Fadilaturahmah Fadilaturahmah, Firman Syukri, Yona Afriani, P. Santoso
Inflammation is a serious health problem that needs treatment. The use of steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can actually relieve inflammatory reactions well, but their long-term use can have many side effects and are uneconomical. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients that are effective and economical is needed. One of the plants that are considered anti-inflammatory is the leaves of miang beans (Mucuna pruriens). The purpose of compiling this narrative review is to analyze the phytochemical content of miang beans leaves and its mechanisms for inflammatory reactions. The narrative study of this preparation was carried out using the literature study method from August to September 2020. The phytochemical content of miang bean leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, and tannins. Phytochemicals that have a direct anti-inflammatory effect are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Alkaloids are antibacterial. If there are bacteria that cause inflammation, the alkaloids will damage the bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls, thus causing bacterial cell death and preventable inflammatory reactions. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting macrophages from producing NO (nitric oxide) and inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway. Saponins affect the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the lipoxygenase pathway and inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. Meanwhile, tannins affect the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting macrophages from producing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). Potential which is fatal because it can turn into cyanide acid. However, the content of these cyanogenic glycosides can be minimized by drying at low temperatures. So, mung bean leaves are effective as anti-inflammatory drugs because the alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins they contain are anti-inflammatory.
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Miang Bean Leaves (Mucuna pruriens)","authors":"Fadilaturahmah Fadilaturahmah, Firman Syukri, Yona Afriani, P. Santoso","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.284","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is a serious health problem that needs treatment. The use of steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can actually relieve inflammatory reactions well, but their long-term use can have many side effects and are uneconomical. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients that are effective and economical is needed. One of the plants that are considered anti-inflammatory is the leaves of miang beans (Mucuna pruriens). The purpose of compiling this narrative review is to analyze the phytochemical content of miang beans leaves and its mechanisms for inflammatory reactions. The narrative study of this preparation was carried out using the literature study method from August to September 2020. The phytochemical content of miang bean leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, and tannins. Phytochemicals that have a direct anti-inflammatory effect are alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Alkaloids are antibacterial. If there are bacteria that cause inflammation, the alkaloids will damage the bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls, thus causing bacterial cell death and preventable inflammatory reactions. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting macrophages from producing NO (nitric oxide) and inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway. Saponins affect the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the lipoxygenase pathway and inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. Meanwhile, tannins affect the inflammatory reaction by inhibiting macrophages from producing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). Potential which is fatal because it can turn into cyanide acid. However, the content of these cyanogenic glycosides can be minimized by drying at low temperatures. So, mung bean leaves are effective as anti-inflammatory drugs because the alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins they contain are anti-inflammatory.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41540654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammation is the basic for the pathogenesis of several diseases both of degenerative and non-degenerative disease. Urena lobata is a medicinal plant that can be found in Indonesia and has been used traditionally to cure influenza, inflammation and fever. However, there have been few reports about their anti-inflammatory activity and their mechanism action are still unclear. The aim of study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of active substances from U.lobata leaf and their pharmacokinetic property through in silico study. lobata leaf was extracted by digeration methods using ethanol solvent. Therefore, the active substances in the extract was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS). Pharmacokinetic property and physicochemical of active compounds were evaluated using pkCSM online tool. Anti-inflammatory activity of U. lobata active compound on phospholipase-A2 (PLA-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5) were evaluated by in silico study. Ethanolic extract of U. lobata contained five active compound, there are stigmasterol, ?-sitosterol mangiferin, gossypetin and chrysoeriol. Molecular docking study indicated stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol of U. lobata have a strong activity as anti-inflammatory based on the estimation of inhibition constant (Ki) value against PLA2 and COX-2. Meanwhile, mangiferin and gossypetin have a stronger anti-inflammatory effect on LOX-5 among others compound. U. lobata has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition on COX-2 greater than on PLA2 and LOX-5.
