Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5588184
Joonhyung Park, Sun-kyo Kim, Geun-Pyo Park, Y. Yoon, Sang-Seung Lee
This paper represents a modified dynamic programming solution to the unit commitment (UC) problem. The UC is a complex decision-making process because of multiple constraints which may not be violated while finding the optimal or suboptimal commitment schedule. There are many methods to solve the UC problem gradually. So, before we present our method, we will show the drawbacks of the standard dynamic programming methods which use general purpose optimization techniques to the UC problem. The priority list method, the lagrange relaxation and the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) are possible to apply to a real power system for performing the unit commitment. However, by using these methods, we could not get an optimal solution but only a suboptimal silution. Therefore we propose to get an optimal solution by using dynamic programming. Performing dynamic programming takes a lot of simulation time, so it is not optimal to use in a real power system for performing the unit commitment. Therefore, we need a modified dynamic programming method to satisfy both the simulated and the real power system to get the optimal solution. For those not familiar with UC problem, we introduce the constraints, production cost and start-up cost. The goal of the objective function is in cost minimization, so we use the economic dispatch using the lambda iteration method when we calculate the production costs. Finally, we compare the UC solution by using both methods.
{"title":"Modified dynamic programming based unit commitment technique","authors":"Joonhyung Park, Sun-kyo Kim, Geun-Pyo Park, Y. Yoon, Sang-Seung Lee","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5588184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5588184","url":null,"abstract":"This paper represents a modified dynamic programming solution to the unit commitment (UC) problem. The UC is a complex decision-making process because of multiple constraints which may not be violated while finding the optimal or suboptimal commitment schedule. There are many methods to solve the UC problem gradually. So, before we present our method, we will show the drawbacks of the standard dynamic programming methods which use general purpose optimization techniques to the UC problem. The priority list method, the lagrange relaxation and the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) are possible to apply to a real power system for performing the unit commitment. However, by using these methods, we could not get an optimal solution but only a suboptimal silution. Therefore we propose to get an optimal solution by using dynamic programming. Performing dynamic programming takes a lot of simulation time, so it is not optimal to use in a real power system for performing the unit commitment. Therefore, we need a modified dynamic programming method to satisfy both the simulated and the real power system to get the optimal solution. For those not familiar with UC problem, we introduce the constraints, production cost and start-up cost. The goal of the objective function is in cost minimization, so we use the economic dispatch using the lambda iteration method when we calculate the production costs. Finally, we compare the UC solution by using both methods.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121560551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589516
W. Qiao, Qing Hui
This paper presents an energy-based hybrid control, which replaces the traditional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) for excitation control of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite power system. The proposed controller is based on energy representation of the power system by using a port-controlled Hamiltonian form. The controller uses a hierarchical hybrid architecture characterized by continuous-time dynamics at the lower level of the hierarchy and logical decision-making units at the higher level of the hierarchy. The lower-level units, i.e., the subcontrollers, are each designed for a power system operating mode and directly interact with the power system to be controlled; while the higher-level decision-making units perform logical checks that identify system mode of operation and activates the corresponding lower-level unit; the activated lower-level unit then executes continuous control actions for the power system. Consequently, the controller can adapt to different power system operating modes. Simulation studies are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller for excitation control of the synchronous generator.
