Spherical Tokamak (ST) path to Fusion has been proposed [1] and experiments on STs demonstrated feasibility of this approach. Advances in High Temperature Superconductor technology [2] allows significant increase in the toroidal field (TF) which was found to improve confinement in STs. The combination of the high normalised plasma pressure, β, which has been achieved in STs [3], and high TF that can be produced by HTS TF magnets, opens a path to lower-volume fusion reactors, in accordance with the fusion power scaling proportional to β2Bt4V. Modular approach then becomes an alternative to high power, GW-scale Fusion reactors [4,5]. Feasibility of low-power compact ST reactor module and physics and engineering challenges of the accelerated, ST path to Fusion Power are discussed in this paper, on example of the first our prototype on this route, high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40.Spherical Tokamak (ST) path to Fusion has been proposed [1] and experiments on STs demonstrated feasibility of this approach. Advances in High Temperature Superconductor technology [2] allows significant increase in the toroidal field (TF) which was found to improve confinement in STs. The combination of the high normalised plasma pressure, β, which has been achieved in STs [3], and high TF that can be produced by HTS TF magnets, opens a path to lower-volume fusion reactors, in accordance with the fusion power scaling proportional to β2Bt4V. Modular approach then becomes an alternative to high power, GW-scale Fusion reactors [4,5]. Feasibility of low-power compact ST reactor module and physics and engineering challenges of the accelerated, ST path to Fusion Power are discussed in this paper, on example of the first our prototype on this route, high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40.
{"title":"Faster fusion: ST40, engineering, commissioning, first results","authors":"M. Gryaznevich, Tokamak Energy Ltd. Team","doi":"10.1063/1.5135481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135481","url":null,"abstract":"Spherical Tokamak (ST) path to Fusion has been proposed [1] and experiments on STs demonstrated feasibility of this approach. Advances in High Temperature Superconductor technology [2] allows significant increase in the toroidal field (TF) which was found to improve confinement in STs. The combination of the high normalised plasma pressure, β, which has been achieved in STs [3], and high TF that can be produced by HTS TF magnets, opens a path to lower-volume fusion reactors, in accordance with the fusion power scaling proportional to β2Bt4V. Modular approach then becomes an alternative to high power, GW-scale Fusion reactors [4,5]. Feasibility of low-power compact ST reactor module and physics and engineering challenges of the accelerated, ST path to Fusion Power are discussed in this paper, on example of the first our prototype on this route, high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40.Spherical Tokamak (ST) path to Fusion has been proposed [1] and experiments on STs demonstrated feasibility of this approach. Advances in High Temperature Superconductor technology [2] allows significant increase in the toroidal field (TF) which was found to improve confinement in STs. The combination of the high normalised plasma pressure, β, which has been achieved in STs [3], and high TF that can be produced by HTS TF magnets, opens a path to lower-volume fusion reactors, in accordance with the fusion power scaling proportional to β2Bt4V. Modular approach then becomes an alternative to high power, GW-scale Fusion reactors [4,5]. Feasibility of low-power compact ST reactor module and physics and engineering challenges of the accelerated, ST path to Fusion Power are discussed in this paper, on example of the first our prototype on this route, high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40.","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124917810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Iiyoshi, Y. Kino, Motoyasu Sato, Tanahashi Yoshiharu, N. Yamamoto, S. Nakatani, T. Yamashita, M. Tendler, O. Motojima
The novel proposal of the Muon Catalyzed Fusion (MCF) concept is brought to light employing recent results on its relevant cross sections. In 1993, Kino et al. proposed an innovative scheme of MCF, employing non-adiabatic calculations of muonic atom-nucleus collision in the energy range from 10−3 eV to 100 eV, whereby the fusion in flight along with the formation of muonic molecular resonances was revisited [1]. In 1994, Froelich independently calculated the cross section up to 2 keV, and found the behavior of like resonance [2]. In 1996, Kino et al. examined these resonances, and concluded that the resonances were not suitable for MCF [3]. As a result, the research has been continued to examine the possibility of non-resonant In-flight Muon Catalyzed Fusion (IFMCF) calculating the muonic