Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269221
J. Hlavacek, M. Knenicky, K. Draxler
Requirement from practice is the need for quality and precise measurement of unipolar high current impulses, which are applied in resistance spot welding. The reason is the high dependence of weld quality on the shape and energy of applied current impulses. A new calibration method for this current impulses without disconnecting the current circuit of a resistance welding machine is required. Review and selection of suitable noninvasive current sensing devices have been made. Frequency analysis of typical unipolar current welding impulses was performed as well. The following measurements of chosen sensing devices with Hall sensors and special magnetoresistance sensor verified the necessary frequency bandwidth of the sensors. Verification measurements of unipolar current impulses were carried out as well. Finally, the uncertainty of the calibration method with a noninvasive current sensing device has been determined.
{"title":"Calibration of Unipolar High Current Impulses for Resistance Spot Welding","authors":"J. Hlavacek, M. Knenicky, K. Draxler","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269221","url":null,"abstract":"Requirement from practice is the need for quality and precise measurement of unipolar high current impulses, which are applied in resistance spot welding. The reason is the high dependence of weld quality on the shape and energy of applied current impulses. A new calibration method for this current impulses without disconnecting the current circuit of a resistance welding machine is required. Review and selection of suitable noninvasive current sensing devices have been made. Frequency analysis of typical unipolar current welding impulses was performed as well. The following measurements of chosen sensing devices with Hall sensors and special magnetoresistance sensor verified the necessary frequency bandwidth of the sensors. Verification measurements of unipolar current impulses were carried out as well. Finally, the uncertainty of the calibration method with a noninvasive current sensing device has been determined.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130714756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269230
J. Drapela, J. Morávek, M. Vrána, P. Mastný
The paper deals with innovative concept of power generating module field testing, with focus on PV inverters belonging to power category A, using a virtual testing process as a complementary method to compliance verification employing a power system simulator. The paper starts with a brief review of currently used methods and state of art pointing to approach for the virtual testing implementation. In next, experimental set-up using National Instrument hardware based control system with custom control loop in LabView software is introduced and obtained test results are evaluated to assess the proposed concept performance. Finally, the virtual testing deployment advantages and challenges are discussed.
{"title":"Power Generating Modules Field Testing Concepts for Verification of Compliance with Operational Requirements","authors":"J. Drapela, J. Morávek, M. Vrána, P. Mastný","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269230","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with innovative concept of power generating module field testing, with focus on PV inverters belonging to power category A, using a virtual testing process as a complementary method to compliance verification employing a power system simulator. The paper starts with a brief review of currently used methods and state of art pointing to approach for the virtual testing implementation. In next, experimental set-up using National Instrument hardware based control system with custom control loop in LabView software is introduced and obtained test results are evaluated to assess the proposed concept performance. Finally, the virtual testing deployment advantages and challenges are discussed.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132686127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269195
S. Kokin, N. Djagarov, U. Bumtsend, J. Ahyoev, S. Dmitriev, M. Safaraliev
One of the tasks of optimization is to choose from the number of possible solutions the solutions providing for the values of the managed parameters to meet the specified restrictions and turn the target function into a maximum or minimum. The choice of the most rational algorithm for optimizing the power system mode is an important task since in order to control the modes using a computer in real-time, it is necessary to ensure high performance of programs that implement the algorithm. This speed depends not only on the speed of computer calculations but also on the mathematical method embedded in the algorithm. Moreover, various methods differ in the amount of intermediate information stored, which is also important when developing optimization programs. This study analyzes the basic normal mode currently implemented in the electric power system of Mongolia by means of RastrWin and ANARES software systems. Adding a new high-power traction load resulted in a shortage of active power in the system. For this reason, the study of VAR optimization of the electric power system mode with the implementation of the particle swarm algorithm has been carried.
