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Nutrient elements in soil and Carya cathayensis leaves from four parent rock materials 四种母质山核桃叶片和土壤中的营养元素
Pub Date : 2010-08-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.04.016
Cheng Shiquan, Huang Jianqin, Huang Xing-zhao, Lou Zhong, Lv Jianquan, Xia Guohua, Wu Jia-sen
To reveal changes in soil properties and leaf nutrition from different parent rock material in a Carya cathayensis forest in Lin’an City, soil and leaf samples developed from four types of parent rock material: i.e. slate, granite, phyllite, and sandy shale, were collected in July of 2008 and analyzed with a correlation analysis. Results showed soil sampled from the granite parent material had the highest organic matter (43.11 g·kg-1) and available sulfur (38.73 mg·kg-1); however, it had the lowest pH (4.72), available calcium (Ca,5.22 mg·kg-1), and available zinc (Zn,1.65 mg·kg-1). Soil sampled from the phyllite parent material had the highest available phosphorus (P,7.29 mg·kg-1), iron (Fe,31.24 mg·kg-1), and manganese (Mn,67.49 mg·kg-1). Available nutrient elements in C. cathayensis leaves for all soils were in the order: nitrogen (N)Capotassium(K)MgPMnFeZn. Additionally, leaves growing on soil developed from phyllite parent material had the highest available N, Ca, Mg, and Zn, but the lowest available P and Fe. The correlation analysis was also significant for soil pH, soil organic matter, andavailable nutrients. Correlations for N, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe content in leaves as well as content of soil nutrient element were also significant.
为揭示临安市山核桃森林不同母质土壤性质和叶片营养的变化,于2008年7月采集了板岩、花岗岩、千层岩和砂质页岩4种母质土壤和叶片样品,并进行了相关分析。结果表明,花岗岩母质土壤有机质含量最高(43.11 g·kg-1),有效硫含量最高(38.73 mg·kg-1);pH最低(4.72),有效钙(Ca,5.22 mg·kg-1),有效锌(Zn,1.65 mg·kg-1)。千叶岩母质土壤速效磷(P,7.29 mg·kg-1)、铁(Fe,31.24 mg·kg-1)和锰(Mn,67.49 mg·kg-1)最高。各土壤柽柳叶片速效养分元素顺序为:氮(N)、钾(K)、镁(m)、镁(N)、铁(zn)。此外,千叶岩母质土壤中生长的叶片的有效氮、钙、镁、锌最高,而有效磷、铁最低。土壤pH、土壤有机质和速效养分的相关性分析也显著。叶片中N、K、Ca、Mg、Fe含量与土壤养分元素含量的相关性也显著。
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引用次数: 5
Ecosystems attacked by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus:a review 木质素刺桐(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)侵袭生态系统研究进展
Pub Date : 2010-06-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.03.020
Xu Hua-chao, Luo Youqing
This paper summarized research in an arthropod community,an avian community,and a micro-ecological-environment after vegetative succession in response to an attack of pine wilt disease from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Two aspects should be considered for prevention and control of this disease:1) pest infestation methods and 2) disease influence on structure and use of wood resources. Also,at the ecosystem level,increasing tree resistance to B. xylophilus invasion as well as strategies and methods of prevention and control of the disease,should be studied. In addition,future research on pine wilt disease is discussed.[Ch,36 ref.]
本文综述了节肢动物群落、鸟类群落和植被演替后的微生态环境对松材枯萎病的响应研究。防治应从两个方面考虑:1)病虫害侵害方法;2)病害对木材资源结构和利用的影响。此外,在生态系统水平上,还应研究提高树木对嗜木镰刀菌的抗性,以及防治该病害的策略和方法。最后,对今后松树枯萎病的研究进行了展望。(Ch, 36 ref。)
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引用次数: 2
Sap flow and water consumption of Populus×euramericana '74/76' saplings from cuttings planted on the North China Plain 华北平原扦插Populus×euramericana '74/76'树苗的液流和耗水量
Pub Date : 2010-06-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.03.012
Zhou Yuan, Ma Lüyi
Simultaneous measurement with a heat balance and sap flow measuring system(Dynamax Inc.) to monitor the sap flow of Populus euramericana 74/76 and with an automatic weather recording system to record meteorological factors,such as the photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),air temperature,and relative humidity,was undertaken. According to weather records,the three most representative weather conditions (sunny,cloudy,and rainy days) were used to analyze the relationship of water use and meteorological factors. Results showed that PAR was always the dominant factor influencing sap flow,but sap flow diurnal variation and the main factors affecting it differed with weather conditions. Differences in sap flow density were the result of multi-meteorological factors,and the overall water use for saplings was in the order:sunny days > cloudy days > rainy days.[Ch,3 fig. 3 tab. 27 ref.]