{"title":"In Silico Study of Pulutan (Urena lobata) Leaf Extract as Anti Inflammation and their ADME Prediction","authors":"Doti Wahyuningsih, Y. Purnomo, Andri Tilaqza","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.323","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is the basic for the pathogenesis of several diseases both of degenerative and non-degenerative disease. Urena lobata is a medicinal plant that can be found in Indonesia and has been used traditionally to cure influenza, inflammation and fever. However, there have been few reports about their anti-inflammatory activity and their mechanism action are still unclear. The aim of study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of active substances from U.lobata leaf and their pharmacokinetic property through in silico study. lobata leaf was extracted by digeration methods using ethanol solvent. Therefore, the active substances in the extract was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS). Pharmacokinetic property and physicochemical of active compounds were evaluated using pkCSM online tool. Anti-inflammatory activity of U. lobata active compound on phospholipase-A2 (PLA-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5) were evaluated by in silico study. Ethanolic extract of U. lobata contained five active compound, there are stigmasterol, ?-sitosterol mangiferin, gossypetin and chrysoeriol. Molecular docking study indicated stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol of U. lobata have a strong activity as anti-inflammatory based on the estimation of inhibition constant (Ki) value against PLA2 and COX-2. Meanwhile, mangiferin and gossypetin have a stronger anti-inflammatory effect on LOX-5 among others compound. U. lobata has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition on COX-2 greater than on PLA2 and LOX-5.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulp and paper Industry poses a great significant problem in Environmental pollution and they consume high energy, water and resources. The present study was undertaken to purify pulp effluent (black liquor) using sand bed filters and adsorption method (Activated Carbon). The physicochemical parameters carried out were pH, colour, temperature, turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) using standard methods by American Public Health Association (APHA). The results obtained for black liquor and treated effluent were; colour (dark brown), pH (11.59 & 9.14), temperature (31 & 30 ), turbidity (1.78 &0.77 NTU), TA (10,000mg/L & 300mg/L), TH (325 mg/L & 220 mg/L), COD (2663 mg/L & 174.85 mg/L), TSS (0.09 mg/L & 0.00 mg/L), TS (0.9 mg/L & 0.17 mg/L), TDS (1354 mg/L) respectively. Highly significant differences were found between the effluent and treated water. The results indicated that pulp and paper Industrial effluents are highly polluted and can be toxic or harmful to human beings when released into water bodies without being treated.
{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters and Purification of Pulp Effluent (Black Liquor)","authors":"O. Shokunbi, R. Omenka","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.394","url":null,"abstract":"Pulp and paper Industry poses a great significant problem in Environmental pollution and they consume high energy, water and resources. The present study was undertaken to purify pulp effluent (black liquor) using sand bed filters and adsorption method (Activated Carbon). The physicochemical parameters carried out were pH, colour, temperature, turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) using standard methods by American Public Health Association (APHA). The results obtained for black liquor and treated effluent were; colour (dark brown), pH (11.59 & 9.14), temperature (31 & 30 ), turbidity (1.78 &0.77 NTU), TA (10,000mg/L & 300mg/L), TH (325 mg/L & 220 mg/L), COD (2663 mg/L & 174.85 mg/L), TSS (0.09 mg/L & 0.00 mg/L), TS (0.9 mg/L & 0.17 mg/L), TDS (1354 mg/L) respectively. Highly significant differences were found between the effluent and treated water. The results indicated that pulp and paper Industrial effluents are highly polluted and can be toxic or harmful to human beings when released into water bodies without being treated.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47355414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. H. S. Palupi, Riski Sulistiarini, Vita Olivia Siregar
The immune system is a system that plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the body against the dangers that various foreign objects can cause. Immunomodulators are substances or substances that can change/modify the immune system. Empirically, Kayu Kuning or Yellow Wood is used as a cleaner for post-partum conditions. Yellow wood in East Kalimantan is the name for three species, namely Arcangelisia Flava, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Coscinium fensteratum. With the approach of improving the immune system and metabolism, immunomodulatory tests carried out on three types of yellow wood found in Borneo Island. The immunomodulatory activity of Yellow wood steam extract in the non-specific immune response test used phagocytic index and organ index parameters where BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into 16 treatment groups which included a normal group, an immunostimulant comparison group (Levamisole 2.5 mg/kg body weight), an immunosuppressant comparison group (Methylprednisolone 40mg/kg BW), a test extract group with a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for the ethanolic extracts of A. Flava, F. tinctoria and C. fenestratum, respectively. Based on the study results, it means that the methanol extract of A. Flava methanol extract had immunostimulating activity, while the methanol extract of F. tinctoria and C. fenestratum showed an immunosuppressant effect