{"title":"Optimization of electric power system modes by methods of artificial intelligence","authors":"S. Kokin, N. Djagarov, U. Bumtsend, J. Ahyoev, S. Dmitriev, M. Safaraliev","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269195","url":null,"abstract":"One of the tasks of optimization is to choose from the number of possible solutions the solutions providing for the values of the managed parameters to meet the specified restrictions and turn the target function into a maximum or minimum. The choice of the most rational algorithm for optimizing the power system mode is an important task since in order to control the modes using a computer in real-time, it is necessary to ensure high performance of programs that implement the algorithm. This speed depends not only on the speed of computer calculations but also on the mathematical method embedded in the algorithm. Moreover, various methods differ in the amount of intermediate information stored, which is also important when developing optimization programs. This study analyzes the basic normal mode currently implemented in the electric power system of Mongolia by means of RastrWin and ANARES software systems. Adding a new high-power traction load resulted in a shortage of active power in the system. For this reason, the study of VAR optimization of the electric power system mode with the implementation of the particle swarm algorithm has been carried.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128791249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269185
J. Slacik, P. Mlynek, Petr Musil, Lukás Benesl, Jan Hlavnicka
The paper describes the design and implementation of a load traffic generator for evaluation of BPL technology for smart secondary substation applications. Load traffic generators with standard communication protocols are considered. For advanced testing scenarios the complex BPL topology under real conditions in the several substations was considered. The main goal was to find the limits of the BPL technology with emulated devices based on real services for smart substation applications.
{"title":"Smart Substation Emulation for BPL Evaluation","authors":"J. Slacik, P. Mlynek, Petr Musil, Lukás Benesl, Jan Hlavnicka","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269185","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the design and implementation of a load traffic generator for evaluation of BPL technology for smart secondary substation applications. Load traffic generators with standard communication protocols are considered. For advanced testing scenarios the complex BPL topology under real conditions in the several substations was considered. The main goal was to find the limits of the BPL technology with emulated devices based on real services for smart substation applications.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115775325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269246
Štefan Korčak, Tomáš Hába, K. Máslo
This paper deals with steam and gas turbine-governor dynamic models. The paper compares various control modes and different settings of parameters applied in special cases of separated and island operations. Simulation calculations on dynamic models show that in these modes it is necessary to have a functional speed governor and vice versa deactivate the load/power controller. This solution prevents frequency collapse and ensures a secure separated and island operation.
{"title":"Turbine Control in Island Operation","authors":"Štefan Korčak, Tomáš Hába, K. Máslo","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with steam and gas turbine-governor dynamic models. The paper compares various control modes and different settings of parameters applied in special cases of separated and island operations. Simulation calculations on dynamic models show that in these modes it is necessary to have a functional speed governor and vice versa deactivate the load/power controller. This solution prevents frequency collapse and ensures a secure separated and island operation.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269198
P. Janys, R. Procházka
The paper deals with an estimation of lightning strike incidence to transmission overhead lines in the context of line outages gathered from an automatic monitoring system. The statistics of the Czech transmission system's line outages caused by lightning strikes are presented and analyzed. Lines with significantly higher outage rates are identified, and the electrogeometric model is used for lightning incidence calculation. The estimation that the lightning strikes the phase conductor, ground wire, or tower constructions of overhead line is performed. Finally, the ratio of lightning strikes that caused line outage to the total number of lightning strikes to phase conductors is evaluated and compared with the values obtained from the monitoring system.