atom-nucleus collision cross-section with an improved precision within the optical model for nuclear reactions. The resultant fusion cross section was 2000 barns at 1.4 keV [4] which should be good enough to be used as a fast neutron source [5]. A research program has been initiated to confirm these results theoretically as well as experimentally. For the sake of the theoretical analysis, a few-body computer code has been put forward to handle the nuclear reactions for nucleon transfer. In this paper, an innovative compact reactor concept is proposed, based on IFMCF. In this concept, muons are injected to a gas target of D2 and T2, which is pressurized aerodynamically by the Mach shock wave using a supersonic stream generated in a Laval nozzle [6], [7]. It generates the output power of 28 MW with 1019 cm−3s−1 of fusions by supplying fresh muons of 1016 cm−3s−1 providing 1000 times of catalyzed cycle of reactions. To maintain Q values > 1, assuming 30% efficiency for thermal to electric conversion, the energy supply for muon production can be as low as 8 GeV/muons. One of the possible applications of muon catalyzed fusion is transmutation of long-lived fission products (LLFPs).
{"title":"Muon catalyzed fusion, present and future","authors":"A. Iiyoshi, Y. Kino, Motoyasu Sato, Tanahashi Yoshiharu, N. Yamamoto, S. Nakatani, T. Yamashita, M. Tendler, O. Motojima","doi":"10.1063/1.5135483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135483","url":null,"abstract":"The novel proposal of the Muon Catalyzed Fusion (MCF) concept is brought to light employing recent results on its relevant cross sections. In 1993, Kino et al. proposed an innovative scheme of MCF, employing non-adiabatic calculations of muonic atom-nucleus collision in the energy range from 10−3 eV to 100 eV, whereby the fusion in flight along with the formation of muonic molecular resonances was revisited [1]. In 1994, Froelich independently calculated the cross section up to 2 keV, and found the behavior of like resonance [2]. In 1996, Kino et al. examined these resonances, and concluded that the resonances were not suitable for MCF [3]. As a result, the research has been continued to examine the possibility of non-resonant In-flight Muon Catalyzed Fusion (IFMCF) calculating the muonic atom-nucleus collision cross-section with an improved precision within the optical model for nuclear reactions. The resultant fusion cross section was 2000 barns at 1.4 keV [4] which should be good enough to be used as a fast neutron source [5]. A research program has been initiated to confirm these results theoretically as well as experimentally. For the sake of the theoretical analysis, a few-body computer code has been put forward to handle the nuclear reactions for nucleon transfer. In this paper, an innovative compact reactor concept is proposed, based on IFMCF. In this concept, muons are injected to a gas target of D2 and T2, which is pressurized aerodynamically by the Mach shock wave using a supersonic stream generated in a Laval nozzle [6], [7]. It generates the output power of 28 MW with 1019 cm−3s−1 of fusions by supplying fresh muons of 1016 cm−3s−1 providing 1000 times of catalyzed cycle of reactions. To maintain Q values > 1, assuming 30% efficiency for thermal to electric conversion, the energy supply for muon production can be as low as 8 GeV/muons. One of the possible applications of muon catalyzed fusion is transmutation of long-lived fission products (LLFPs).","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128089524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Abdullina, L. Askinazi, A. Belokurov, V. Bulanin, L. Chôné, A. Gurchenko, E. Gusakov, T. Kiviniemi, V. Kornev, S. Krikunov, D. Kouprienko, S. Lashkul, S. Lebedev, S. Leerink, P. Niskala, A. Petrov, A. Tukachinsky, A. Yashin, N. Zhubr
Radial electric field shear is crucial for turbulence suppression and transition to the H-mode, although the high shear value alone may not be sufficient for the LH-transition initiation. Temporal and spatial parameters of shear perturbation, particle source and turbulence parameters are the main factors responsible for LH-transition initiation. Different plasma discharge scenarios in two Ioffe Institute conventional tokamaks are analyzed using the model of plasma density and ion temperature evolution to clear up the role of aforementioned factors.Radial electric field shear is crucial for turbulence suppression and transition to the H-mode, although the high shear value alone may not be sufficient for the LH-transition initiation. Temporal and spatial parameters of shear perturbation, particle source and turbulence parameters are the main factors responsible for LH-transition initiation. Different plasma discharge scenarios in two Ioffe Institute conventional tokamaks are analyzed using the model of plasma density and ion temperature evolution to clear up the role of aforementioned factors.
