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2022 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)最新文献

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Extended Target Tracking with a Particle Filter Using State Dependent Target Measurement Models 基于状态相关目标测量模型的粒子滤波扩展目标跟踪
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841237
Martin Michaelis, Philipp Berthold, T. Luettel, Hans-Joachim Wünsche
This paper presents an extended object tracking algorithm. We model visibility constraints in the measurement process. A sequential importance sampling and resampling particle filter is used, which permits a flexible modeling of the target shape. We compare our method to the standard approach of just rotating and translating the target extent model. Our approach is applicable for both radar and LiDAR sensors. Results are presented in a a simulated scenario with LiDAR data. A proof of concept is conducted in a real world scenario with radar data.
本文提出了一种扩展的目标跟踪算法。我们对测量过程中的可见性约束进行建模。采用顺序重要采样和重采样粒子滤波器,实现了目标形状的灵活建模。我们将我们的方法与仅仅旋转和平移目标范围模型的标准方法进行了比较。我们的方法适用于雷达和激光雷达传感器。在激光雷达数据的模拟场景中给出了结果。在雷达数据的真实世界场景中进行了概念验证。
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引用次数: 3
On the Use of Multi-correlator Values as Sufficient Statistics as Basis for Flexible Ultra-tight GNSS/INS Integration Developments 利用多相关器值作为充分统计数据作为灵活的超紧密GNSS/INS集成发展的基础
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841253
M. Bochkati, Jürgen Dampf, T. Pany
Within an ultra-tightly (or deeply) integrated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial navigation system (INS) GNSS/INS, GNSS signal correlation delivers correlator values as input to the integration filter. On the other side, the integration filter controls the correlation process by determining the numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) values. As GNSS signal correlation is a computational trivial but a time-consuming process, we propose for R&D in this area an alternative approach to first generate for each GNSS signal multi-correlator values and store them for the later GNSS/INS filter development work. Once the filter runs, it interpolates from the multi-correlator values the actual needed correlation values. The multi-correlator values thus act like a data compression for the GNSS signals. This paper discusses the mathematical framework for this data compression, which is loosely described as a sufficient statistic. This statistic consists of the correlation values themselves plus the NCO values that have been used during the correlation process. The generation and interpolation process will be described in this contribution with all mathematical details, as well as interpolation limits in code phase and Doppler direction. Finally, this approach is validated by comparison of global positioning system (GPS) C/A code pseudorange and carrier phase data from direct tracking to results originate from a MATLAB-based receiver which uses the multi-correlator values as sufficient statistics.
在超紧密(或深度)集成全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)和惯性导航系统(INS) GNSS/INS中,GNSS信号相关提供相关器值作为集成滤波器的输入。另一方面,积分滤波器通过确定数控振荡器(NCO)值来控制相关过程。由于GNSS信号相关是一个计算琐碎但耗时的过程,我们为该领域的研发提出了一种替代方法,即首先为每个GNSS信号生成多相关器值,并将其存储为以后的GNSS/INS滤波器开发工作。一旦过滤器运行,它从多相关器值插入实际需要的相关值。因此,多相关器值就像GNSS信号的数据压缩。本文讨论了这种数据压缩的数学框架,它被粗略地描述为一个充分统计量。该统计数据由相关值本身加上相关过程中使用的NCO值组成。生成和插值过程将在本贡献中描述所有数学细节,以及码相位和多普勒方向的插值限制。最后,通过将全球定位系统(GPS) C/A代码伪距和直接跟踪的载波相位数据与基于matlab的接收机的结果进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
A comparison between PMBM Bayesian track initiation and labelled RFS adaptive birth PMBM贝叶斯航迹起始与标记RFS自适应出生的比较
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2207.06156
'Angel F. Garc'ia-Fern'andez, Yuxuan Xia, L. Svensson
This paper provides a comparative analysis between the adaptive birth model used in the labelled random finite set literature and the track initiation in the Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter, with point-target models. The PMBM track initiation is obtained via Bayes' rule applied on the pre-dicted PMBM density, and creates one Bernoulli component for each received measurement, representing that this measurement may be clutter or a detection from a new target. Adaptive birth mimics this procedure by creating a Bernoulli component for each measurement using a different rule to determine the probability of existence and a user-defined single-target density. This paper first provides an analysis of the differences that arise in track initiation based on isolated measurements. Then, it shows that adaptive birth underestimates the number of objects present in the surveillance area under common modelling assumptions. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to further illustrate the differences.
