Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1017/s0025315423000917
Neil D. Cook, Gina M. Clementi, Kathryn I. Flowers, Lanya Fanovich, Jo Cable, Sarah E. Perkins, Aljoscha Wothke, Ryan S. Mohammed, Demian D. Chapman
Sharks are scarce in much of the Caribbean due to widespread depletion. Trinidad and Tobago, in the southern Caribbean, is a shark meat consumer and international exporter of dried shark fins. Despite limited fisheries management there is a small Marine Protected Area (MPA; 7 km2) in urbanised southwest Tobago, but its effect on sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) is unknown. The rural northeast is a recently designated UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve with a significant marine component and plans for a large MPA, but no baseline data for elasmobranchs exist. Given the local importance of elasmobranchs and a newly drafted Sustainable Shark and Ray Management Plan, we used baited remote underwater video stations within a 40 m depth contour at 270 randomly generated points around Tobago to: (i) establish a baseline of species richness and relative abundance, (ii) investigate the influence of season, habitat relief, depth and water temperature on relative abundance, and (iii) investigate spatial variation in relative abundance. Caribbean reef sharks, nurse sharks, and southern stingrays were observed at all sites, the latter two more frequently in the urbanised southwest. Shark diversity was unexpectedly high in the northeast, driven by rarer species (sharpnose, smoothhound, tiger, scalloped hammerhead, great hammerhead) only observed there. Habitat relief, depth and season likely influence relative abundance of elasmobranchs around Tobago, but research is needed to elucidate species-level effects. Shark species richness in northeast Tobago is high for the Caribbean, warranting research attention, while the larger MPA presents an opportunity to strengthen elasmobranch management.
{"title":"Elasmobranch diversity around the southern Caribbean island of Tobago: opportunities for conservation in a regional trade hub","authors":"Neil D. Cook, Gina M. Clementi, Kathryn I. Flowers, Lanya Fanovich, Jo Cable, Sarah E. Perkins, Aljoscha Wothke, Ryan S. Mohammed, Demian D. Chapman","doi":"10.1017/s0025315423000917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315423000917","url":null,"abstract":"Sharks are scarce in much of the Caribbean due to widespread depletion. Trinidad and Tobago, in the southern Caribbean, is a shark meat consumer and international exporter of dried shark fins. Despite limited fisheries management there is a small Marine Protected Area (MPA; 7 km<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) in urbanised southwest Tobago, but its effect on sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) is unknown. The rural northeast is a recently designated UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve with a significant marine component and plans for a large MPA, but no baseline data for elasmobranchs exist. Given the local importance of elasmobranchs and a newly drafted Sustainable Shark and Ray Management Plan, we used baited remote underwater video stations within a 40 m depth contour at 270 randomly generated points around Tobago to: (i) establish a baseline of species richness and relative abundance, (ii) investigate the influence of season, habitat relief, depth and water temperature on relative abundance, and (iii) investigate spatial variation in relative abundance. Caribbean reef sharks, nurse sharks, and southern stingrays were observed at all sites, the latter two more frequently in the urbanised southwest. Shark diversity was unexpectedly high in the northeast, driven by rarer species (sharpnose, smoothhound, tiger, scalloped hammerhead, great hammerhead) only observed there. Habitat relief, depth and season likely influence relative abundance of elasmobranchs around Tobago, but research is needed to elucidate species-level effects. Shark species richness in northeast Tobago is high for the Caribbean, warranting research attention, while the larger MPA presents an opportunity to strengthen elasmobranch management.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1017/s002531542400002x
F. Saadet Karakulak, Tevfik Ceyhan
In this study, we applied generalized additive model to investigate the influence of spatial temporal variables and vessel length on catch per unit-effort (CPUE) of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) purse seine fishery using catch and effort data from commercial logbooks and field surveys from 1992 to 2006. The vessel lengths of sampled purse seines ranged from 20 to 64 m. The number of ABFT caught within each operation varied between 1 and 2000. A total of 386 CPUE values for ABFT were calculated 0.05 and 60 t ⋅ (haul day)–1 with mean CPUE of 5.51 ± 0.54 t ⋅ (haul day)–1. Although the sea surface temperature had little influence on the CPUE, the effect of time and spatial variables, vessel length and salinity was found as significant. In conclusion, the spatial dynamics of ABFT should be considered if the impact of fisheries on the ecosystem is to be reduced.