{"title":"LH-transition initiation and dynamics in a conventional tokamak","authors":"G. Abdullina, L. Askinazi, A. Belokurov, V. Bulanin, L. Chôné, A. Gurchenko, E. Gusakov, T. Kiviniemi, V. Kornev, S. Krikunov, D. Kouprienko, S. Lashkul, S. Lebedev, S. Leerink, P. Niskala, A. Petrov, A. Tukachinsky, A. Yashin, N. Zhubr","doi":"10.1063/1.5135475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135475","url":null,"abstract":"Radial electric field shear is crucial for turbulence suppression and transition to the H-mode, although the high shear value alone may not be sufficient for the LH-transition initiation. Temporal and spatial parameters of shear perturbation, particle source and turbulence parameters are the main factors responsible for LH-transition initiation. Different plasma discharge scenarios in two Ioffe Institute conventional tokamaks are analyzed using the model of plasma density and ion temperature evolution to clear up the role of aforementioned factors.Radial electric field shear is crucial for turbulence suppression and transition to the H-mode, although the high shear value alone may not be sufficient for the LH-transition initiation. Temporal and spatial parameters of shear perturbation, particle source and turbulence parameters are the main factors responsible for LH-transition initiation. Different plasma discharge scenarios in two Ioffe Institute conventional tokamaks are analyzed using the model of plasma density and ion temperature evolution to clear up the role of aforementioned factors.","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128191967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kumkova, N. Obraztsov, V. Popov, D. I. Subbotin
The article discusses a plasma-chemical facility consisting of a high-voltage AC plasma torch, a lined plasma-chemical reactor, supply and sampling systems, and a power source. This facility is used to study the processing of organochlorine substances (carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene) using plasma steam, carbon dioxide and methane. Under the action of steam at high temperatures, methane reforming occurs with the formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At the same time, steam reliably decomposes organic matter, and hydrogen binds chlorine contained in them. The final products of the process are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.The article discusses a plasma-chemical facility consisting of a high-voltage AC plasma torch, a lined plasma-chemical reactor, supply and sampling systems, and a power source. This facility is used to study the processing of organochlorine substances (carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene) using plasma steam, carbon dioxide and methane. Under the action of steam at high temperatures, methane reforming occurs with the formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At the same time, steam reliably decomposes organic matter, and hydrogen binds chlorine contained in them. The final products of the process are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.
{"title":"Plasma technology based on high-voltage AC plasma torch","authors":"I. Kumkova, N. Obraztsov, V. Popov, D. I. Subbotin","doi":"10.1063/1.5135495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135495","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses a plasma-chemical facility consisting of a high-voltage AC plasma torch, a lined plasma-chemical reactor, supply and sampling systems, and a power source. This facility is used to study the processing of organochlorine substances (carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene) using plasma steam, carbon dioxide and methane. Under the action of steam at high temperatures, methane reforming occurs with the formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At the same time, steam reliably decomposes organic matter, and hydrogen binds chlorine contained in them. The final products of the process are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.The article discusses a plasma-chemical facility consisting of a high-voltage AC plasma torch, a lined plasma-chemical reactor, supply and sampling systems, and a power source. This facility is used to study the processing of organochlorine substances (carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene) using plasma steam, carbon dioxide and methane. Under the action of steam at high temperatures, methane reforming occurs with the formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. At the same time, steam reliably decomposes organic matter, and hydrogen binds chlorine contained in them. The final products of the process are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride.","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132882423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The simple analytic method for evaluation of relaxation length of electron energy has been derived for plasma of moderate pressure glow discharge in the mixture of several gases – it may be both inert and molecular gases. This enables to evaluate a priori the degree of locality of electron energy distribution function in plasma of said discharges. An example of such evaluation for an powerful excimer UV lamp containing no mercury with the glow discharge in a mixture of Xe and Cl2 is presented.
