This paper presents a new configuration of locomotion interface for walking about virtual space. Traveling on foot is the most intuitive way for locomotion. Infinite surface driven by actuators is an ideal device for creation of sense of walking. We selected a torus-shaped surface to realize the locomotion interface. The locomotion interface employs twelve sets of treadmills. These trendmills are connected side by side and driven to perpendicular direction. Infinite surface is generated by the motion of the treadmills. The walker can go to any direction while his/her position is fixed in the real world. Effectiveness of the device is tested by motion analysis and study on sense of distance.
{"title":"Walking about virtual environments on an infinite floor","authors":"Hiroo Iwata","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756964","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new configuration of locomotion interface for walking about virtual space. Traveling on foot is the most intuitive way for locomotion. Infinite surface driven by actuators is an ideal device for creation of sense of walking. We selected a torus-shaped surface to realize the locomotion interface. The locomotion interface employs twelve sets of treadmills. These trendmills are connected side by side and driven to perpendicular direction. Infinite surface is generated by the motion of the treadmills. The walker can go to any direction while his/her position is fixed in the real world. Effectiveness of the device is tested by motion analysis and study on sense of distance.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114242314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hix, J. Swan, Joseph L. Gabbard, Michael K. McGee, J. Durbin, T. King
The ever-increasing power of computers and hardware rendering systems has, to date, primarily motivated the creation of visually rich and perceptually realistic virtual environment (VE) applications. Comparatively very little effort has been expended on the user interaction components of VEs. As a result, VE user interfaces are often poorly designed and are rarely evaluated with users. Although usability engineering is a newly emerging facet of VE development, user-centered design and usability evaluation in VEs as a practice still lags far behind what is needed. This paper presents a structured, iterative approach for the user-centered design and evaluation of VE user interaction. This approach consists of the iterative use of expert heuristic evaluation, followed by formative usability evaluation, followed by summative evaluation. We describe our application of this approach to a real-world VE for battlefield visualization, describe the resulting series of design iterations, and present evidence that this approach provides a cost-effective strategy for assessing and iteratively improving user interaction design in VEs. This paper is among the first to report applying an iterative, structured, user-centered design and evaluation approach to VE user interaction design.
{"title":"User-centered design and evaluation of a real-time battlefield visualization virtual environment","authors":"D. Hix, J. Swan, Joseph L. Gabbard, Michael K. McGee, J. Durbin, T. King","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756939","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-increasing power of computers and hardware rendering systems has, to date, primarily motivated the creation of visually rich and perceptually realistic virtual environment (VE) applications. Comparatively very little effort has been expended on the user interaction components of VEs. As a result, VE user interfaces are often poorly designed and are rarely evaluated with users. Although usability engineering is a newly emerging facet of VE development, user-centered design and usability evaluation in VEs as a practice still lags far behind what is needed. This paper presents a structured, iterative approach for the user-centered design and evaluation of VE user interaction. This approach consists of the iterative use of expert heuristic evaluation, followed by formative usability evaluation, followed by summative evaluation. We describe our application of this approach to a real-world VE for battlefield visualization, describe the resulting series of design iterations, and present evidence that this approach provides a cost-effective strategy for assessing and iteratively improving user interaction design in VEs. This paper is among the first to report applying an iterative, structured, user-centered design and evaluation approach to VE user interaction design.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114711902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The real time headlight simulator is meant to provide VALEO, a worldwide car equipment manufacturer, with the means of carrying out validation tests on its new headlights from 1998 onwards. This simulator is physically exact, allowing the engineer to accurately assess and predict the performance of the headlights.
{"title":"A physically exact real time simulator for car headlight","authors":"Carmen Usón, Valeo Eclairage, P. Bouchon","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756928","url":null,"abstract":"The real time headlight simulator is meant to provide VALEO, a worldwide car equipment manufacturer, with the means of carrying out validation tests on its new headlights from 1998 onwards. This simulator is physically exact, allowing the engineer to accurately assess and predict the performance of the headlights.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122846782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Baier, M. Buss, F. Freyberger, J. Hoogen, P. Kammermeier, G. Schmidt
We present a distributed PC-based multimodal (haptic, visual and acoustic) telepresence and virtual presence system. Two desktop kinesthetic devices (DeKiFeD3 and DeKiTop3) with 3 degrees-of-freedom have been developed for multi-modal telepresence. Feedback to the human modalities of the visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile and temperature senses is generated using appropriate actuator hardware. We present several applications in virtual presence and teleoperation in physical remote environments.