本文比较分析了标记随机有限集文献中使用的自适应出生模型与点目标模型下泊松-多-伯努利混合(PMBM)滤波器中的轨迹起始。PMBM航迹起始通过贝叶斯规则应用于预测的PMBM密度获得,并为每个接收到的测量创建一个伯努利分量,表示该测量可能是杂波或来自新目标的检测。自适应出生模拟了这一过程,通过使用不同的规则为每个测量创建伯努利分量来确定存在的概率和用户定义的单目标密度。本文首先分析了基于孤立测量的轨迹起爆产生的差异。然后,研究表明,在常见的建模假设下,自适应出生低估了监视区域中存在的物体数量。最后,我们提供了数值模拟来进一步说明差异。
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引用次数: 4
Recursive Joint Cramér-Rao Lower Bound for Nonlinear Parametric Systems with Colored Noise 带有色噪声非线性参数系统的递归联合cram<s:1> - rao下界
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841285
Xianqing Li, Z. Duan, U. Hanebeck
The performance evaluation for joint state and parameter estimation (JSPE) is of great significance. Joint Cramér-Rao lower bound (JCRLB) has been widely studied for JSPE of nonlinear parametric systems with white noise. However, in practice, the noise is often colored due to high measurement frequency and bandlimited signal channels. In this paper, a recursive JCRLB is developed for JSPE of nonlinear parametric systems with colored noise, characterized by auto-regressive (AR) models. First, we propose a unified recursive JCRLB for JSPE of general nonlinear parametric systems with higher-order autocorrelated process noises and autocorrelated measurement noise simultaneously. Then its relationship with the posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) for filtering of nonlinear systems with colored noise and the hybrid Cramér-Rao lower bound (HCRLB) for JSPE of regular parametric systems with white noise are provided. Illustrative examples in radar target tracking verify the effectiveness of the proposed JCRLB for the performance evaluation for JSPE of nonlinear parametric systems with colored noise.
联合状态与参数估计(JSPE)的性能评价具有重要意义。含白噪声的非线性参数系统的联合cram - rao下界(JCRLB)得到了广泛的研究。但在实际应用中,由于测量频率高,信号通道受限,噪声往往是有色的。针对具有自回归(AR)模型的有色噪声非线性参数系统的JSPE问题,提出了一种递归JCRLB算法。首先,针对同时存在高阶自相关过程噪声和自相关测量噪声的一般非线性参数系统的JSPE问题,提出了一种统一的递归JCRLB。然后给出了它与滤波有色噪声非线性系统的后交cramsamr - rao下界(PCRLB)和滤波白噪声正则参数系统的JSPE的混合cramsamr - rao下界(HCRLB)的关系。雷达目标跟踪算例验证了JCRLB对有色噪声非线性参数系统JSPE性能评价的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Fusion of sentence embeddings for news retrieval 面向新闻检索的句子嵌入融合
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841228
Federico Urli, Emiliano Versini, L. Snidaro
The availability of a vast quantity of information from news channels and social media, make it often difficult to find and follow specific events. This applies to both casual readers and to intelligence and emergency response analysts. In particular, the latter need to find and process relevant information within sense-making, situation and impact assessment processes. The automatic retrieval and tracking of news has been addressed by a good number of works in the information retrieval literature. However, there is a strong potential for introducing automatic systems employing information fusion methods and techniques to assist decision makers. In the field of deep learning, several techniques for text encoding have been proposed, which have allowed significant progress also in the field of news retrieval and ranking. The objective of this paper is to explore the usage and combination of different pre-trained sentence embeddings, including multimodal ones, obtained from different parts of text that compose a news story. This in order to understand which type of technique is best for encoding the different information available in online news.