{"title":"The influences of temporal-spatial parameters on CPUE of the Atlantic bluefin tuna purse seine fishery in eastern Mediterranean","authors":"F. Saadet Karakulak, Tevfik Ceyhan","doi":"10.1017/s002531542400002x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002531542400002x","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we applied generalized additive model to investigate the influence of spatial temporal variables and vessel length on catch per unit-effort (CPUE) of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) purse seine fishery using catch and effort data from commercial logbooks and field surveys from 1992 to 2006. The vessel lengths of sampled purse seines ranged from 20 to 64 m. The number of ABFT caught within each operation varied between 1 and 2000. A total of 386 CPUE values for ABFT were calculated 0.05 and 60 t ⋅ (haul day)<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup> with mean CPUE of 5.51 ± 0.54 t ⋅ (haul day)<jats:sup>–1</jats:sup>. Although the sea surface temperature had little influence on the CPUE, the effect of time and spatial variables, vessel length and salinity was found as significant. In conclusion, the spatial dynamics of ABFT should be considered if the impact of fisheries on the ecosystem is to be reduced.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1017/s0025315423000929
Meica Valdivia, Lucía Frones, Emilia Rossini, Paula Laporta, Emma L. Carroll, Michael R. McGowen, Felix G. Marx, Néstor Ríos
We report the first record of Ramari's beaked whale (Mesoplodon eueu) from the temperate Southwestern Atlantic. Our analysis is based on an adult female and a plausibly associated calf/juvenile that stranded on the coast of Canelones Department, Uruguay. The species of the two individuals was identified via a combination of morphometric and molecular mitochondrial data and provide new insights into the Ramari's beaked whale, including previously unknown polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome and a re-estimated date of divergence from Mesoplodon mirus at 2.5902 Mya.
{"title":"First record of Ramari's beaked whale Mesoplodon eueu (Cetacea: Ziphiidae) for Uruguay","authors":"Meica Valdivia, Lucía Frones, Emilia Rossini, Paula Laporta, Emma L. Carroll, Michael R. McGowen, Felix G. Marx, Néstor Ríos","doi":"10.1017/s0025315423000929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315423000929","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first record of Ramari's beaked whale (<jats:italic>Mesoplodon eueu</jats:italic>) from the temperate Southwestern Atlantic. Our analysis is based on an adult female and a plausibly associated calf/juvenile that stranded on the coast of Canelones Department, Uruguay. The species of the two individuals was identified via a combination of morphometric and molecular mitochondrial data and provide new insights into the Ramari's beaked whale, including previously unknown polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome and a re-estimated date of divergence from <jats:italic>Mesoplodon mirus</jats:italic> at 2.5902 Mya.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1017/s0025315423000942
Davide Ascheri, Elena Fontanesi, Letizia Marsili, Enrica Berio, Fulvio Garibaldi, Maria Goria, Laura Serracca, Alessandro Dondo, Cristina Esmeralda di Francesco, Katia Varello, Cristina Casalone, Federica Giorda, Carla Grattarola
Despite attacks of bottlenose dolphins towards conspecifics and other species of dolphins being reported worldwide, inside the Mediterranean Sea these behaviours are still considered sporadic and have been, to date, only recorded in Spain and France, mostly directed to striped dolphins. In this work, we reported the necropsy outcomes of a dead striped dolphin that suggest a fatal interaction with bottlenose dolphins inside the Italian side of the Pelagos Sanctuary, Western Ligurian Sea. Results from the post-mortem examination showed multiple, multifocal external rake marks spaced 1–1.2 cm and several internal injuries, consisting of subcutaneous and muscular haematomas and haemorrhages, multiple vertebral and rib fractures, haemothorax and lung laceration. The inter-tooth distance and all the internal findings were consistent with a fatal traumatic interaction with bottlenose dolphins as reported in similar cases in other parts of the world where the same results were found. No other significant gross and microscopic findings and concurrent significant pathogens were detected. This case highlights the existence of negative interspecific interactions in an area where they have never been reported before and adds new important information to the literature for understanding their occurrence, expanding the geographical range of observation in the western Mediterranean Sea.
