Cinema has been playing one of the most significant influences in our modern life. A lot of countries are involved in filmmaking, so the Iranian has been actively involved in cinema which has become famous across the world. Iranian cinema offers a fascinating even astonishing masterwork; it gives an artistic sophistication, mesmerisation, and passionate significance to humanism. While Hollywood, dominated by flashy fantasies, has put up many national cinemas out of business, Iran's filmmakers have still continued to influence the world audience with their unique and notable formal ingenuity and adherence to real-life people and their problems. In the international arena, Iranian cinema inspired successive generations. There has never been a bit of a moment in the history of Iranian cinema when it remained restricted to its current domains or boundary. Iranian cinema is huge and heterogeneous in its character, as are the historical-cultural, political, and social aspects of Iran itself. 'Realism' in Iranian films can be elucidated through different models or patterns, which has been attempted to deal with in this paper.
{"title":"REFLECTIONS ON THE INTERFACE WITH REALITIES AND IDEAS: AN OVERVIEW OF IRANIAN CINEMA","authors":"M. Laeeq Khan","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.72","url":null,"abstract":"Cinema has been playing one of the most significant influences in our modern life. A lot of countries are involved in filmmaking, so the Iranian has been actively involved in cinema which has become famous across the world. Iranian cinema offers a fascinating even astonishing masterwork; it gives an artistic sophistication, mesmerisation, and passionate significance to humanism. While Hollywood, dominated by flashy fantasies, has put up many national cinemas out of business, Iran's filmmakers have still continued to influence the world audience with their unique and notable formal ingenuity and adherence to real-life people and their problems. In the international arena, Iranian cinema inspired successive generations. There has never been a bit of a moment in the history of Iranian cinema when it remained restricted to its current domains or boundary. Iranian cinema is huge and heterogeneous in its character, as are the historical-cultural, political, and social aspects of Iran itself. 'Realism' in Iranian films can be elucidated through different models or patterns, which has been attempted to deal with in this paper.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115747055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
understanding of the Sufis - love for God. The work glorifies the love of a person for the Creator, and also preaches spiritual values - love and compassion for one's neighbor, the philosophy of boundless, all-encompassing love.
{"title":"The plot-compositional level of Alisher Navai’s \"Leyla Majnun\"","authors":"Dr. Muhayya Abdurahmanova","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.71","url":null,"abstract":"understanding of the Sufis - love for God. The work glorifies the love of a person for the Creator, and also preaches spiritual values - love and compassion for one's neighbor, the philosophy of boundless, all-encompassing love.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115491391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian Muslims during second half of nineteenth century witnessed significant changes in their socio-political and economic conditions. The men of intellect among the community sought the redressal of the despondency within Muslims through varied approaches of reformation. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was prominent among these reformers who advocated the necessity of western-modern education as a panacea for the deprived conditions of Muslims. Although not being antagonistic towards the education in principle but he disapproved the modern education for women and limited his mission of education only to men. He upheld the traditional model of education suitable for women and thus drew criticism from academic circle. In this paper an attempt is made to revisit the already existing debate regarding Sir Syed’s stance on education of women. An attempt to provide the plausible reasons which might have influenced Sir Syed’s opinion would be accounted. In the light of primary sources how his personal life, social standing and prevailing circumstances molded his opinion would be highlighted which would help in situating the reformer in a balanced perspective.