{"title":"Electron energy relaxation length in xenon, chlorine and their mixture","authors":"A. P. Golovitskii","doi":"10.1063/1.5135480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135480","url":null,"abstract":"The simple analytic method for evaluation of relaxation length of electron energy has been derived for plasma of moderate pressure glow discharge in the mixture of several gases – it may be both inert and molecular gases. This enables to evaluate a priori the degree of locality of electron energy distribution function in plasma of said discharges. An example of such evaluation for an powerful excimer UV lamp containing no mercury with the glow discharge in a mixture of Xe and Cl2 is presented.","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128844888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A resonant laser-assisted process of the electron-positron pairs annihilation and production is studied theoretically. The second order in fine structure constant process in the laser field transforms into two consistent processes of first order in the fine structure constant: laser-assisted annihilation of initial electron-positron pair into intermediate photon and laser-assisted production of final electron-positron pair by intermediate photon under resonant conditions when virtual photon becomes real. It is demonstrated that the resonant conditions for initial pair include the excess of certain combination of the electron and positron energies over threshold energy and narrow angle between momenta of electron and positron. The same holds true for the final pair. Also, final positron emission angle can vary from zero to some maximum value. It is shown that energies of the final particles depend on this angle and can take from one to two values. A resonant differential cross section of the studied process is obtained. It is shown that the resonant differential cross section can significantly exceed the corresponding cross section without an external field (Bhabha cross section). The project calculations may be experimentally verified by the scientific facilities of pulsed laser radiation (SLAC, FAIR, XFEL, ELI, XCELS).A resonant laser-assisted process of the electron-positron pairs annihilation and production is studied theoretically. The second order in fine structure constant process in the laser field transforms into two consistent processes of first order in the fine structure constant: laser-assisted annihilation of initial electron-positron pair into intermediate photon and laser-assisted production of final electron-positron pair by intermediate photon under resonant conditions when virtual photon becomes real. It is demonstrated that the resonant conditions for initial pair include the excess of certain combination of the electron and positron energies over threshold energy and narrow angle between momenta of electron and positron. The same holds true for the final pair. Also, final positron emission angle can vary from zero to some maximum value. It is shown that energies of the final particles depend on this angle and can take from one to two values. A resonant differential cross section of the studied proces...