{"title":"Distributed PC-based haptic, visual and acoustic telepresence system-experiments in virtual and remote environments","authors":"H. Baier, M. Buss, F. Freyberger, J. Hoogen, P. Kammermeier, G. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756942","url":null,"abstract":"We present a distributed PC-based multimodal (haptic, visual and acoustic) telepresence and virtual presence system. Two desktop kinesthetic devices (DeKiFeD3 and DeKiTop3) with 3 degrees-of-freedom have been developed for multi-modal telepresence. Feedback to the human modalities of the visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile and temperature senses is generated using appropriate actuator hardware. We present several applications in virtual presence and teleoperation in physical remote environments.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127905402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Hotz, Andreas Kerzmann, C. Lennerz, R. Schmid, E. Schömer, T. Warken
The paper discusses SiLVIA simulation library. The main purpose of SiLVIA is to supply procedures for simulating the dynamics of colliding rigid bodies and the interactive manipulation of these bodies in virtual environments. Detecting collisions between virtual objects and calculating their reaction to these collisions play an important role in VR applications such as ergonomy, studies or virtual assembly simulations.
{"title":"SiLVIA-a simulation library for virtual reality applications","authors":"G. Hotz, Andreas Kerzmann, C. Lennerz, R. Schmid, E. Schömer, T. Warken","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756934","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses SiLVIA simulation library. The main purpose of SiLVIA is to supply procedures for simulating the dynamics of colliding rigid bodies and the interactive manipulation of these bodies in virtual environments. Detecting collisions between virtual objects and calculating their reaction to these collisions play an important role in VR applications such as ergonomy, studies or virtual assembly simulations.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117282459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eddy Kuo, M. Lanzagorta, R. Rosenberg, S. Julier, J. Summers
We describe the efforts being carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) towards VR scientific visualization. We are exploring scientific visualization in an immersive virtual environment: the NRL's CAVE/sup TM/-like device known as GROTTO (Graphical room for observation, Training and Tactical Orientation). We describe the AVS GROTTO viewer, a VR interface to the AVS visualization system. The AVS GROTTO viewer has been used by a number of scientists in current, ongoing research projects within NRL.
{"title":"VR scientific visualization in the GROTTO","authors":"Eddy Kuo, M. Lanzagorta, R. Rosenberg, S. Julier, J. Summers","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756933","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the efforts being carried out at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) towards VR scientific visualization. We are exploring scientific visualization in an immersive virtual environment: the NRL's CAVE/sup TM/-like device known as GROTTO (Graphical room for observation, Training and Tactical Orientation). We describe the AVS GROTTO viewer, a VR interface to the AVS visualization system. The AVS GROTTO viewer has been used by a number of scientists in current, ongoing research projects within NRL.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116450882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have created an immersive application for statistical graphics and have investigated what benefits it offers over more traditional data analysis tools. We present a description of both the traditional data analysis tools and our virtual environment, and results of an experiment designed to determine if an immersive environment based on the XGobi desktop system provides advantages over XGobi for analysis of high-dimensional statistical data. The experiment included two aspects of each environment: three structure detection (visualization) tasks and one ease of interaction task. The subjects were given these tasks in both the C2 virtual environment and a workstation running XGobi. The experiment results showed an improvement in participants' ability to perform structure detection tasks in the C2 to their performance in the desktop environment. However, participants were more comfortable with the interaction tools in the desktop system.
{"title":"The benefits of statistical visualization in an immersive environment","authors":"Laura L. Arns, D. Cook, C. Cruz-Neira","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756938","url":null,"abstract":"We have created an immersive application for statistical graphics and have investigated what benefits it offers over more traditional data analysis tools. We present a description of both the traditional data analysis tools and our virtual environment, and results of an experiment designed to determine if an immersive environment based on the XGobi desktop system provides advantages over XGobi for analysis of high-dimensional statistical data. The experiment included two aspects of each environment: three structure detection (visualization) tasks and one ease of interaction task. The subjects were given these tasks in both the C2 virtual environment and a workstation running XGobi. The experiment results showed an improvement in participants' ability to perform structure detection tasks in the C2 to their performance in the desktop environment. However, participants were more comfortable with the interaction tools in the desktop system.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126533962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianping Shi, Thomas J. Smith, John P. Granieri, N. Badler
Creation of compelling 3-dimensional, multi-user virtual worlds for education and training applications requires a high degree of realism in the appearance, interaction, and behavior of avatars within the scene. Our goal is to develop and/or adapt existing 3-dimensional technologies to provide training scenarios across the Internet in a form as close as possible to the appearance and interaction expected of live situations with human participants. We have produced a prototype system, JackMOO, which combines Jack, a virtual human system, and LambdaMOO, a multiuser; network-accessible, programmable, interactive server: Jack provides the visual realization of avatars and other objects. LambdaMOO provides the Web-accessible communication, programmability, and persistent object database. The combined JackMOO allows us to store the richer semantic information necessitated by the scope and range of human actions that an avatar must portray, and to express those actions in the form of imperative sentences. We describe JackMOO, its components, and a prototype application with five virtual human agents.