利用Dynamax公司的热平衡和液流测量系统监测74/76美洲杨的液流,并利用自动气象记录系统记录光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温和相对湿度等气象因子。根据气象记录,利用三种最具代表性的天气条件(晴天、阴天和雨天)分析了水资源利用与气象因子的关系。结果表明,PAR始终是影响树液流量的主导因子,但树液流量日变化及其主要影响因素随天气条件的不同而不同。树液流密度的差异是多种气象因素共同作用的结果,树苗总体水分利用顺序为:晴天>阴天>雨天。[Ch,3,图3]27 ref。)
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引用次数: 0
Rice yield of five farmland shelter-belt models on Chongming Island,Shanghai 上海崇明岛5种农田防护林模式水稻产量分析
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.006
Shen QingYe, L. Qing, Zou Chun-jing, Zhang Chao
Farmland shelter-belts are the main component of Chongming Islands shelter forest network. The objective of this study was to select the optimum farmland shelterbelt type by determining the optimal shelter forest porosity. After choosing the main shelter forest models(Taxodium ascendens forest,mixed Metasequoia glyptostroboides(water fir)-Cryptomeria fortunei forest,M. glyptostroboides forest,Populus spp. (poplar) forest,and C. fortunei forest) and surveying the community structure,rice yield and 1 000-grain weight were determined for each shelter forest. Results showed that at different distances within the same sample plot,forest protection significantly improved rice yield and 1 000-grain weight;leaf area index also improved. Among the different models,yield increase was in the order T. ascendens>the mixed forest of M. glyptostroboides and C. fortunei>M. glyptostroboides>Populus spp.>C. fortunei. The range of shelter forest porosity was 0.31 - 0.39,and the most effective protective distance was 5H(fivefold height of the tree)-10H. In addition,the mixed forest was better than the monotypic forest with the mixed forest of M. glyptostroboides and C. fortunei being the optimal shelterbelt model. [Ch,3 fig. 3 tab. 21 ref.]
农田防护林是崇明群岛防护林网的主要组成部分。本研究的目的是通过确定最佳防护林孔隙度来选择最佳农田防护林类型。选择了主要的防护林模式(红杉林、水杉-柳杉混交林)。测定了各防护林的群落结构、水稻产量和千粒重。结果表明,在同一样地内不同距离上,森林保护显著提高了水稻产量和千粒重,叶面积指数也有所提高。在不同的模式中,产量增加的顺序为:上升杉木>草木混交林>草木混交林。木材具有>杨树spp。> C。柳杉林。防护林孔隙度范围为0.31 ~ 0.39,最有效防护距离为5H(5倍树高)~ 10h。混交林比单型林效果更好,其中草木混交林是最优的林带模式。[Ch,3,图3]21 ref。)
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引用次数: 0
Root morphology and physiological characteristics in Carya cathayensis seedlings with low phosphorus stress. 低磷胁迫下山核桃幼苗根系形态及生理特性研究
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.013
Li Yongfu, Jin Song-heng, Ye Zhengqian, Huang Jianqin, Jiang Peikun
Phosphorus(P) deficiency is one of the limiting factors to plant growth. However,scarce information is available about the effect of P deficiency on the growth of Carya cathayensis. To study root morphology,leaf photosynthesis characteristics,leaf acid phosphatase,and root secreted acid phosphatase of Carya cathayensis seedlings,a hydroponic culture experiment with treatments of sufficient P(0.1 mmolL-1) or deficient P(0.02 mmolL-1) was conducted. Results showed that compared to sufficient P,the low P treatment significantly decreased(P<0.05) plant dry weight,plant P concentration,plant P accumulation,root length,root surface area,root volume leaf photosynthetic rate,and stomatal conductance; however,there were no significant differences for intercellular CO2 concentration. Additionally,the low P treatment significantly increased (P<0.05) leaf acid phosphatase (by 135%) and root secreted acid phosphatase (by 159%). Thus,the low P treatments with decreases in leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance,but no differences for intercellular CO2 concentration,showed that leaf photosynthetic rate was not due to stomatal limitation. Also,for C. cathayensis an increase in acid phosphatase activity induced by a P deficiency could be an adaptive mechanism to low P stress.[Ch,4 fig. 1 tab. 28 ref.]