19世纪下半叶，印度穆斯林的社会政治和经济状况发生了重大变化。社区中的智者们通过各种改革的方法来寻求对穆斯林内部沮丧情绪的补救。在这些改革者中，赛义德•艾哈迈德•汗爵士(Sir Syed Ahmed Khan)非常突出，他主张西方现代教育是改善穆斯林贫困状况的灵丹妙药。虽然他在原则上并不反对教育，但他不赞成现代女性教育，并将自己的教育使命局限于男性。他坚持适合女性的传统教育模式，因此受到学术界的批评。在本文中，试图重新审视已经存在的关于赛义德爵士对妇女教育的立场的辩论。试图提供可能影响赛义德爵士的观点的合理理由将被考虑在内。根据第一手资料，将强调他的个人生活、社会地位和当时的环境如何塑造了他的观点，这将有助于把改革者置于一个平衡的角度。
{"title":"Revisiting a Fractured Legacy: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Muslim Women Education.","authors":"Dr. Ishtiaq Hussain ","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.74","url":null,"abstract":"Indian Muslims during second half of nineteenth century witnessed significant changes in their socio-political and economic conditions. The men of intellect among the community sought the redressal of the despondency within Muslims through varied approaches of reformation. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was prominent among these reformers who advocated the necessity of western-modern education as a panacea for the deprived conditions of Muslims. Although not being antagonistic towards the education in principle but he disapproved the modern education for women and limited his mission of education only to men. He upheld the traditional model of education suitable for women and thus drew criticism from academic circle. In this paper an attempt is made to revisit the already existing debate regarding Sir Syed’s stance on education of women. An attempt to provide the plausible reasons which might have influenced Sir Syed’s opinion would be accounted. In the light of primary sources how his personal life, social standing and prevailing circumstances molded his opinion would be highlighted which would help in situating the reformer in a balanced perspective.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128534808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afghanistan has assumed a paramount leverage on and pivotal position in the Central and South Asian region due to its undeniably geo-political uniqueness. In this region Pakistan being the immediate bordering country get immediate fall out of any turmoil within Afghanistan. The three decades long war in Afghanistan has changed entirely the internal and external security parameters and paradigm in Pakistan. Since 9/11 Pakistan role in the war on terror has been unflinching, nonetheless, the losses in terms of human lives and material suffered by her during this long period have exceeded the gains. The questions related to Taliban and reconciliation process, Afghan refugees, transit trade and Pakistan-Afghanistan border have dominated public discourses, narratives and therefore, relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan. All these issues have dimensions in the realm of Pakistan’s foreign and security policies, economy and internal stability. These problems are interlinked and have therefore, locked the relations in a vicious cycle. At this stage, managing these irritants shrewdly and gradually building the kind of mutual trust that would allow empathy to develop on both sides would be a good option. Scarlet thread in Pak-Afghan relationship is to have a friendly Afghanistan or at least, a neutral Afghanistan. It will not only stabilize Pakistan’s internal situation but in future enable Pakistan and India work together to improve bilateral relations. Pakistan’s interests would be best served by adopting policies grounded in the existing realities and determining priorities within that realm. Influence can be sustained or built through soft power, mutual cooperation and an outlook that would strengthen areas of convergence. Diplomacy through media should be minimized. Border management issues have great significance. Once Pakistan has physically and politically established its writ over the international borders, situation could incrementally tilt in Pakistan’s favour, though, this is, presently, a tricky issue.