{"title":"Imunomodulator Activity of Three Types “Kayu Kuning” Borneo","authors":"D. H. S. Palupi, Riski Sulistiarini, Vita Olivia Siregar","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.375","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system is a system that plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the body against the dangers that various foreign objects can cause. Immunomodulators are substances or substances that can change/modify the immune system. Empirically, Kayu Kuning or Yellow Wood is used as a cleaner for post-partum conditions. Yellow wood in East Kalimantan is the name for three species, namely Arcangelisia Flava, Fibraurea tinctoria, and Coscinium fensteratum. With the approach of improving the immune system and metabolism, immunomodulatory tests carried out on three types of yellow wood found in Borneo Island. The immunomodulatory activity of Yellow wood steam extract in the non-specific immune response test used phagocytic index and organ index parameters where BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into 16 treatment groups which included a normal group, an immunostimulant comparison group (Levamisole 2.5 mg/kg body weight), an immunosuppressant comparison group (Methylprednisolone 40mg/kg BW), a test extract group with a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for the ethanolic extracts of A. Flava, F. tinctoria and C. fenestratum, respectively. Based on the study results, it means that the methanol extract of A. Flava methanol extract had immunostimulating activity, while the methanol extract of F. tinctoria and C. fenestratum showed an immunosuppressant effect","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43820960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jihen Taleb, S. Ncibi, Intidhar Bkhairia, Amani Smida, Lamia Mabrouki, M. Nasri, L. Zourgui
The purpose of the present study was to assess the protective effects of ‘Opuntia ficus indica’ (family Cactaceae) against osteoporosis induced by cadmium chloride in female Wistar rats. Experiments were carried out on 36 male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) divided into four groups of nine each: a control group, a group treated with cadmium (3,5 mg/kg /day) by subcutaneous injection, a group treated with Opuntia ficus indica extract (100 mg/Kg/day) by gavage, and a group treated with opuntia extract then treated with cadmium. After 10 weeks of treatment, animals from each group were rapidly sacri?ced by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation. Bone toxicity was estimated by examining femoral length and weight, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D3 and alkaline phsphatase (ALP) levels, oxidative status and DNA aspects in femur tissue. Results showed that cadmium could induce hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, Vit D deficiency, increase in ALP level, and decrease in femur weight and length. Also, an oxidative stress evidenced by statistically signi?cant losses in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) activities and an increase in lipids peroxidation level in bone tissue of cadmium-treated group compared with the control group. In addition, histological analysis in bone tissue of cadmium-induced rats revealed pronounced morphological alterations with areas of bone resorption and a loss of normal architecture of femur diaphysis bone as well as DNA fragmentation. However, administration of cactus extract attenuated cadmium-induced bone damage. The protective effect of the plant can be attributed to its antioxidant properties and the existence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, as highlighted by HPLC-based analysis. These findings indicate that ‘Opuntia ficus indica’ extract, can be used as a new option in nutraceutical field.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Opuntia ficus indica extract against cadmium-induced osteoporosis and DNA bone damage in male rats","authors":"Jihen Taleb, S. Ncibi, Intidhar Bkhairia, Amani Smida, Lamia Mabrouki, M. Nasri, L. Zourgui","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.256","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to assess the protective effects of ‘Opuntia ficus indica’ (family Cactaceae) against osteoporosis induced by cadmium chloride in female Wistar rats. Experiments were carried out on 36 male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) divided into four groups of nine each: a control group, a group treated with cadmium (3,5 mg/kg /day) by subcutaneous injection, a group treated with Opuntia ficus indica extract (100 mg/Kg/day) by gavage, and a group treated with opuntia extract then treated with cadmium. After 10 weeks of treatment, animals from each group were rapidly sacri?ced by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation. Bone toxicity was estimated by examining femoral length and weight, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D3 and alkaline phsphatase (ALP) levels, oxidative status and DNA aspects in femur tissue. Results showed that cadmium could induce hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, Vit D deficiency, increase in ALP level, and decrease in femur weight and length. Also, an oxidative stress evidenced by statistically signi?cant losses in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide-dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX) activities and an increase in lipids peroxidation level in bone tissue of cadmium-treated group compared with the control group. In addition, histological analysis in bone tissue of cadmium-induced rats revealed pronounced morphological alterations with areas of bone resorption and a loss of normal architecture of femur diaphysis bone as well as DNA fragmentation. However, administration of cactus extract attenuated cadmium-induced bone damage. The protective effect of the plant can be attributed to its antioxidant properties and the existence of phenolic acids and flavonoids, as highlighted by HPLC-based analysis. These findings indicate that ‘Opuntia ficus indica’ extract, can be used as a new option in nutraceutical field. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L) is a medicinal plant that is often used, especially its sap. Jatropha sap contains secondary metabolite compounds in the form of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins which have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Jatropha sap against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, to determine the antibacterial activity of jatropha hand sanitizer gel preparation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and to find out the best formula for hand sanitizer gel from jatropha that has antibacterial effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research was conducted by formulating hand sanitizer gel from jatropha sap with various concentrations. Based on the research data, the best data obtained for the concentration of jatropha sap which has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 10% with inhibition values of 13,33 ± 0,57 and 12,86 ± 0,51 the best concentrations of gel preparations. Hand sanitizer from jatropha sap which has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 10% with inhibitory value of 12,63 ± 0,35 and 12,10 ± 0,17 and the best formula for hand sanitizer gel contains jatropha sap fence with a concentration of 5% with a diameter value of 6,36 cm, pH 4,89, a viscosity of 4,60 ± 0,14 Pa.S, a clear whitish color with a gel-shaped texture and a homogeneous preparation.
麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L)是一种常用的药用植物，尤其是其汁液。麻疯树汁液含有次生代谢物化合物，以皂苷、类黄酮和单宁的形式存在，具有抗菌活性。本研究旨在测定麻疯树液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性，测定麻疯树洗手液凝胶制剂对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性，寻找对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑菌作用的麻疯树洗手液凝胶的最佳配方。本研究以不同浓度的麻疯树液配制洗手液凝胶。研究结果表明，麻疯树液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最佳浓度为10%，凝胶制剂的抑菌值分别为13,33±0,57和12,86±0,51。从麻疯树液中提取的洗手液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性为10%，抑菌值为12,63±0,35和12,10±0,17，最佳洗手液凝胶配方为麻疯树液栅栏，浓度为5%，直径为6,36 cm, pH为4,89，粘度为4,60±0,14 Pa。S，一种透明的白色，具有凝胶状的质地和均匀的制备。
{"title":"Formulation of Hand Sanitizer Gel Jatropha Sap (Jatropha curcas L) as Antiseptic","authors":"Siswati Siswati, F. Aryati, Angga Cipta Narsa","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.333","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L) is a medicinal plant that is often used, especially its sap. Jatropha sap contains secondary metabolite compounds in the form of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins which have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Jatropha sap against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, to determine the antibacterial activity of jatropha hand sanitizer gel preparation against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and to find out the best formula for hand sanitizer gel from jatropha that has antibacterial effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This research was conducted by formulating hand sanitizer gel from jatropha sap with various concentrations. Based on the research data, the best data obtained for the concentration of jatropha sap which has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 10% with inhibition values of 13,33 ± 0,57 and 12,86 ± 0,51 the best concentrations of gel preparations. Hand sanitizer from jatropha sap which has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 10% with inhibitory value of 12,63 ± 0,35 and 12,10 ± 0,17 and the best formula for hand sanitizer gel contains jatropha sap fence with a concentration of 5% with a diameter value of 6,36 cm, pH 4,89, a viscosity of 4,60 ± 0,14 Pa.S, a clear whitish color with a gel-shaped texture and a homogeneous preparation.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sappan wood ( Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains brazilin including isoflavonoids which act as antimicrobials (against bacteria on skin) and antioxidants. Nano technology increases surface area, enhance stability, reduces skin irritation, protects from degradation, and has good drug delivery. Nano emulsion preparations can help permeability of the drug on the membrane surface. Nanoemulgel preparations can provide stability and good drug release compared to mixing drugs directly in a gel base. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of different concentrations of CMC-Na gelling agents and which concentration of CMC-Na gelling agents that can produce the best nanoemulgel preparations. Nanoemulsion made from isopropyl myristate as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and polyethylenglycol as co-surfactant. Nanoemulsion formulations were tested by measurement of % transmittance by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength 650nm. Nanoemulgel is made from nano emulsions used basis of CMC-Na at concentrations 3%, 4%, and 5%. The results showed percent transmittance was 71.86%. The results of physical quality and stability tests of the nanomulgel wood preparations showed an influence on the physical properties such as adhesion, dispersion and viscosity, the greater concentration of CMC-Na gelling agents in nanoemulgel preparations, the greater values adhesion and viscosity, while the spreadability was smaller. Concentration of CMC-Na gelling agent that produced the best of sappan wood nanoemulgel ( Caesalpinia sappan L.) was 5% that stable by freeze-thaw testing.