由于新闻频道和社交媒体提供了大量信息,因此往往很难找到和跟踪具体事件。这既适用于普通读者,也适用于情报和应急响应分析师。特别是后者需要在意义制定、情况和影响评估过程中寻找和处理有关资料。新闻的自动检索与跟踪问题在信息检索文献中已得到了大量的论述。然而,引入采用信息融合方法和技术的自动系统来协助决策者有很大的潜力。在深度学习领域,已经提出了几种文本编码技术,这些技术在新闻检索和排名领域也取得了重大进展。本文的目的是探索从组成新闻故事的文本的不同部分获得的不同预训练的句子嵌入的使用和组合,包括多模态嵌入。这是为了了解哪种技术最适合对在线新闻中可用的不同信息进行编码。
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引用次数: 1
A Comparison of Correlation-Agnostic Techniques for Magnetic Navigation 磁导航中不相关不可知技术的比较
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841293
Joshua Hiatt, Clark N. Taylor
Navigation using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is common for autonomous vehicles (ground or air). Unfortunately, GNSS-based navigation solutions are often susceptible to jamming, interference, and a limited number of satellites. A proposed technique to aid in navigation when a GNSS-based system fails is magnetic navigation - navigation using the Earth's magnetic anomaly field. This solution comes with its own set of problems including the need for quality magnetic maps in every area in which magnetic navigation will be used. Many of the currently available magnetic maps are generated from a combination of dated magnetic surveys, resulting in maps riddled with spatially correlated errors, the correlation structure of which is largely unknown. The correlations are further confounded while navigating because they depend on how fast a vehicle moves through the map in addition to the original correlated error structure. Traditionally, this spatial correlation has been handled by introducing a First Order Gauss-Markov (FOGM) noise model into the estimation routine, with the FOGM parameters set somewhat arbitrarily. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using correlation agnostic fusion techniques (i.e., Covariance Intersection and Probabilistically Conservative Fusion) for magnetic navigation. These techniques have the advantage of not requiring any parameter tuning; the same method and tuning parameters are used regardless of the spatial correlation. We demonstrate that utilizing probabilistically conservative fusion leads to navigation results that are better than many tuned approaches and reasonably close to the best possible tuning parameters of a FOGM.
使用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)进行导航对于自动驾驶车辆(地面或空中)来说很常见。不幸的是,基于gnss的导航解决方案往往容易受到干扰和卫星数量有限的影响。当基于gnss的系统出现故障时,一种被提议的辅助导航技术是磁导航——利用地球磁异常场进行导航。这种解决方案有其自身的一系列问题,包括在使用磁导航的每个区域都需要高质量的磁地图。目前可用的许多磁图都是由过时的磁测量组合而成的,导致地图上充斥着空间相关误差,其相关结构在很大程度上是未知的。在导航时,相关性会进一步混淆,因为除了原始的相关误差结构外,它们还取决于车辆在地图上移动的速度。传统上,这种空间相关性是通过在估计程序中引入一阶高斯-马尔可夫(FOGM)噪声模型来处理的,FOGM参数的设置有些随意。在本文中,我们研究了使用相关不可知融合技术(即协方差交叉和概率保守融合)用于磁导航的可能性。这些技术的优点是不需要任何参数调优;无论空间相关性如何,都使用相同的方法和调优参数。我们证明了利用概率保守融合导致的导航结果比许多调谐方法更好,并且合理地接近于FOGM的最佳可能调谐参数。
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引用次数: 0
Track-to- Track Fusion for Elliptical Extended Targets Parameterized with Orientation and Semi-Axes Lengths 用方向和半轴长度参数化的椭圆扩展目标的航迹融合
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841310
Kolja Thormann, M. Baum
Track-to-track fusion considers the problem of fusing multiple tracks (e.g., from different sensor nodes) of the same target object. In case the spatial extent of the target object is estimated, unique challenges for the track-to-track fusion method arise, e.g., there may be ambiguities in the parameterization. In this work, we present an approach for distributed track-to-track fusion in case of elliptical extend targets, where correlations from common prior and process noise are explicitly incorporated. The approach is based on the previously introduced Random Ellipse Density (RED) framework, which deals with ambiguous ellipse representations and utilizes a Minimum Mean Gaussian Wasserstein (MMGW) estimator that is optimal with respect to the Gaussian Wasserstein (GW) distance. We provide simulated experiments in which measurements from different sensors are tracked by elliptic extended object trackers, fusing the trackers' estimates to improve the estimation.