{"title":"Resonant laser-assisted process of the electron-positron pairs annihilation and production","authors":"D. V. Doroshenko, V. V. Dubov, S. Roshchupkin","doi":"10.1063/1.5135478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135478","url":null,"abstract":"A resonant laser-assisted process of the electron-positron pairs annihilation and production is studied theoretically. The second order in fine structure constant process in the laser field transforms into two consistent processes of first order in the fine structure constant: laser-assisted annihilation of initial electron-positron pair into intermediate photon and laser-assisted production of final electron-positron pair by intermediate photon under resonant conditions when virtual photon becomes real. It is demonstrated that the resonant conditions for initial pair include the excess of certain combination of the electron and positron energies over threshold energy and narrow angle between momenta of electron and positron. The same holds true for the final pair. Also, final positron emission angle can vary from zero to some maximum value. It is shown that energies of the final particles depend on this angle and can take from one to two values. A resonant differential cross section of the studied process is obtained. It is shown that the resonant differential cross section can significantly exceed the corresponding cross section without an external field (Bhabha cross section). The project calculations may be experimentally verified by the scientific facilities of pulsed laser radiation (SLAC, FAIR, XFEL, ELI, XCELS).A resonant laser-assisted process of the electron-positron pairs annihilation and production is studied theoretically. The second order in fine structure constant process in the laser field transforms into two consistent processes of first order in the fine structure constant: laser-assisted annihilation of initial electron-positron pair into intermediate photon and laser-assisted production of final electron-positron pair by intermediate photon under resonant conditions when virtual photon becomes real. It is demonstrated that the resonant conditions for initial pair include the excess of certain combination of the electron and positron energies over threshold energy and narrow angle between momenta of electron and positron. The same holds true for the final pair. Also, final positron emission angle can vary from zero to some maximum value. It is shown that energies of the final particles depend on this angle and can take from one to two values. A resonant differential cross section of the studied proces...","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122133527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Emelyanov, E. Feklistov, N. Smirnova, K. Kolbe, E. V. Zinoviev, M. S. Asadulaev, A. A. Popov, A. S. Shabunin, K. Osmanov
Thermal plasma effects have long been employed for tissue coagulation, cutting, desiccation, and cauterizing for a long time. Nevertheless, there have been significant developments in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with well-controlled temperatures below 40℃. Thereby, in the last decade, a new innovative field, often referred to as plasma medicine, has emerged. Effective using of a handheld portable custom designed plasma jet generator for biomedical applications is reported. Portable CAP-generator (∼ 80 g weight) is operated in self-repetitive nanosecond pulse corona discharge at atmospheric pressure air without any external feed gas. The generator has diverse positive results in biomedical applications due to production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In vitro experiments with human fibroblasts were carried out. As a result, the optimal plasma exposure time promoting maximum fibroblasts proliferation was determined. Additionally, various experiments of in vivo rat’s wounds healing by CAP treatment have been conducted. As a result of the research, control-group mortality was 80%, and in contrast to this it was 10% in the plasma treated group. Resulting from the points mentioned above, the custom designed CAP-generator could be a useful tool for sterilization of contaminated areas, and for wound healing.Thermal plasma effects have long been employed for tissue coagulation, cutting, desiccation, and cauterizing for a long time. Nevertheless, there have been significant developments in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with well-controlled temperatures below 40℃. Thereby, in the last decade, a new innovative field, often referred to as plasma medicine, has emerged. Effective using of a handheld portable custom designed plasma jet generator for biomedical applications is reported. Portable CAP-generator (∼ 80 g weight) is operated in self-repetitive nanosecond pulse corona discharge at atmospheric pressure air without any external feed gas. The generator has diverse positive results in biomedical applications due to production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In vitro experiments with human fibroblasts were carried out. As a result, the optimal plasma exposure time promoting maximum fibroblasts proliferation was determined. Additionally, various experiments of in vivo rat’s wounds healing by CAP ...