{"title":"Smart avatars in JackMOO","authors":"Jianping Shi, Thomas J. Smith, John P. Granieri, N. Badler","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756946","url":null,"abstract":"Creation of compelling 3-dimensional, multi-user virtual worlds for education and training applications requires a high degree of realism in the appearance, interaction, and behavior of avatars within the scene. Our goal is to develop and/or adapt existing 3-dimensional technologies to provide training scenarios across the Internet in a form as close as possible to the appearance and interaction expected of live situations with human participants. We have produced a prototype system, JackMOO, which combines Jack, a virtual human system, and LambdaMOO, a multiuser; network-accessible, programmable, interactive server: Jack provides the visual realization of avatars and other objects. LambdaMOO provides the Web-accessible communication, programmability, and persistent object database. The combined JackMOO allows us to store the richer semantic information necessitated by the scope and range of human actions that an avatar must portray, and to express those actions in the form of imperative sentences. We describe JackMOO, its components, and a prototype application with five virtual human agents.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of virtual environments usually concentrates on constructing a realistic visual simulation and ignores the non-visual cues normally associated with moving through an environment. The lack of the normal complement of cues may contribute to cybersickness and may affect operator performance. Previously (1998) we described the effect of adding vestibular cues during passive linear motion and showed an unexpected dominance of the vestibular cue in determining the magnitude of the perceived motion. Here we vary the relative magnitude of the visual and vestibular cues and describe a simple linear summation model that predicts the resulting perceived magnitude of motion. The model suggests that designers of virtual reality displays should add vestibular information in a ratio of one to four with the visual motion to obtain convincing and accurate performance.
{"title":"Vestibular cues and virtual environments: choosing the magnitude of the vestibular cue","authors":"L. Harris, M. Jenkin, D. Zikovitz","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756956","url":null,"abstract":"The design of virtual environments usually concentrates on constructing a realistic visual simulation and ignores the non-visual cues normally associated with moving through an environment. The lack of the normal complement of cues may contribute to cybersickness and may affect operator performance. Previously (1998) we described the effect of adding vestibular cues during passive linear motion and showed an unexpected dominance of the vestibular cue in determining the magnitude of the perceived motion. Here we vary the relative magnitude of the visual and vestibular cues and describe a simple linear summation model that predicts the resulting perceived magnitude of motion. The model suggests that designers of virtual reality displays should add vestibular information in a ratio of one to four with the visual motion to obtain convincing and accurate performance.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jayaram, Yong Wang, U. Jayaram, K. Lyons, Peter Hart
The Virtual Assembly Design Environment (VADE) is a virtual reality (VR) based engineering application which allows engineers to evaluate, analyze, and plan the assembly of mechanical systems. This system focuses on utilizing an immersive virtual environment tightly coupled with commercial computer aided design (CAD) systems. Salient features of VADE include: data integration (two-way) with a parametric CAD system; realistic interaction of the user with parts in the virtual environment; creation of valued design information in the virtual environment; reverse data transfer of design information back to the CAD system; significant interactivity in the virtual environment; collision detection; and physically-based modeling. This paper describes the functionality and applications of VADE. A discussion of the limitations of virtual assembly and a comparison with automated assembly planning systems are presented. Experiments conducted using real-world engineering models are also described.
{"title":"A Virtual Assembly Design Environment","authors":"S. Jayaram, Yong Wang, U. Jayaram, K. Lyons, Peter Hart","doi":"10.1109/VR.1999.756948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.1999.756948","url":null,"abstract":"The Virtual Assembly Design Environment (VADE) is a virtual reality (VR) based engineering application which allows engineers to evaluate, analyze, and plan the assembly of mechanical systems. This system focuses on utilizing an immersive virtual environment tightly coupled with commercial computer aided design (CAD) systems. Salient features of VADE include: data integration (two-way) with a parametric CAD system; realistic interaction of the user with parts in the virtual environment; creation of valued design information in the virtual environment; reverse data transfer of design information back to the CAD system; significant interactivity in the virtual environment; collision detection; and physically-based modeling. This paper describes the functionality and applications of VADE. A discussion of the limitations of virtual assembly and a comparison with automated assembly planning systems are presented. Experiments conducted using real-world engineering models are also described.","PeriodicalId":175913,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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