{"title":"Post 9/11 Dimensions of Pak-Afghan Relations","authors":"Muhammad Tariq","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Afghanistan has assumed a paramount leverage on and pivotal position in the Central and South Asian region due to its undeniably geo-political uniqueness. In this region Pakistan being the immediate bordering country get immediate fall out of any turmoil within Afghanistan. The three decades long war in Afghanistan has changed entirely the internal and external security parameters and paradigm in Pakistan. Since 9/11 Pakistan role in the war on terror has been unflinching, nonetheless, the losses in terms of human lives and material suffered by her during this long period have exceeded the gains. The questions related to Taliban and reconciliation process, Afghan refugees, transit trade and Pakistan-Afghanistan border have dominated public discourses, narratives and therefore, relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan. All these issues have dimensions in the realm of Pakistan’s foreign and security policies, economy and internal stability. These problems are interlinked and have therefore, locked the relations in a vicious cycle. At this stage, managing these irritants shrewdly and gradually building the kind of mutual trust that would allow empathy to develop on both sides would be a good option. Scarlet thread in Pak-Afghan relationship is to have a friendly Afghanistan or at least, a neutral Afghanistan. It will not only stabilize Pakistan’s internal situation but in future enable Pakistan and India work together to improve bilateral relations. Pakistan’s interests would be best served by adopting policies grounded in the existing realities and determining priorities within that realm. Influence can be sustained or built through soft power, mutual cooperation and an outlook that would strengthen areas of convergence. Diplomacy through media should be minimized. Border management issues have great significance. Once Pakistan has physically and politically established its writ over the international borders, situation could incrementally tilt in Pakistan’s favour, though, this is, presently, a tricky issue.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129600948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is well known fact that Ghazanfar is one of the important writers in the field of contemporary Urdu literature. He is multidimensional writer but in this article. I have focused only on his fiction specially novel nigari. He has written nine novels on different topics. He contributed many new things in Urdu novel. He introduced dalit. Discours in Urdu fiction. His novel Divya Bani first novel on dalit problem in Urdu. He also wrote fusun campus novel first time in Urdu. The language of Ghazanfar fiction is also different from his contemporary writers. He language is very creative and also symbolic but his symbols are not difficult and embigus. He has also experimented in form and technic in Urdu novel.
{"title":"\"Abiasa\" A symbolic expression of the contradictions and conflicts of human life","authors":"Prof. Sagheer Ifrahim Ifrahim","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.64","url":null,"abstract":"This is well known fact that Ghazanfar is one of the important writers in the field of contemporary Urdu literature. He is multidimensional writer but in this article. I have focused only on his fiction specially novel nigari. He has written nine novels on different topics. He contributed many new things in Urdu novel. He introduced dalit. Discours in Urdu fiction. His novel Divya Bani first novel on dalit problem in Urdu. He also wrote fusun campus novel first time in Urdu. The language of Ghazanfar fiction is also different from his contemporary writers. He language is very creative and also symbolic but his symbols are not difficult and embigus. He has also experimented in form and technic in Urdu novel.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117240410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article talks about exactly where the Urdu language was born, what stages it went through in its development, the influence of the Arabic and Persian languages and Islamic culture on the Urdu language, and the final scientific conclusions are given.
{"title":"The Problem Of The Origin Of The Urdu Language And The Extent Of The Influence Of The Arabic And Persian Languages On It","authors":"Shahjahan Sadullayev, Dr. Muhayya Abdurahmanova","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.73","url":null,"abstract":"This article talks about exactly where the Urdu language was born, what stages it went through in its development, the influence of the Arabic and Persian languages and Islamic culture on the Urdu language, and the final scientific conclusions are given.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116026879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imraz Muhammad Imraz, Dr. Muhammad Tariq, Dr. Saima Perveen
This research deals with the ups and downs in the socio-economic development of Pakistan in light of the economic theory of IbnKhaldun (1332-1406 AD). He evaluated dynamics and multidisciplinary approach that how the interconnected relationship of social and economic factors leads to ascend and descend the nations. His opinion, immorality, injustice and many other social evils are the indicators of unstable development, which caused fall of society. Like opinion of Khaldun, the researcher analysed number of factors which are responsible for rising and falling the socio-economic situations of Pakistan. Further, the consequences of the slow growth, poverty, lack of good governance, sectarianism and poor law and order situation have also pointed out. This paper focusses on those social, political and economic indicators which are directly or indirectly influence the rise and fall of socio-economic development in Pakistan. If Khaldun’s theory of economic development of nations applied, it will lead to the rise of society, because social and political stability is a good omen for development. This paper analysed the Khaldun’s economic model and compare it with socio-economic situation of Pakistan.