{"title":"Use of CMC Na as Gelling Agent in Nanoemulgel Formulation of Methanol Extract of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L)","authors":"Dwi Saryanti, Iwan Setiawan, Hendri Hari Dayanto","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.276","url":null,"abstract":"Sappan wood ( Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains brazilin including isoflavonoids which act as antimicrobials (against bacteria on skin) and antioxidants. Nano technology increases surface area, enhance stability, reduces skin irritation, protects from degradation, and has good drug delivery. Nano emulsion preparations can help permeability of the drug on the membrane surface. Nanoemulgel preparations can provide stability and good drug release compared to mixing drugs directly in a gel base. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of different concentrations of CMC-Na gelling agents and which concentration of CMC-Na gelling agents that can produce the best nanoemulgel preparations. Nanoemulsion made from isopropyl myristate as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and polyethylenglycol as co-surfactant. Nanoemulsion formulations were tested by measurement of % transmittance by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength 650nm. Nanoemulgel is made from nano emulsions used basis of CMC-Na at concentrations 3%, 4%, and 5%. The results showed percent transmittance was 71.86%. The results of physical quality and stability tests of the nanomulgel wood preparations showed an influence on the physical properties such as adhesion, dispersion and viscosity, the greater concentration of CMC-Na gelling agents in nanoemulgel preparations, the greater values adhesion and viscosity, while the spreadability was smaller. Concentration of CMC-Na gelling agent that produced the best of sappan wood nanoemulgel ( Caesalpinia sappan L.) was 5% that stable by freeze-thaw testing.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract of organs. This infection is caused by the virus, fungi, and bacteria that begin with fever and one or more symptoms such as throat pain, difficulty swallowing, flu, and wet or dry cough. Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) categorizes Papua province in five highest areas with the infectious disease of air such as ARI and Pneumonia. Based on the annual data of Jayapura Public Health office of disease prevention and control sector reported that ARI was included in ten highest types of infectious diseases in Jayapura city suffered by under-fives. Objective: This research aimed to identify the factors caused by the IRA in the Community Health Center work area in North Jayapura Sub-district, Jayapura City, Papua Province. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative method with cross-sectional research design was used in this study. Sample of 100 under-fives in the Community Health Center of North Jayapura Sub-district were selected for this study. The technique was purposive sampling and the data collections were questionnaires and observation (done in the respondent’s houses). This research was done in Juni to August 2019. Results & Discussion: The results were presented through the table form and showed that the causes of ARI were from the under-fives, family, and environment. The conclusion of this research: smoking behavior of family is the biggest causative factor of ARI.
{"title":"Identification of Factors Causing Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) of Under-Fives in Community Health Center Work Area in North Jayapura Sub-District","authors":"Reychell Mirino, Dary Dary, Rifatolistia Rifatolistia","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.271","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract of organs. This infection is caused by the virus, fungi, and bacteria that begin with fever and one or more symptoms such as throat pain, difficulty swallowing, flu, and wet or dry cough. Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) categorizes Papua province in five highest areas with the infectious disease of air such as ARI and Pneumonia. Based on the annual data of Jayapura Public Health office of disease prevention and control sector reported that ARI was included in ten highest types of infectious diseases in Jayapura city suffered by under-fives. Objective: This research aimed to identify the factors caused by the IRA in the Community Health Center work area in North Jayapura Sub-district, Jayapura City, Papua Province. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative method with cross-sectional research design was used in this study. Sample of 100 under-fives in the Community Health Center of North Jayapura Sub-district were selected for this study. The technique was purposive sampling and the data collections were questionnaires and observation (done in the respondent’s houses). This research was done in Juni to August 2019. Results & Discussion: The results were presented through the table form and showed that the causes of ARI were from the under-fives, family, and environment. The conclusion of this research: smoking behavior of family is the biggest causative factor of ARI.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45803134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulus Unggul Wikan Prabandono, Michael Raharja Gani, S. Yuliani
Tramadol and paracetamol are analgesic drugs that are often combined and made in the form of extemporaneously prepared capsules dosage form to treat moderate to severe pain management. This study aims to determine the quality of prescribed medication of extemporaneously prepared tramadol and paracetamol capsules combination taken from a private hospital in Semarang covering weight uniformity, moisture content, disintegration, and content uniformity. This type of research is a descriptive observational cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using simple random sampling at a pharmaceutical installation in a private hospital in Semarang. The observation result from four types of testing was compared against the standard values of each test’s parameter listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V. The results are, samples meet the weight uniformity test with an acceptance value of 7.34%; meet the moisture content test with an average moisture content of 2.647% for the first day and 3.04% for the seventh day; meet the disintegration test with a breakdown time of fewer than 15 minutes; and did not meet the uniformity test with acceptance value of 34.06% for paracetamol and 34.30% for tramadol. It can be concluded that the prescribed medication of extemporaneously prepared capsule samples derived from a private hospital in Semarang can fulfill the standard values listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V except for the content uniformity test.