缺磷是制约植物生长的重要因素之一。然而,关于缺磷对山核桃生长的影响,目前还缺乏相关资料。为研究山核桃幼苗根系形态、叶片光合特性、叶片酸性磷酸酶和根系分泌酸性磷酸酶,采用足磷(0.1 mmol -1)和缺磷(0.02 mmol -1)两种处理进行水培试验。结果表明,与足磷处理相比,低磷处理显著降低了植株干重、植株磷浓度、植株磷积累量、根长、根表面积、根体积、叶片光合速率和气孔导度(P<0.05),但对细胞间CO2浓度无显著影响。此外,低磷处理显著提高了叶片酸性磷酸酶(135%)和根系分泌酸性磷酸酶(159%)(P<0.05)。因此,低磷处理降低了叶片光合速率和气孔导度,但细胞间CO2浓度没有差异,说明叶片光合速率不是由气孔限制的。此外,缺磷诱导的酸性磷酸酶活性升高可能是华夏山梨对低磷胁迫的适应机制。[Ch,4]图128 ref。)
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引用次数: 1
Value environment characters of crop stalks based board with life cycle assessment(LCA) 基于生命周期评价(LCA)的秸秆基板价值环境特性研究
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.008
L. Xiaoping, Z. Ding-guo, yuan yanchun
The objective of the study was to know and value the environmental characters of the crop stalks based board and valuing them qualitatively with the life cycle assessment(LCA),and compared the environmental characters of the crop stalks with the characters with the wood based board. The results show that it is benefits to protect soil resources,forestry resource,keep carbon and reduce the CO2 discharge. It also gives some suggestions about the building and managing of crop stalks based board production line in order to adapt better the development of wood-based board industry.[Ch,1 fig. 1 tab. 16 ref.]
研究的目的是了解和评价作物秸秆基板的环境特性,并用生命周期评价(LCA)对其进行定性评价,并将作物秸秆基板的环境特性与木质基板的环境特性进行比较。结果表明,该方法对保护土壤资源、森林资源、保持碳和减少CO2排放具有良好的效益。并对农作物秸秆基板生产线的建设和管理提出了建议,以期更好地适应人造板产业的发展。[Ch,1,图1,tab。]16 ref。)
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引用次数: 0
Patch characteristics of forest landscape element for Xiaokeng Small Watershed, Laoshan Nature Reserve, Anhui Province. 安徽崂山自然保护区小坑小流域森林景观要素斑块特征
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.005
Liu Xi-jun, Wu Zemin, Hu Qing-feng
In order to provide a theoretical basis for conservation and management of the forest landscape in Xiaokeng Small Watershed in Laoshan Nature Reserve,Anhui Province,the patch characteristics of forest landscape element were analyzed. The results showed that a mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest with an area of 66.5% and perimeter of 50.7% of the total research area was dominant. Phyllostachys pubescens forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and Camellia sinensis plantation comprised 25.7% of the total area and 37.9% of the perimeter. In Xiaokeng,many small patches with a relatively fine grain structure dominated the forest landscape element. The area,perimeter,and number of patches of different forest landscape element were very uneven;the distribution trend of perimeter of different forest landscape element is similar to that of area,while the distribution of the number of patches has no obvious regularity,and the order of the numbers of patches,area,perimeter is very different; the patch shape of forest landscape elements is relatively simple. Patch characteristics indicated that the degree of fragmentation for the natural broadleaf forest was lower than for artificial landscapes of Phyllostachys pubescens,Cunninghamia lanceolata,and Camellia sinensis. Therefore,to maintain sustainable development in the region,and especially to enhance protection for the broadleaf forest matrix,intense human activity and tourism should be reduced. [Ch,6 tab. 20 ref.]