{"title":"Energy-based hybrid excitation control for synchronous generators","authors":"W. Qiao, Qing Hui","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5589516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5589516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an energy-based hybrid control, which replaces the traditional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) for excitation control of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite power system. The proposed controller is based on energy representation of the power system by using a port-controlled Hamiltonian form. The controller uses a hierarchical hybrid architecture characterized by continuous-time dynamics at the lower level of the hierarchy and logical decision-making units at the higher level of the hierarchy. The lower-level units, i.e., the subcontrollers, are each designed for a power system operating mode and directly interact with the power system to be controlled; while the higher-level decision-making units perform logical checks that identify system mode of operation and activates the corresponding lower-level unit; the activated lower-level unit then executes continuous control actions for the power system. Consequently, the controller can adapt to different power system operating modes. Simulation studies are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller for excitation control of the synchronous generator.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121579799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589600
Liangyu Ma, Yongjun Lin, Kwang Y. Lee
An Inverse Dynamic Neuro-Controller (IDNC) is developed to improve the superheater steam temperature control of a 300MW boiler unit. A recurrent neural network was used for building the Inverse Dynamic Process Models (IDPMs) for the superheater system. Two inverse dynamic neural network (NN) models referring to the first-stage and the second-stage water-spray attemperators are constructed separately. To achieve highly accurate approximation of the superheater system, the NN models are trained with sufficient historical data in a wide operating range, which consists of both different steady-state conditions and dynamic transients. Then the IDNCs are designed based on the well-trained IDPMs and applied to superheater steam temperature control. In order to eliminate the steady-state control error arisen by the model error, a simple feedback PID compensator is added to an inverse controller. Detailed control tests are carried out on a full-scope simulator for a 300MW coal-fired power generating unit. It is shown that the temperature control is greatly improved with the IDNCs compared to the original cascaded PID control scheme.
{"title":"Superheater steam temperature control for a 300MW boiler unit with Inverse Dynamic Process Models","authors":"Liangyu Ma, Yongjun Lin, Kwang Y. Lee","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5589600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5589600","url":null,"abstract":"An Inverse Dynamic Neuro-Controller (IDNC) is developed to improve the superheater steam temperature control of a 300MW boiler unit. A recurrent neural network was used for building the Inverse Dynamic Process Models (IDPMs) for the superheater system. Two inverse dynamic neural network (NN) models referring to the first-stage and the second-stage water-spray attemperators are constructed separately. To achieve highly accurate approximation of the superheater system, the NN models are trained with sufficient historical data in a wide operating range, which consists of both different steady-state conditions and dynamic transients. Then the IDNCs are designed based on the well-trained IDPMs and applied to superheater steam temperature control. In order to eliminate the steady-state control error arisen by the model error, a simple feedback PID compensator is added to an inverse controller. Detailed control tests are carried out on a full-scope simulator for a 300MW coal-fired power generating unit. It is shown that the temperature control is greatly improved with the IDNCs compared to the original cascaded PID control scheme.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126245670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5588192
Wenhao Zhang, Seung-Jae Lee, Myeon-Song Choi, S. Oda
The distance relay plays an important role in the protection for transmission lines and application of FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) would affect distance relay's performance because of the compensation effect. This paper presents the analytical and simulation results of the application of distance relay for the protection of transmission line containing STATCOM. A typical 500kV transmission system employing STATCOM is modeled using Matlab/Simulink and the impact of STATCOM on distance protection scheme is studied for different fault types, fault locations and system configurations. Based on these analytical and simulation results, the performance of distance relay are evaluated and new setting principle of the distance relay are proposed for the transmission line with STATCOM.
{"title":"Considerations on distance relay setting for transmission line with STATCOM","authors":"Wenhao Zhang, Seung-Jae Lee, Myeon-Song Choi, S. Oda","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5588192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5588192","url":null,"abstract":"The distance relay plays an important role in the protection for transmission lines and application of FACTS devices such as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) would affect distance relay's performance because of the compensation effect. This paper presents the analytical and simulation results of the application of distance relay for the protection of transmission line containing STATCOM. A typical 500kV transmission system employing STATCOM is modeled using Matlab/Simulink and the impact of STATCOM on distance protection scheme is studied for different fault types, fault locations and system configurations. Based on these analytical and simulation results, the performance of distance relay are evaluated and new setting principle of the distance relay are proposed for the transmission line with STATCOM.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5590221
T. Mirbach, A. Schafer, A. Moser
The implementation of emission certificates in Europe in 2005 has lead to new uncertainties especially for power companies resulting in additional costs for the power generation. The introduction of certificates goes along with political conditions and objectives particularly in the European Union until 2020. In consequence, these regulations take influence on the power plant scheduling as well as on market prices for electrical energy and CO2 certificates. By using market simulation methods which simulate supply and demand for electrical energy the price development of the emission certificates can be investigated based on system marginal costs for CO2 emissions. In view of these circumstances this paper presents investigations on the CO2 price development in the European power market for different scenarios up to 2020 e.g. concerning the power generation park as well as the demand of electrical energy based on a market simulation method.