{"title":"Quality Test of Extemporaneously Prepared Tramadol and Paracetamol Capsules Combination Derived From a Private Hospital in Semarang","authors":"Paulus Unggul Wikan Prabandono, Michael Raharja Gani, S. Yuliani","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v5i4.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v5i4.287","url":null,"abstract":"Tramadol and paracetamol are analgesic drugs that are often combined and made in the form of extemporaneously prepared capsules dosage form to treat moderate to severe pain management. This study aims to determine the quality of prescribed medication of extemporaneously prepared tramadol and paracetamol capsules combination taken from a private hospital in Semarang covering weight uniformity, moisture content, disintegration, and content uniformity. This type of research is a descriptive observational cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using simple random sampling at a pharmaceutical installation in a private hospital in Semarang. The observation result from four types of testing was compared against the standard values of each test’s parameter listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V. The results are, samples meet the weight uniformity test with an acceptance value of 7.34%; meet the moisture content test with an average moisture content of 2.647% for the first day and 3.04% for the seventh day; meet the disintegration test with a breakdown time of fewer than 15 minutes; and did not meet the uniformity test with acceptance value of 34.06% for paracetamol and 34.30% for tramadol. It can be concluded that the prescribed medication of extemporaneously prepared capsule samples derived from a private hospital in Semarang can fulfill the standard values listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V except for the content uniformity test.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Annisa, Tanaya Jati Dharma, R. Mutiah, Sitti Nurjannah
Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr) is one plant that has been proven to have benefits as an antioxidant. The Dayak extract is formulated in the self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) because the extract has low water solubility. The aims this study to develop the SNEDDS formulation system by testing its antioxidant activity. We determined whether there was an increase in antioxidant activity when formulated in the form of SNEDDS or not. The results were then compared with a solution of Dayak onions extract without using SNEDDS. The obtained formula was the optimal result that has been done before using the D-optimal mixture design method. The results of the components consisted of 50 mg of Dayak extract, 10 % caprylic triglyceride as oil, 1% tween 80, and 6,60 % transcutol as a combination surfactant and 12,40 % propylene glycol as co-surfactant. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antioxidant test using the DPPH method was done with two samples, namely the extract solution and Dayak onion extract SNEDDS. We elaborated the research by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Each sample was made into five concentrations, namely 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm, 120 ppm, and 150 ppm, and carried out three times replications. The results showed that the IC50 value in the Dayak onion extract solution was 227,19 ppm (very low), while for the SNEDDS solution for the Dayak onion extract the IC50 value obtained was 38,97 ppm (very strong). The analysis was carried out next using an independent T-Test to obtain the results. There was no significant difference between the extract solution and the SNEDDS solution of Dayak onion extract.
{"title":"Antioxidants Activity of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System on Dayak Onions Extract (Eleutherine palmifolia) using DPPH (2,2 difenil-1- picrylhydrazyl) Method","authors":"R. Annisa, Tanaya Jati Dharma, R. Mutiah, Sitti Nurjannah","doi":"10.25026/jtpc.v5i4.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v5i4.339","url":null,"abstract":"Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr) is one plant that has been proven to have benefits as an antioxidant. The Dayak extract is formulated in the self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) because the extract has low water solubility. The aims this study to develop the SNEDDS formulation system by testing its antioxidant activity. We determined whether there was an increase in antioxidant activity when formulated in the form of SNEDDS or not. The results were then compared with a solution of Dayak onions extract without using SNEDDS. The obtained formula was the optimal result that has been done before using the D-optimal mixture design method. The results of the components consisted of 50 mg of Dayak extract, 10 % caprylic triglyceride as oil, 1% tween 80, and 6,60 % transcutol as a combination surfactant and 12,40 % propylene glycol as co-surfactant. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antioxidant test using the DPPH method was done with two samples, namely the extract solution and Dayak onion extract SNEDDS. We elaborated the research by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Each sample was made into five concentrations, namely 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm, 120 ppm, and 150 ppm, and carried out three times replications. The results showed that the IC50 value in the Dayak onion extract solution was 227,19 ppm (very low), while for the SNEDDS solution for the Dayak onion extract the IC50 value obtained was 38,97 ppm (very strong). The analysis was carried out next using an independent T-Test to obtain the results. There was no significant difference between the extract solution and the SNEDDS solution of Dayak onion extract.","PeriodicalId":17494,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44794223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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