{"title":"Corona discharge plasma application for in vitro modulation of fibroblast proliferation and wound healing","authors":"O. Emelyanov, E. Feklistov, N. Smirnova, K. Kolbe, E. V. Zinoviev, M. S. Asadulaev, A. A. Popov, A. S. Shabunin, K. Osmanov","doi":"10.1063/1.5135479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135479","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal plasma effects have long been employed for tissue coagulation, cutting, desiccation, and cauterizing for a long time. Nevertheless, there have been significant developments in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with well-controlled temperatures below 40℃. Thereby, in the last decade, a new innovative field, often referred to as plasma medicine, has emerged. Effective using of a handheld portable custom designed plasma jet generator for biomedical applications is reported. Portable CAP-generator (∼ 80 g weight) is operated in self-repetitive nanosecond pulse corona discharge at atmospheric pressure air without any external feed gas. The generator has diverse positive results in biomedical applications due to production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In vitro experiments with human fibroblasts were carried out. As a result, the optimal plasma exposure time promoting maximum fibroblasts proliferation was determined. Additionally, various experiments of in vivo rat’s wounds healing by CAP treatment have been conducted. As a result of the research, control-group mortality was 80%, and in contrast to this it was 10% in the plasma treated group. Resulting from the points mentioned above, the custom designed CAP-generator could be a useful tool for sterilization of contaminated areas, and for wound healing.Thermal plasma effects have long been employed for tissue coagulation, cutting, desiccation, and cauterizing for a long time. Nevertheless, there have been significant developments in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with well-controlled temperatures below 40℃. Thereby, in the last decade, a new innovative field, often referred to as plasma medicine, has emerged. Effective using of a handheld portable custom designed plasma jet generator for biomedical applications is reported. Portable CAP-generator (∼ 80 g weight) is operated in self-repetitive nanosecond pulse corona discharge at atmospheric pressure air without any external feed gas. The generator has diverse positive results in biomedical applications due to production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In vitro experiments with human fibroblasts were carried out. As a result, the optimal plasma exposure time promoting maximum fibroblasts proliferation was determined. Additionally, various experiments of in vivo rat’s wounds healing by CAP ...","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124410463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bakharev, F. Chernyshev, V. Dyachenko, V. Gusev, N. Khromov, E. O. Kiselev, A. Konovalov, G. Kurskiev, V. Minaev, A. D. Melnik, I. Miroshnikov, A. Novokhatsky, M. Patrov, Y. Petrov, N. Sakharov, P. Shchegolev, A. Telnova, V. Tokarev, S. Tolstyakov, E. A. Tukhmeneva, V. Varfolomeev, A. Voronin
A new generation spherical tokamak Globus-M2 was launched in 2018. It keeps size of Globus-M, however new electromagnetic system allows achieving higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current. First experimental campaign with the toroidal magnetic field 0.7 T and plasma current up to 300 kA was carried out in 2019. Increase in the toroidal magnetic field and plasma current resulted in overall improvement of the discharge parameters. Significant plasma temperature growth and neutron rate increase was obtained. Record stored energy, which is approximately one and a half times higher than in the Globus-M experiments, was reached. Toroidal lower hybrid wave launch provided noticeable current drive. Preparation for the next experimental campaigns with the higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current are on the way.A new generation spherical tokamak Globus-M2 was launched in 2018. It keeps size of Globus-M, however new electromagnetic system allows achieving higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current. First experimental campaign with the toroidal magnetic field 0.7 T and plasma current up to 300 kA was carried out in 2019. Increase in the toroidal magnetic field and plasma current resulted in overall improvement of the discharge parameters. Significant plasma temperature growth and neutron rate increase was obtained. Record stored energy, which is approximately one and a half times higher than in the Globus-M experiments, was reached. Toroidal lower hybrid wave launch provided noticeable current drive. Preparation for the next experimental campaigns with the higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current are on the way.