{"title":"Post-mortem examination on a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) reveals a potential fatal interaction with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Italian waters","authors":"Davide Ascheri, Elena Fontanesi, Letizia Marsili, Enrica Berio, Fulvio Garibaldi, Maria Goria, Laura Serracca, Alessandro Dondo, Cristina Esmeralda di Francesco, Katia Varello, Cristina Casalone, Federica Giorda, Carla Grattarola","doi":"10.1017/s0025315423000942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315423000942","url":null,"abstract":"Despite attacks of bottlenose dolphins towards conspecifics and other species of dolphins being reported worldwide, inside the Mediterranean Sea these behaviours are still considered sporadic and have been, to date, only recorded in Spain and France, mostly directed to striped dolphins. In this work, we reported the necropsy outcomes of a dead striped dolphin that suggest a fatal interaction with bottlenose dolphins inside the Italian side of the Pelagos Sanctuary, Western Ligurian Sea. Results from the post-mortem examination showed multiple, multifocal external rake marks spaced 1–1.2 cm and several internal injuries, consisting of subcutaneous and muscular haematomas and haemorrhages, multiple vertebral and rib fractures, haemothorax and lung laceration. The inter-tooth distance and all the internal findings were consistent with a fatal traumatic interaction with bottlenose dolphins as reported in similar cases in other parts of the world where the same results were found. No other significant gross and microscopic findings and concurrent significant pathogens were detected. This case highlights the existence of negative interspecific interactions in an area where they have never been reported before and adds new important information to the literature for understanding their occurrence, expanding the geographical range of observation in the western Mediterranean Sea.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1017/s0025315424000031
Tarcilla Carvalho de Lima, Victor Barreto Braga Mello, Cléo Dilnei de Castro Oliveira
The unsolved systematics of the genus Cardiomya has led to a sequence of astonishing identification mistakes. This scenario is a result of the rarity of specimens and, more importantly, the lack of knowledge about which characters are relevant to the genus taxonomy. In this study, we developed a method based on standard linear discriminant analysis to identify the smallest number of morphological characters that efficiently distinguish individuals at the species level of Brazilian Cardiomya. Starting from 29 morphometric measurements obtained from photographed Cardiomya shells, we were able to identify only five characters: the dorsal inflection of the rostrum, the distance from the posterior most rib end to the umbonal posterior margin and the distance from the central point of the valve to the anterior margin at 45°, 15° and −30° angles. Surprisingly, all these characters are related to the shell outline and not the ornamentation, which is a remarkable character in Cardiomya. We performed a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test specifically using the total number of ribs to verify its discriminant power in species identification. Our analysis demonstrated that the number of ribs does not show a significant difference between the analysed species.