{"title":"Lightning Incidence on Transmission Overhead Lines","authors":"P. Janys, R. Procházka","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269198","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with an estimation of lightning strike incidence to transmission overhead lines in the context of line outages gathered from an automatic monitoring system. The statistics of the Czech transmission system's line outages caused by lightning strikes are presented and analyzed. Lines with significantly higher outage rates are identified, and the electrogeometric model is used for lightning incidence calculation. The estimation that the lightning strikes the phase conductor, ground wire, or tower constructions of overhead line is performed. Finally, the ratio of lightning strikes that caused line outage to the total number of lightning strikes to phase conductors is evaluated and compared with the values obtained from the monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126922186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269175
M. Čerňan, Z. Müller, J. Tlustý, Jiří Halaška
The paper focuses on critical infrastructure and its resilience. The introductory parts of the paper define the concepts of critical infrastructure and resilience of critical infrastructure and further define its legislative basis. Then follows the definition of typical critical states in the field of power engineering. To a large extent, attention is also focused on methods for critical infrastructure protection and methods for strengthening critical infrastructure resilience. Within the selected area, a survey of the possibilities of critical infrastructure was carried out, which was evaluated. Based on the results, several recommended steps were identified in the sub-areas to which further research will be devoted.
{"title":"Critical Infrastructure and the Possibility of Increasing its Resilience in the Context of the Energy Sector","authors":"M. Čerňan, Z. Müller, J. Tlustý, Jiří Halaška","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269175","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on critical infrastructure and its resilience. The introductory parts of the paper define the concepts of critical infrastructure and resilience of critical infrastructure and further define its legislative basis. Then follows the definition of typical critical states in the field of power engineering. To a large extent, attention is also focused on methods for critical infrastructure protection and methods for strengthening critical infrastructure resilience. Within the selected area, a survey of the possibilities of critical infrastructure was carried out, which was evaluated. Based on the results, several recommended steps were identified in the sub-areas to which further research will be devoted.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126997687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269235
M. Bělík, Lucie Nohacova
This paper focuses on analysis of prolonged degradation process of photovoltaic cells of different technologies based on silicon. All silicon type PV cells tend to have some specific degradation through the operational life. The degradation can originate from material issues of the essential silicon wafers, material aging or mechanical stress of other components used in the panel body and degradation of electrical substructures and elements. The degradation process can have backgrounds in particular stages during fabrication or in particular operating conditions. While the manufacturing process can not be affected by the end user, the operating conditions can be in part influenced. Environmental conditions and weather have the strongest aging effect, but also the operating regime can dramatically affect system life cycle. One of the oldest grid-on photovoltaic systems in Czech Republic is operated on the roof of the FEL builging in Pilsen. The PV plant consists from 192 monocrystalline silicon panels with installed power 20 kWp, 200 Wp tracker and experimental installation using different types of silicon panels. The plant is in operation longer than 15 years. The unit has own DAQ system for logging particular electrical and non electrical values in 10 min interval. This data can be used for basic analysis of the system conditions. Entire system is annually inspected in detail using thermovision and VA characteristic analyzer. The main contribution of this paper is analysis of the degradation process based on the data from 15 years of operation. Although the first 14 years showed only marginal degradation with minimal influence on generated power, the 2019 annual measurement detected serious change of system conditions. Significant amount of panels displays evident traces of new degradation such as microcracks, hotspots and connection faults.