{"title":"Globus-M2 experiments in scope of fusion-fission reactor development","authors":"N. Bakharev, F. Chernyshev, V. Dyachenko, V. Gusev, N. Khromov, E. O. Kiselev, A. Konovalov, G. Kurskiev, V. Minaev, A. D. Melnik, I. Miroshnikov, A. Novokhatsky, M. Patrov, Y. Petrov, N. Sakharov, P. Shchegolev, A. Telnova, V. Tokarev, S. Tolstyakov, E. A. Tukhmeneva, V. Varfolomeev, A. Voronin","doi":"10.1063/1.5135474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135474","url":null,"abstract":"A new generation spherical tokamak Globus-M2 was launched in 2018. It keeps size of Globus-M, however new electromagnetic system allows achieving higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current. First experimental campaign with the toroidal magnetic field 0.7 T and plasma current up to 300 kA was carried out in 2019. Increase in the toroidal magnetic field and plasma current resulted in overall improvement of the discharge parameters. Significant plasma temperature growth and neutron rate increase was obtained. Record stored energy, which is approximately one and a half times higher than in the Globus-M experiments, was reached. Toroidal lower hybrid wave launch provided noticeable current drive. Preparation for the next experimental campaigns with the higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current are on the way.A new generation spherical tokamak Globus-M2 was launched in 2018. It keeps size of Globus-M, however new electromagnetic system allows achieving higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current. First experimental campaign with the toroidal magnetic field 0.7 T and plasma current up to 300 kA was carried out in 2019. Increase in the toroidal magnetic field and plasma current resulted in overall improvement of the discharge parameters. Significant plasma temperature growth and neutron rate increase was obtained. Record stored energy, which is approximately one and a half times higher than in the Globus-M experiments, was reached. Toroidal lower hybrid wave launch provided noticeable current drive. Preparation for the next experimental campaigns with the higher toroidal magnetic field and plasma current are on the way.","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124866924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within the "Technology-SG" framework of the scientific and technical program of the Union State of Russia and Belarus a 180 W ion thruster with a direct current discharge chamber is being developed in Keldysh Research Centre. To achieve high performance parameters, electric current density and operation lifetime a project of a hybrid magnetic system consisting of permanent magnets supplemented by electric magnetic coils was considered. This magnetic system configuration combines the advantages of energy savings and the possibility of the operation mode optimization. At the design stage, preliminary numerical modeling with a 3d axis-symmetric particle-in-cell model was used to confirm the theoretical assumptions used in the development of the magnetic system and to further improve magnetic system design. The simulation allowed to obtain the distributions of plasma parameters for various configurations of the magnetic field. In addition, the estimated data on the dynamics of the discharge chamber integral parameters and the ion beam current density distribution over the radius were obtained. These distributions confirmed the correctness of the chosen approach to the development of the magnetic system and were used to form the final thruster design.Within the "Technology-SG" framework of the scientific and technical program of the Union State of Russia and Belarus a 180 W ion thruster with a direct current discharge chamber is being developed in Keldysh Research Centre. To achieve high performance parameters, electric current density and operation lifetime a project of a hybrid magnetic system consisting of permanent magnets supplemented by electric magnetic coils was considered. This magnetic system configuration combines the advantages of energy savings and the possibility of the operation mode optimization. At the design stage, preliminary numerical modeling with a 3d axis-symmetric particle-in-cell model was used to confirm the theoretical assumptions used in the development of the magnetic system and to further improve magnetic system design. The simulation allowed to obtain the distributions of plasma parameters for various configurations of the magnetic field. In addition, the estimated data on the dynamics of the discharge chamber integral p...
{"title":"Development of 5-cm ion thruster and preliminary numerical simulation of plasma in its discharge chamber","authors":"D. Kravchenko, A. Lovtsov, S. Madeev","doi":"10.1063/1.5135485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135485","url":null,"abstract":"Within the \"Technology-SG\" framework of the scientific and technical program of the Union State of Russia and Belarus a 180 W ion thruster with a direct current discharge chamber is being developed in Keldysh Research Centre. To achieve high performance parameters, electric current density and operation lifetime a project of a hybrid magnetic system consisting of permanent magnets supplemented by electric magnetic coils was considered. This magnetic system configuration combines the advantages of energy savings and the possibility of the operation mode optimization. At the design stage, preliminary numerical modeling with a 3d axis-symmetric particle-in-cell model was used to confirm the theoretical assumptions used in the development of the magnetic system and to further improve magnetic system design. The simulation allowed to obtain the distributions of plasma parameters for various configurations of the magnetic field. In addition, the estimated data on the dynamics of the discharge chamber integral parameters and the ion beam current density distribution over the radius were obtained. These distributions confirmed the correctness