{"title":"Opening Pandora's box: diagnostics characters for the confuse taxonomy of the Brazilian Cardiomya (Bivalvia: Cuspidariidae)","authors":"Tarcilla Carvalho de Lima, Victor Barreto Braga Mello, Cléo Dilnei de Castro Oliveira","doi":"10.1017/s0025315424000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315424000031","url":null,"abstract":"The unsolved systematics of the genus <jats:italic>Cardiomya</jats:italic> has led to a sequence of astonishing identification mistakes. This scenario is a result of the rarity of specimens and, more importantly, the lack of knowledge about which characters are relevant to the genus taxonomy. In this study, we developed a method based on standard linear discriminant analysis to identify the smallest number of morphological characters that efficiently distinguish individuals at the species level of Brazilian <jats:italic>Cardiomya</jats:italic>. Starting from 29 morphometric measurements obtained from photographed <jats:italic>Cardiomya</jats:italic> shells, we were able to identify only five characters: the dorsal inflection of the rostrum, the distance from the posterior most rib end to the umbonal posterior margin and the distance from the central point of the valve to the anterior margin at 45°, 15° and −30° angles. Surprisingly, all these characters are related to the shell outline and not the ornamentation, which is a remarkable character in <jats:italic>Cardiomya</jats:italic>. We performed a one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD test specifically using the total number of ribs to verify its discriminant power in species identification. Our analysis demonstrated that the number of ribs does not show a significant difference between the analysed species.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1017/s0025315423000887
Tobias Büring, Jesse van Der Grient, Graham Pierce, Paco Bustamante, Marco Scotti, Jessica B. Jones, Francisco Rocha, Alexander Arkhipkin
The Falkland Shelf is a highly productive ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by upwelling oceanographic dynamics and displays a wasp-waist structure, with few intermediate trophic-level species and many top predators that migrate on the shelf for feeding. One of these resident intermediate trophic-level species, the Patagonian longfin-squid Doryteuthis gahi, is abundant and plays an important role in the ecosystem. We used two methods to estimate the trophic structure of the Falkland Shelf food web, focusing on the trophic niche of D. gahi and its impacts on other species and functional groups to highlight the importance of D. gahi in the ecosystem. First, stable isotope measurements served to calculate trophic levels based on an established nitrogen baseline. Second, an Ecopath model was built to corroborate trophic levels derived from stable isotopes and inform about trophic interactions of D. gahi with other functional groups. The results of both methods placed D. gahi in the centre of the ecosystem with a trophic level of ~ 3. The Ecopath model predicted high impacts and therefore a high keystoneness for both seasonal cohorts of D. gahi. Our results show that the Falkland Shelf is not only controlled by species feeding at the top and the bottom of the trophic chain. The importance of species feeding at the third trophic level (e.g. D. gahi and Patagonotothen ramsayi) and observed architecture of energy flows confirm the ecosystem's wasp-waist structure with middle-out control mechanisms at play.
福克兰大陆架是西南大西洋的一个高产生态系统。它以上升流海洋动力学为特征，呈黄蜂腰结构，中间营养级物种很少，但有许多顶级捕食者在大陆架上迁徙觅食。其中一种常驻的中间营养级物种--巴塔哥尼亚长鳍鱿 Doryteuthis gahi 数量丰富，在生态系统中发挥着重要作用。我们采用两种方法来估算福克兰大陆架食物网的营养结构，重点关注 D. gahi 的营养生态位及其对其他物种和功能群的影响，以突出 D. gahi 在生态系统中的重要性。首先，稳定同位素测量有助于根据已确定的氮基线计算营养级。其次，建立生态病理学模型来证实稳定同位素得出的营养水平，并了解 D. gahi 与其他功能群的营养相互作用。这两种方法的结果都将 D. gahi 置于生态系统的中心，其营养级约为 3。生态病理学模型预测 D. gahi 的两个季节组群都会受到较大影响，因此具有较高的关键性。我们的研究结果表明，福克兰大陆架不仅受营养链顶层和底层摄食物种的控制。在第三营养级摄食的物种（如 D. gahi 和 Patagonotothen ramsayi）的重要性和观察到的能量流结构证实了生态系统的黄蜂腰结构，其中间控制机制在起作用。