为了给安徽崂山自然保护区小坑小流域森林景观的保护与管理提供理论依据,对森林景观要素的斑块特征进行了分析。结果表明:常绿与落叶混交林占研究面积的66.5%,周长占研究面积的50.7%;毛竹林、杉木林和茶树人工林分别占总面积的25.7%和周长的37.9%。在小坑地区,许多颗粒结构相对细小的小斑块主导了森林景观元素。不同森林景观要素的面积、周长、斑块数分布极不均匀;不同森林景观要素的周长分布趋势与面积分布趋势相似,斑块数分布无明显规律性,斑块数、面积、周长顺序差异较大;森林景观要素斑块形状较为单一。斑块特征表明,天然阔叶林的破碎化程度低于毛竹、杉木和山茶的人工景观。因此,为了保持该地区的可持续发展,特别是加强对阔叶林基质的保护,应减少强烈的人类活动和旅游。(Ch, 6个选项卡。20 ref。)
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引用次数: 0
二氧化钛/竹炭复合材料的吸附-光催化降解苯酚的动力学研究 二氧化钛/竹炭复合材料的吸附-光催化降解苯酚的动力学研究
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.007
程大莉, 蒋身学, 张齐生
以竹炭作为纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粒子的载体物质,制备了二氧化钛/竹炭复合材料,并以苯酚为模型物质,对其光催化性能进行了研究。研究表明,此复合材料对苯酚具有较强的吸附性能,其中吸附平衡常数Ka为0.007 7 Lmg-1,Ka与苯酶吸咐平衡质量浓度e的乘积为0.25 ~ 1.35,二氧化钛/竹炭复合体的吸附作用不能忽略。根据L-H(Langmuir-Hinshelwood)方程积分所得分数级动力学方程较一级动力学方程能更好地描述其光催化降解规律,相应的光催化降解动力学方程为ln - 0.007 7 = 6.58 - 0.002 39t(为苯酚质量浓度,t为光照时间)。图6参14
以竹炭作为纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粒子的载体物质,制备了二氧化钛/竹炭复合材料,并以苯酚为模型物质,对其光催化性能进行了研究。研究表明,此复合材料对苯酚具有较强的吸附性能,其中吸附平衡常数Ka为0.007 7 Lmg-1,Ka与苯酶吸咐平衡质量浓度e的乘积为0.25 ~ 1.35,二氧化钛/竹炭复合体的吸附作用不能忽略。根据L-H(Langmuir-Hinshelwood)方程积分所得分数级动力学方程较一级动力学方程能更好地描述其光催化降解规律,相应的光催化降解动力学方程为ln - 0.007 7 = 6.58 - 0.002 39t(为苯酚质量浓度,t为光照时间)。图6参14
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引用次数: 0
Species diversity with natural restoration in slash after control of pine wilt disease 松材枯萎病防治后自然恢复的物种多样性
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.002
W. Guoming, Zhao Ying, Chen Bin, Lu Zhuan, Chen Ye-ping, Qiu Haisheng
After a 17-year natural restoration period on Zhoushan Island,a resurvey of seven typical pine plots of masson pine(Pinus massoniana),Japanese black pine(Pinus thunbergii),and combinations of broadleaf and conifer forests,set up before occurrence of the pine wilt disease,was undertaken. Results showed that sample sites evolved to conifer-broadleaf mixed forest or broadleaf forest types with diversity of the tree layer increasing. Ranking of tree layer diversity was as follows:succession of pure masson pine forest to deciduous broadleaf forest and mixed,evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest>succession of Japanese black pine forest to deciduous broadleaf forest>succession of pure masson pine forest to conifer and broadleaf mixed forest>succession of a mixed forest of Japanese black pine and broadleaf trees to deciduous broadleaf forest>succession of a mixed forest of masson pine and broadleaf trees to evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest. Also,in the mixed forest of masson pine and broadleaf trees,diversity of regeneration layer and shrub layer decreased,in the Japanese black pine forest diversity of the regeneration layer increased,other forest stands changed little,and diversity of the herb layer decreased. After natural restoration,diversity of vegetation types exhibited little similarity. Based on the dynamic variation rule of species diversity during natural restoration as well as conditions on Zhoushan Island,species diversity should be enriched and the landscape improved with island native zonal vegetation. [Ch,2 tab. 21 ref.]