of the chosen approach to the development of the magnetic system and were used to form the final thruster design.Within the \"Technology-SG\" framework of the scientific and technical program of the Union State of Russia and Belarus a 180 W ion thruster with a direct current discharge chamber is being developed in Keldysh Research Centre. To achieve high performance parameters, electric current density and operation lifetime a project of a hybrid magnetic system consisting of permanent magnets supplemented by electric magnetic coils was considered. This magnetic system configuration combines the advantages of energy savings and the possibility of the operation mode optimization. At the design stage, preliminary numerical modeling with a 3d axis-symmetric particle-in-cell model was used to confirm the theoretical assumptions used in the development of the magnetic system and to further improve magnetic system design. The simulation allowed to obtain the distributions of plasma parameters for various configurations of the magnetic field. In addition, the estimated data on the dynamics of the discharge chamber integral p...","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124965481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secondary emission from laser produced plasma is governed by the electron distribution function. Therefore, its control is of utmost importance to steer the emission e.g. of ultra-short bursts of high energy photons and ions for decisive application. In our theoretical analysis including comparison to recent experiments we follow this route and study how the energy is transferred from short laser pulse to the energy of fast ions and X-rays. We make use of ion and Kα emission which respond differently to branches of the electron distribution function when we optimize the laser light absorption via structuring of the target surface. Our investigation comprises laser intensities up to 5×1020 W/cm2 produced with femtosecond near infrared laser pulses and Titanium foil targets of a few micrometer thicknesses. In particular, we reveal an energy relaxation process of hot electrons, which determines the observed laser intensity dependence of secondary emission and points to the benefit of target surface structuring in different optimization scenarios.Secondary emission from laser produced plasma is governed by the electron distribution function. Therefore, its control is of utmost importance to steer the emission e.g. of ultra-short bursts of high energy photons and ions for decisive application. In our theoretical analysis including comparison to recent experiments we follow this route and study how the energy is transferred from short laser pulse to the energy of fast ions and X-rays. We make use of ion and Kα emission which respond differently to branches of the electron distribution function when we optimize the laser light absorption via structuring of the target surface. Our investigation comprises laser intensities up to 5×1020 W/cm2 produced with femtosecond near infrared laser pulses and Titanium foil targets of a few micrometer thicknesses. In particular, we reveal an energy relaxation process of hot electrons, which determines the observed laser intensity dependence of secondary emission and points to the benefit of target surface structuri...
{"title":"Controlling the energy distribution of accelerated particles by choosing the relief parameters of the target irradiated by a short laser pulse of relativistic intensity","authors":"M. Sedov, K. Platonov, A. Andreev","doi":"10.1063/1.5135494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135494","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary emission from laser produced plasma is governed by the electron distribution function. Therefore, its control is of utmost importance to steer the emission e.g. of ultra-short bursts of high energy photons and ions for decisive application. In our theoretical analysis including comparison to recent experiments we follow this route and study how the energy is transferred from short laser pulse to the energy of fast ions and X-rays. We make use of ion and Kα emission which respond differently to branches of the electron distribution function when we optimize the laser light absorption via structuring of the target surface. Our investigation comprises laser intensities up to 5×1020 W/cm2 produced with femtosecond near infrared laser pulses and Titanium foil targets of a few micrometer thicknesses. In particular, we reveal an energy relaxation process of hot electrons, which determines the observed laser intensity dependence of secondary emission and points to the benefit of target surface structuring in different optimization scenarios.Secondary emission from laser produced plasma is governed by the electron distribution function. Therefore, its control is of utmost importance to steer the emission e.g. of ultra-short bursts of high energy photons and ions for decisive application. In our theoretical analysis including comparison to recent experiments we follow this route and study how the energy is transferred from short laser pulse to the energy of fast ions and X-rays. We make use of ion and Kα emission which respond differently to branches of the electron distribution function when we optimize the laser light absorption via structuring of the target surface. Our investigation comprises laser intensities up to 5×1020 W/cm2 produced with femtosecond near infrared laser pulses and Titanium foil targets of a few micrometer thicknesses. In particular, we reveal an energy relaxation process of hot electrons, which determines the observed laser intensity dependence of secondary emission and points to the benefit of target surface structuri...","PeriodicalId":176911,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (AAPP 2019)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128848319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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