{"title":"Unveiling the wasp-waist structure of the Falkland shelf ecosystem: the role of Doryteuthis gahi as a keystone species and its trophic influences","authors":"Tobias Büring, Jesse van Der Grient, Graham Pierce, Paco Bustamante, Marco Scotti, Jessica B. Jones, Francisco Rocha, Alexander Arkhipkin","doi":"10.1017/s0025315423000887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315423000887","url":null,"abstract":"The Falkland Shelf is a highly productive ecosystem in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by upwelling oceanographic dynamics and displays a wasp-waist structure, with few intermediate trophic-level species and many top predators that migrate on the shelf for feeding. One of these resident intermediate trophic-level species, the Patagonian longfin-squid <jats:italic>Doryteuthis gahi,</jats:italic> is abundant and plays an important role in the ecosystem. We used two methods to estimate the trophic structure of the Falkland Shelf food web, focusing on the trophic niche of <jats:italic>D. gahi</jats:italic> and its impacts on other species and functional groups to highlight the importance of <jats:italic>D. gahi</jats:italic> in the ecosystem. First, stable isotope measurements served to calculate trophic levels based on an established nitrogen baseline. Second, an Ecopath model was built to corroborate trophic levels derived from stable isotopes and inform about trophic interactions of <jats:italic>D. gahi</jats:italic> with other functional groups. The results of both methods placed <jats:italic>D. gahi</jats:italic> in the centre of the ecosystem with a trophic level of ~ 3. The Ecopath model predicted high impacts and therefore a high keystoneness for both seasonal cohorts of <jats:italic>D. gahi.</jats:italic> Our results show that the Falkland Shelf is not only controlled by species feeding at the top and the bottom of the trophic chain. The importance of species feeding at the third trophic level (e.g. <jats:italic>D. gahi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Patagonotothen ramsayi</jats:italic>) and observed architecture of energy flows confirm the ecosystem's wasp-waist structure with middle-out control mechanisms at play.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1017/s0025315423000905
Jón T. Magnússon, Stephen J. Hawkins, Lilja Gunnarsdóttir, Jörundur Svavarsson, Karl Gunnarsson
The rocky intertidal zone of sheltered shores in Breiðafjörður, north-west Iceland is dominated by monospecific stands of canopy-forming brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum, which provide habitat for mobile organisms and has been subjected to long-standing rotational harvesting. We investigated the assemblage composition of little-studied mobile brachyuran crabs in this area, to track distributional shifts in a native species responding to climate change and extent of occupancy of the intertidal by a primarily subtidal invasive non-native species. Potential interactive effects of seaweed harvesting were explored. Breiðafjörður was compared with two reference sites in Faxaflói, south-west Iceland. The study revealed clear poleward expansion of the native European green crab Carcinus maenas in the region, displacing the native spider crab Hyas araneus particularly at mid-shore levels. The invasive non-native Atlantic rock crab Cancer irroratus had negligible occupancy in the intertidal zone, indicating limited effects on the intertidal crab assemblage, composition, and abundance. The current harvesting regime of A. nodosum in Breiðafjörður did not affect the composition and abundance of the brachyuran crab assemblage in the rocky intertidal zone. H. araneus is likely being squeezed by displacement subtidally by C. irroratus, and intertidally by C. maenas. Overall, we provide insights into the potential interactions between climate change, invasive species, and human activities in the rocky intertidal zone.