舟山岛经过17年的自然恢复期,对7个典型的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、日本黑松(Pinus thunbergii)和阔叶林与针叶林组合松病发生前建立的松样地进行了调查。结果表明:样地随着乔木层多样性的增加,逐渐向针叶阔叶混交林或阔叶林类型演化。乔木层多样性排序如下:纯马尾松林向落叶阔叶林和常绿落叶混交林的演替>日本黑松林向落叶阔叶林的演替>纯马尾松林向针叶阔叶混交林的演替>日本黑松阔叶混交林向落叶阔叶林的演替>马尾松阔叶混交林向常绿落叶阔叶林的演替。马尾松与阔叶林混交林更新层和灌木层多样性降低,黑松林更新层多样性增加,其他林分变化不大,草本层多样性降低。自然恢复后,植被类型多样性相似性不大。根据舟山岛自然恢复过程中物种多样性的动态变化规律,结合舟山岛的实际情况,应以海岛原生地带性植被丰富物种多样性,改善景观。(Ch 2选项卡。21 ref。)
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorus fertilization with Cleyera japonica seedlings 日本Cleyera japonica幼苗磷肥施用
Pub Date : 2010-04-20 DOI: 10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.010
L. Mei, Wu Jiang, Wu Jiasheng, Wu Jia-sen
Based on a pot experiment,the effects of phosphorus fertilization on growth and physiological indexes and phosphorus content in leaves of one-year-old Cleyera japonica seedlings were studied. Seven P(P2O5) levels were set,0(ck),0.125,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.625 and 0.750 gpot-1. Results showed that (1) with increasing levels of P from 0 to 0.500 gpot-1,growth and physiological indexes in C. japonica seedlings increased,whereas with P increases over 0.500 gpot-1,all indexes decreased. Also,(2) P in leaves increased with increasing levels of P from 0 to 0.500 gpot-1 but decreased gradually with further P. Finally,(3) quadric relationships between growth indexes and P were noted. Based on growth and physiological indexes for one-year-old C. japonica seedlings,proper application of P was from 0.441 to 0.603 gpot-1.[Ch,2 fig. 5 tab. 11 ref.]
通过盆栽试验,研究了施磷对一年生Cleyera japonica幼苗生长、生理指标及叶片磷含量的影响。P(P2O5)设0(ck)、0.125、0.250、0.375、0.500、0.625和0.750 gpot-1 7个水平。结果表明:(1)在0 ~ 0.500 gpot-1施磷量范围内,随着施磷量的增加,粳稻幼苗的生长和生理指标均有所提高,而在0.500 gpot-1以上施磷量增加后,各项指标均有所下降。(2)在0 ~ 0.500 gpot-1范围内,叶片磷含量随P水平的增加而增加,但随P水平的增加而逐渐降低。(3)生长指标与P呈二次曲线关系。根据1年生粳稻幼苗的生长和生理指标,磷的适宜施用量为0.441 ~ 0.603 gpot-1。[Ch,2,图5]11 ref。)
{"title":"Phosphorus fertilization with Cleyera japonica seedlings","authors":"L. Mei, Wu Jiang, Wu Jiasheng, Wu Jia-sen","doi":"10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11833/J.ISSN.2095-0756.2010.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a pot experiment,the effects of phosphorus fertilization on growth and physiological indexes and phosphorus content in leaves of one-year-old Cleyera japonica seedlings were studied. Seven P(P2O5) levels were set,0(ck),0.125,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.625 and 0.750 gpot-1. Results showed that (1) with increasing levels of P from 0 to 0.500 gpot-1,growth and physiological indexes in C. japonica seedlings increased,whereas with P increases over 0.500 gpot-1,all indexes decreased. Also,(2) P in leaves increased with increasing levels of P from 0 to 0.500 gpot-1 but decreased gradually with further P. Finally,(3) quadric relationships between growth indexes and P were noted. Based on growth and physiological indexes for one-year-old C. japonica seedlings,proper application of P was from 0.441 to 0.603 gpot-1.[Ch,2 fig. 5 tab. 11 ref.]","PeriodicalId":17498,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Zhejiang Forestry College","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80997859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Zhejiang Forestry College
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