{"title":"Particular Silicon Type Photovoltaic Cells Prolonged Degradation","authors":"M. Bělík, Lucie Nohacova","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269235","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on analysis of prolonged degradation process of photovoltaic cells of different technologies based on silicon. All silicon type PV cells tend to have some specific degradation through the operational life. The degradation can originate from material issues of the essential silicon wafers, material aging or mechanical stress of other components used in the panel body and degradation of electrical substructures and elements. The degradation process can have backgrounds in particular stages during fabrication or in particular operating conditions. While the manufacturing process can not be affected by the end user, the operating conditions can be in part influenced. Environmental conditions and weather have the strongest aging effect, but also the operating regime can dramatically affect system life cycle. One of the oldest grid-on photovoltaic systems in Czech Republic is operated on the roof of the FEL builging in Pilsen. The PV plant consists from 192 monocrystalline silicon panels with installed power 20 kWp, 200 Wp tracker and experimental installation using different types of silicon panels. The plant is in operation longer than 15 years. The unit has own DAQ system for logging particular electrical and non electrical values in 10 min interval. This data can be used for basic analysis of the system conditions. Entire system is annually inspected in detail using thermovision and VA characteristic analyzer. The main contribution of this paper is analysis of the degradation process based on the data from 15 years of operation. Although the first 14 years showed only marginal degradation with minimal influence on generated power, the 2019 annual measurement detected serious change of system conditions. Significant amount of panels displays evident traces of new degradation such as microcracks, hotspots and connection faults.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126187108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269272
C. Schmoger, L. Fickert
In practice, there are open questions in NOSPE (low-resistance grounded) medium-voltage networks regarding the correct application and interpretation of (DIN) EN 500522 for the assessment of personal safety at grounding systems. For the first time in German-speaking countries, earth fault tests were designed and carried out in Uckermark, Brandenburg (Germany). The presentation of real current and voltage distributions provides information about the correct interpretation of the theoretical model approaches according to (DIN) EN 50522 as well as a discussion about the application of possible modified models for the ground impedance and the reduction factor. On the basis of the results, the question of how measurement variances occur with the so-called 4-probe measurement method was further investigated.
在实践中，在NOSPE(低阻接地)中压网络中，关于正确应用和解释(DIN) EN 500522来评估接地系统的人身安全，存在一些悬而未决的问题。在德语国家中，第一次在勃兰登堡(德国)的乌克马克设计并进行了接地故障试验。实际电流和电压分布的呈现提供了关于根据(DIN) EN 50522正确解释理论模型方法的信息，以及关于对地阻抗和减小因子可能修改模型的应用的讨论。在此基础上，进一步研究了所谓的四探针测量方法如何产生测量方差的问题。
{"title":"Measurements for effective potential increase in event of high-current earth fault","authors":"C. Schmoger, L. Fickert","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269272","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, there are open questions in NOSPE (low-resistance grounded) medium-voltage networks regarding the correct application and interpretation of (DIN) EN 500522 for the assessment of personal safety at grounding systems. For the first time in German-speaking countries, earth fault tests were designed and carried out in Uckermark, Brandenburg (Germany). The presentation of real current and voltage distributions provides information about the correct interpretation of the theoretical model approaches according to (DIN) EN 50522 as well as a discussion about the application of possible modified models for the ground impedance and the reduction factor. On the basis of the results, the question of how measurement variances occur with the so-called 4-probe measurement method was further investigated.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127196601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269239
T. Trummal, Guido Andreesen, J. Kilter
This paper presents optimal reactive power control methods for allocating required reactive power between the synchronous units in a multi-machine industrial thermal power plant while minimizing reactive power exchange at the connection point to the transmission network. In the paper, three different methods based on i) equal distribution, ii) proportional distribution, and iii) distribution according to active line losses in connection lines between respective generators and busbars, are proposed. For comparison, analysis and verification of the results actual data from one of the industrial power plants in Estonia is used. The results presented indicate the advantages and disadvantages of these methods considering different limitations, e.g. active and reactive power loading capability of the units, busbar voltages and line loadings, in the plant.
{"title":"Optimal Reactive Power Control in a Multi-Machine Thermal Power Plant","authors":"T. Trummal, Guido Andreesen, J. Kilter","doi":"10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE51172.2020.9269239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents optimal reactive power control methods for allocating required reactive power between the synchronous units in a multi-machine industrial thermal power plant while minimizing reactive power exchange at the connection point to the transmission network. In the paper, three different methods based on i) equal distribution, ii) proportional distribution, and iii) distribution according to active line losses in connection lines between respective generators and busbars, are proposed. For comparison, analysis and verification of the results actual data from one of the industrial power plants in Estonia is used. The results presented indicate the advantages and disadvantages of these methods considering different limitations, e.g. active and reactive power loading capability of the units, busbar voltages and line loadings, in the plant.","PeriodicalId":177031,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114608236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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