{"title":"Range extension of invasive Cancer irroratus and native Carcinus maenas polewards in the Ascophyllum-dominated intertidal zone in north-west Iceland","authors":"Jón T. Magnússon, Stephen J. Hawkins, Lilja Gunnarsdóttir, Jörundur Svavarsson, Karl Gunnarsson","doi":"10.1017/s0025315423000905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315423000905","url":null,"abstract":"The rocky intertidal zone of sheltered shores in Breiðafjörður, north-west Iceland is dominated by monospecific stands of canopy-forming brown algae <jats:italic>Ascophyllum nodosum</jats:italic>, which provide habitat for mobile organisms and has been subjected to long-standing rotational harvesting. We investigated the assemblage composition of little-studied mobile brachyuran crabs in this area, to track distributional shifts in a native species responding to climate change and extent of occupancy of the intertidal by a primarily subtidal invasive non-native species. Potential interactive effects of seaweed harvesting were explored. Breiðafjörður was compared with two reference sites in Faxaflói, south-west Iceland. The study revealed clear poleward expansion of the native European green crab <jats:italic>Carcinus maenas</jats:italic> in the region, displacing the native spider crab <jats:italic>Hyas araneus</jats:italic> particularly at mid-shore levels. The invasive non-native Atlantic rock crab <jats:italic>Cancer irroratus</jats:italic> had negligible occupancy in the intertidal zone, indicating limited effects on the intertidal crab assemblage, composition, and abundance. The current harvesting regime of <jats:italic>A. nodosum</jats:italic> in Breiðafjörður did not affect the composition and abundance of the brachyuran crab assemblage in the rocky intertidal zone. <jats:italic>H. araneus</jats:italic> is likely being squeezed by displacement subtidally by <jats:italic>C. irroratus</jats:italic>, and intertidally by <jats:italic>C. maenas</jats:italic>. Overall, we provide insights into the potential interactions between climate change, invasive species, and human activities in the rocky intertidal zone.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139758159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1017/s0025315423000875
Alberto González-Casarrubios, Nuria Sánchez, Diego Cepeda, Fernando Pardos
A new species of the cyclorhagid genus Meristoderes is described. Meristoderes zmaj sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by its unique arrangement of spines and tubes. It possesses acicular spines on segments 4, 6 and 8 in middorsal position and on segments 6–9 in lateroventral position; and tubes on segment 2 in subdorsal, midlateral and ventrolateral position, on segment 5 in lateroventral position and on segment 10 in laterodorsal position. With the formal description of M. zmaj sp. n., the number of species within the genus is increased to 10. In addition, the appearance of a new species and its accompanying fauna within the North-Eastern Adriatic Sea fauna, extensively studied by Kinorhyncha taxonomists, is discussed.
本文描述了一种新的旋毛虫属 Meristoderes。Meristoderes zmaj sp. n. 与同属物种的区别在于其独特的刺和管状排列。它的第 4、6 和 8 节的中背位置以及第 6-9 节的腹侧位置都有针状刺；第 2 节的背下、中侧和腹侧位置、第 5 节的腹侧位置以及第 10 节的背侧位置都有管。随着 M. zmaj sp. n. 的正式描述，该属的物种数量增加到 10 个。此外，还讨论了在亚得里亚海东北部动物群中出现的一个新物种及其伴生动物群，该动物群已被 Kinorhyncha 分类学家广泛研究。
{"title":"Meristoderes zmaj sp. n., a new species of Kinorhyncha (Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the Adriatic Sea","authors":"Alberto González-Casarrubios, Nuria Sánchez, Diego Cepeda, Fernando Pardos","doi":"10.1017/s0025315423000875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315423000875","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of the cyclorhagid genus <jats:italic>Meristoderes</jats:italic> is described. <jats:italic>Meristoderes zmaj</jats:italic> sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by its unique arrangement of spines and tubes. It possesses acicular spines on segments 4, 6 and 8 in middorsal position and on segments 6–9 in lateroventral position; and tubes on segment 2 in subdorsal, midlateral and ventrolateral position, on segment 5 in lateroventral position and on segment 10 in laterodorsal position. With the formal description of <jats:italic>M. zmaj</jats:italic> sp. n., the number of species within the genus is increased to 10. In addition, the appearance of a new species and its accompanying fauna within the North-Eastern Adriatic Sea fauna, extensively studied by Kinorhyncha taxonomists, is discussed.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1080/19496591.2023.2186241
Karina A Gattamorta, Gisela Vega, Vanessa Kania
This study examines the relationships between living arrangements and educational outcomes, access to LGBTQ affirming care, sexual and gender minority (SGM) stressors, and mental health. Bivariate analyses were implemented to examine relationships between living arrangements and academic outcomes, SGM stressors, access to care, and alcohol and substance use. Differences between undergraduate and graduate students are also reported. Students who continued living on campus were less likely to report increased family rejection, transphobia, and identity concealment.
