this space continue to evolve.

Purpose: Ureteroenteric strictures (UESs) are a common and morbid complication of radical cystectomy and urinary diversions. UES occurs in 4% to 25% of all patients undergoing urinary diversion, and anastomotic ischemia is implicated in stricture formation. SPY fluorescence angiography is a technology that can be employed during open surgery that allows for evaluation of ureteral perfusion.

Materials and methods: We performed a prospective single-institution study of intraoperative use of SPY for ureteral assessment with a primary outcome of UES incidence compared with a cohort of historic controls prior to the use of SPY during urinary diversion at our institution. Chart abstraction was conducted to determine the presence of confirmed stricture in these patients, defined as endoscopic diagnosis or definitive imaging findings. Statistical analysis was performed using χ² test for UES incidence. Demographic characteristics were analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ² test.

Results: A total of 332 patients underwent urinary diversion during the study period. UES occurred in 31 of 277 patients (11.1%) in the control group compared with 1 of 55 patients (1.8%) enrolled in the SPY arm (P = .03). The per-ureter UES rate was 6.7% (33/582) in the control group compared with 0.9% (1/107) in the SPY group. Median follow-up in the SPY group was 17.5 months and 58.6 months in the control group. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5 in the SPY group and 4 in the control group. There were no other significant demographic differences between the study groups.

Conclusions: SPY fluorescent angiography can be used during open urinary diversion to ensure perfusion to ureteroenteric anastomosis. Our single-institution study demonstrates a decreased incidence of UES when ureteral perfusion assessment is performed.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT05022199.

Purpose: Epididymal cyst lesions (ECLs) include both spermatoceles and epididymal cysts and are often incidentally found on physical exam or scrotal US (SUS). We aimed to determine the association of ECLs and semen parameters among men presenting for fertility evaluation.

Materials and methods: We reviewed men at our institution who had at least 1 semen analysis and SUS available for review between 2002 and 2022. SUS data included testicular measurements, presence or absence of subclinical varicocele, and size and laterality of ECL, if present. Demographic and clinical information including serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone and semen parameters were compared between men with and without ECLs.

Results: Among 861 men, 164 (19%) had unilateral right ECL (median 4 mm, interquartile range 3-8 mm), 189 (22%) had unilateral left ECL (median 4 mm, interquartile range 3-9 mm), and 113 (13%) had bilateral ECL. Patients with ECLs were significantly older than men without ECLs at the time of evaluation but had no statistically significant difference in semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm morphology, total motile sperm count, or serum hormonal values. Analysis of men with unilateral and bilateral ECLs showed that ECL size and laterality did not significantly correlate with any semen parameter evaluated.

Conclusions: We found no association between ECLs and semen parameters. Patients should be counseled toward conservative management with observation for asymptomatic ECLs in the setting of fertility evaluation.

Purpose: Enhanced histological detection of clinically significant prostate cancer is the goal of the prebiopsy imaging pathway. Risk stratification at a prebiopsy meeting can facilitate optimization of lesion targeting. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of cognitive registration, freehand transperineal prostate biopsy in a biopsy-naïve population following biparametric MRI for the detection of clinically significant disease (International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group ≥2).

Materials and methods: A consecutive series of biopsy-naïve men, prospectively recorded between July 2018 and March 2023, were risk-stratified at our prebiopsy meeting following biparametric MRI to undergo either target-only biopsy or target with systematic biopsy. Biopsies were routinely performed under local anesthesia and without antibiotic prophylaxis in the outpatient setting. Overall prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer detection were primary outcomes.

Results: Of 1251 biopsies, prostate cancer was detected in 84% and clinically significant disease in 70.6%. Prostate cancer and clinically significant disease were detected in 86.2% and 76.5% of target-only biopsies, respectively, and in 78.7% and 56.3% of target with systematic biopsies. Postbiopsy complication rate was 0.7%.

Conclusions: Prebiopsy biparametric MRI with risk stratification at a prebiopsy meeting in the setting of cognitive targeting and freehand transperineal prostate biopsy yielded a high detection of prostate cancer that is comparable to other studies. These data support the use of cognitive registration, freehand transperineal prostate biopsy as safe, feasible, and cost-effective.