{"title":"A Study of IbnKhaldun’s Discourses on Socio-Economic Development with Special Reference to Pakistan","authors":"Imraz Muhammad Imraz, Dr. Muhammad Tariq, Dr. Saima Perveen","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.69","url":null,"abstract":"This research deals with the ups and downs in the socio-economic development of Pakistan in light of the economic theory of IbnKhaldun (1332-1406 AD). He evaluated dynamics and multidisciplinary approach that how the interconnected relationship of social and economic factors leads to ascend and descend the nations. His opinion, immorality, injustice and many other social evils are the indicators of unstable development, which caused fall of society. Like opinion of Khaldun, the researcher analysed number of factors which are responsible for rising and falling the socio-economic situations of Pakistan. Further, the consequences of the slow growth, poverty, lack of good governance, sectarianism and poor law and order situation have also pointed out. This paper focusses on those social, political and economic indicators which are directly or indirectly influence the rise and fall of socio-economic development in Pakistan. If Khaldun’s theory of economic development of nations applied, it will lead to the rise of society, because social and political stability is a good omen for development. This paper analysed the Khaldun’s economic model and compare it with socio-economic situation of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115657772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper the heroic works done by the great sir Syed Ahmed khan in the field of reformation of Indian especially Muslim society have been described in Dastani form. Sir Syed Ahmed khan wanted to remove the evils and obstacles from the Muslim community through modern education. He emphasized on wisdom. According to him there were three main obstacles; and he had to fight them; The old traditions of his own society The British rulers who wanted to enslave every Indian. The other big community of India who took Muslims as their enemy. In this article I have tried my best to show that Sir Syed Ahmed khan was a Dastani (hearoric character) who did the heroic tasks beyond imagination. I also used the Dastani language.
{"title":"Marde Kherad mand o junu pasand","authors":"Prof. Ghazanfar Ghazanfar","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i2.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.70","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the heroic works done by the great sir Syed Ahmed khan in the field of reformation of Indian especially Muslim society have been described in Dastani form. \u0000Sir Syed Ahmed khan wanted to remove the evils and obstacles from the Muslim community through modern education. He emphasized on wisdom. According to him there were three main obstacles; and he had to fight them; \u0000 \u0000The old traditions of his own society \u0000The British rulers who wanted to enslave every Indian. \u0000The other big community of India who took Muslims as their enemy. \u0000 \u0000In this article I have tried my best to show that Sir Syed Ahmed khan was a Dastani (hearoric character) who did the heroic tasks beyond imagination. I also used the Dastani language.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132200937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayyeda Bakhtawar shah Shafaq’s collection of poems has a lot of good traits and many characteristics of effective poetry. In Haripur, there is a dire need of an experienced poetess like her before. This essential necessity was fulfilled by her beautiful poetry having the qualities of thought provoking subjects creativity and impact on messes. The different aspect of her poetry are about the relationship of life with this material world, exploring the mysteries of humanity prevailed throughout the global and separation of the cherished people as well as of the things and how much impressive their separation is for the inhabitants here. Her poetry also deals with human social issues and their recognition in a unique way. Melody and cynicism are also presented by her verses. Her innocence and simplicity of nature shine through her work. She portrays ups and down and many bitter realities of human life but not in a convention way aspeactised by others.
{"title":"An important star of women's literature in Haripur","authors":"Javeria Aziz J.Aziz","doi":"10.56765/rq.v2i1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i1.60","url":null,"abstract":"Sayyeda Bakhtawar shah Shafaq’s collection of poems has a lot of good traits and many characteristics of effective poetry. In Haripur, there is a dire need of an experienced poetess like her before. This essential necessity was fulfilled by her beautiful poetry having the qualities of thought provoking subjects creativity and impact on messes. The different aspect of her poetry are about the relationship of life with this material world, exploring the mysteries of humanity prevailed throughout the global and separation of the cherished people as well as of the things and how much impressive their separation is for the inhabitants here. Her poetry also deals with human social issues and their recognition in a unique way. Melody and cynicism are also presented by her verses. Her innocence and simplicity of nature shine through her work. She portrays ups and down and many bitter realities of human life but not in a convention way aspeactised by others.","PeriodicalId":176280,"journal":{"name":"Rashhat-e-Qalam","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129716143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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