{"title":"Impact of Living Arrangements of LGBTQ College Students During COVID-19.","authors":"Karina A Gattamorta, Gisela Vega, Vanessa Kania","doi":"10.1080/19496591.2023.2186241","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19496591.2023.2186241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the relationships between living arrangements and educational outcomes, access to LGBTQ affirming care, sexual and gender minority (SGM) stressors, and mental health. Bivariate analyses were implemented to examine relationships between living arrangements and academic outcomes, SGM stressors, access to care, and alcohol and substance use. Differences between undergraduate and graduate students are also reported. Students who continued living on campus were less likely to report increased family rejection, transphobia, and identity concealment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"84 1","pages":"251-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10997324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78926224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1017/s002531542300084x
Guy E. Melville
This study formulates a qualitative image-based approach to establishing cetacean sightings’ effort at an ecosystem scale in the Gulf of Maine. As a first step, I investigate a rare set of long-term sightings (2008–2017, the study period) of a male killer whale (Orcinus orca) representing unusually consistent occurrences, without considering observation effort. Largely unknown, killer whale populations in the NW Atlantic are tiny, travelling over vast areas, and at risk of human-caused extinction. The synthesis uses opportunistic observations, reported mainly by recreational mariners and commercial fishers incorporated into data manipulations anonymously. Adding an effort index using the qualitative image-based approach, I then investigate the hypothesis that the killer whale sightings constitute seasonal-spatial fidelity to the greater GoM, the first documentation of fidelity patterns in the western Atlantic hemisphere. The analysis includes comparisons to frequency distributions of single killer whales in the gulf in the historical past as a baseline, i.e. post mid 1940s. Finally, the fidelity analysis reveals a substantial spatial anomaly in the recent sightings data for the northeastern GoM. An explanation for the emergent anomaly is pursued by analyses of indicators of the availability of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) [fisheries landings, Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) chick diets] as potential prey in the NE gulf. With the development of complementary corroborative approaches to the analysis of incidental sightings, it is possible to chip away at impediments to the understanding of ecosystem attractants and deterrents with respect to cetacean distributions.
{"title":"Opportunistic observation effort and seasonal-spatial fidelity: a qualitative approach, applied to an Orcinus orca first record","authors":"Guy E. Melville","doi":"10.1017/s002531542300084x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002531542300084x","url":null,"abstract":"This study formulates a qualitative image-based approach to establishing cetacean sightings’ effort at an ecosystem scale in the Gulf of Maine. As a first step, I investigate a rare set of long-term sightings (2008–2017, the study period) of a male killer whale (<jats:italic>Orcinus orca</jats:italic>) representing unusually consistent occurrences, without considering observation effort. Largely unknown, killer whale populations in the NW Atlantic are tiny, travelling over vast areas, and at risk of human-caused extinction. The synthesis uses opportunistic observations, reported mainly by recreational mariners and commercial fishers incorporated into data manipulations anonymously. Adding an effort index using the qualitative image-based approach, I then investigate the hypothesis that the killer whale sightings constitute seasonal-spatial fidelity to the greater GoM, the first documentation of fidelity patterns in the western Atlantic hemisphere. The analysis includes comparisons to frequency distributions of single killer whales in the gulf in the historical past as a baseline, i.e. post mid 1940s. Finally, the fidelity analysis reveals a substantial spatial anomaly in the recent sightings data for the northeastern GoM. An explanation for the emergent anomaly is pursued by analyses of indicators of the availability of Atlantic herring (<jats:italic>Clupea harengus</jats:italic>) [fisheries landings, Atlantic puffin (<jats:italic>Fratercula arctica</jats:italic>) chick diets] as potential prey in the NE gulf. With the development of complementary corroborative approaches to the analysis of incidental sightings, it is possible to chip away at impediments to the understanding of ecosystem attractants and deterrents with respect to cetacean distributions.","PeriodicalId":17477,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139051161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：