航迹到航迹融合考虑了同一目标物体的多航迹(例如来自不同传感器节点的航迹)融合问题。在对目标物体的空间范围进行估计的情况下,航迹到航迹融合方法面临着独特的挑战,例如,参数化可能存在歧义。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种针对椭圆扩展目标的分布式航迹到航迹融合方法,其中明确地结合了来自共同先验和过程噪声的相关性。该方法基于之前引入的随机椭圆密度(RED)框架,该框架处理模棱两可的椭圆表示,并利用相对于高斯瓦瑟斯坦(GW)距离最优的最小平均高斯瓦瑟斯坦(MMGW)估计器。利用椭圆扩展目标跟踪器跟踪不同传感器的测量值,并融合跟踪器的估计来改进估计。
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引用次数: 1
UAV-enabled Edge Computing for Optimal Task Distribution in Target Tracking 基于无人机的目标跟踪任务分配优化边缘计算
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841357
Shidrokh Goudarzi, Wenwu Wang, P. Xiao, L. Mihaylova, S. Godsill
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are useful devices due to their great manoeuvrability for long-range outdoor target tracking. However, these tracking tasks can lead to sub-optimal performance due to high computation requirements and power constraints. To cope with these challenges, we design a UAV-based target tracking algorithm where computationally intensive tasks are offloaded to Edge Computing (EC) servers. We perform joint optimization by considering the trade-off between transmission energy consumption and execution time to determine optimal edge nodes for task processing and reliable tracking. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed UAV-based target tracking on the predefined trajectory over several existing techniques.
无人驾驶飞行器(uav)是一种非常有用的设备,因为它具有很强的机动性,可以远距离跟踪室外目标。然而,由于高计算需求和功率限制,这些跟踪任务可能导致性能次优。为了应对这些挑战,我们设计了一种基于无人机的目标跟踪算法,将计算密集型任务卸载到边缘计算(EC)服务器上。我们通过考虑传输能量消耗和执行时间之间的权衡来进行联合优化,以确定任务处理和可靠跟踪的最佳边缘节点。仿真结果表明,所提出的基于预定义轨迹的无人机目标跟踪方法优于现有的几种方法。
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引用次数: 1
Addressing data association by message passing over graph neural networks 通过图神经网络的消息传递寻址数据关联
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841233
Bernardo Camajori Tedeschini, Mattia Brambilla, Luca Barbieri, M. Nicoli
In cooperative localization systems, the fusion of information from multiple sensing platforms is acknowledged to improve localization accuracy of sensed targets. However, the data association required to perform the inference is non-trivial to be solved. In this context, we propose a graph formulation of the data association problem among unlabelled information produced at different sensors in which we run a Message Passing Neural Network (MPNN). The proposed MPNN algorithm suits for centralized sensing architectures where all sensors are connected to a single processing unit. We validate the theoretic aspects with numerical simulations in a vehicular scenario with cooperative lidar sensing. We show the robustness of the model against several environmental complexities such as high number of cooperative vehicles and different noise intensities.
在协同定位系统中,承认多个传感平台信息的融合,以提高被感测目标的定位精度。然而,执行推理所需的数据关联是需要解决的重要问题。在这种情况下,我们提出了一个在不同传感器产生的未标记信息之间的数据关联问题的图公式,其中我们运行消息传递神经网络(MPNN)。所提出的MPNN算法适用于所有传感器连接到单个处理单元的集中式传感体系结构。我们在具有协同激光雷达传感的车辆场景中通过数值模拟验证了理论方面。我们展示了该模型对多种环境复杂性的鲁棒性,如大量的合作车辆和不同的噪声强度。
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引用次数: 4
Posterior linearisation filter for non-linear state transformation noises 非线性状态变换噪声的后验线性化滤波
Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841320
M. Raitoharju, R. Hostettler, S. Särkkä
This paper is concerned with discrete time Kalman-type filtering with state transition and measurement noises that may be non-additive or non-linearly transformed. More specifically, we extend the iterative estimation algorithm Posterior Linearization Filter (PLF) for estimation with this kind of noises. The approach solves the prediction and update step simultaneously, which allows to use the PLF iterations to improve the estimation in the non-linear state transition model. The proposed algorithm also produces single step fixed-lag smoothing estimates. We show in examples how the proposed approach can be used with non-Gaussian state transition noises and non-linearly transformed state transition noises.
本文研究具有状态转移和测量噪声的离散时间卡尔曼型滤波,这些噪声可能是非加性的或非线性变换的。更具体地说,我们扩展了迭代估计算法后向线性化滤波(PLF)来估计这类噪声。该方法同时解决了预测和更新两个步骤,使得在非线性状态转移模型中使用PLF迭代来改进估计。该算法还产生单步固定滞后平滑估计。我们通过实例展示了所提出的方法如何用于非高斯状态转换噪声和非线性转换状态转换噪声。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)
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