{"title":"CO2 price development in the European power market considering climate objectives","authors":"T. Mirbach, A. Schafer, A. Moser","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5590221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5590221","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of emission certificates in Europe in 2005 has lead to new uncertainties especially for power companies resulting in additional costs for the power generation. The introduction of certificates goes along with political conditions and objectives particularly in the European Union until 2020. In consequence, these regulations take influence on the power plant scheduling as well as on market prices for electrical energy and CO2 certificates. By using market simulation methods which simulate supply and demand for electrical energy the price development of the emission certificates can be investigated based on system marginal costs for CO2 emissions. In view of these circumstances this paper presents investigations on the CO2 price development in the European power market for different scenarios up to 2020 e.g. concerning the power generation park as well as the demand of electrical energy based on a market simulation method.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125246239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5590000
Jin-Woo Park, G. Pyo, S. Moon
Many Korean companies are eager to construct wind farms in Jeju Island, thanks to the Government's policy of supporting renewable energy. Total capacity of planned wind farm is 250MW and government's target is 500MW. At the same time local government of Jeju Island has plans to build new 300MW LNG power plant or 400MW HVDC#2 with mainland. However local power demand of Jeju Island will not be increased largely in near future. Therefore the utilization factors of conventional units are to be decreased significantly. Over construction compare with scale of Jeju power system is worried in this case, it is needed to verify the feasibility of both plans. In this research, the impact on utilization factor of conventional units and HVDC transmission with increased wind power penetration level is presented. And impact of devices planned - LNG, HVDC- is also investigated. The best way for Jeju Island case to increase wind power is presented in this paper.
{"title":"Impact on utilization factor with increasing wind power penetration level in Jeju Island","authors":"Jin-Woo Park, G. Pyo, S. Moon","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5590000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5590000","url":null,"abstract":"Many Korean companies are eager to construct wind farms in Jeju Island, thanks to the Government's policy of supporting renewable energy. Total capacity of planned wind farm is 250MW and government's target is 500MW. At the same time local government of Jeju Island has plans to build new 300MW LNG power plant or 400MW HVDC#2 with mainland. However local power demand of Jeju Island will not be increased largely in near future. Therefore the utilization factors of conventional units are to be decreased significantly. Over construction compare with scale of Jeju power system is worried in this case, it is needed to verify the feasibility of both plans. In this research, the impact on utilization factor of conventional units and HVDC transmission with increased wind power penetration level is presented. And impact of devices planned - LNG, HVDC- is also investigated. The best way for Jeju Island case to increase wind power is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125596741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5590084
Z. Alaywan
New Wind generating facilities are the fastest renewable resource to install and interconnect to the power grid. Wind generation, however, presents the largest operational challenges. Wind generation energy production is extremely variable; it often produces its highest energy output when the demand for power is at a low point. During some periods of the year, wind generation is difficult to forecast because it does not follow a predictable day-to-day production pattern. In general, wind generation has a pattern of maximum wind generation at night, a ramp down of energy production during the morning load pick up period, and a ramp up of generation in the evening. Integration of large amounts of wind generation is technically feasible, but there are transmission, operating and forecasting challenges. The West Texas wind CREZ, Southwest Power Pool (SPP), West Texas wind expansion and eastern New Mexico renewable collector system will add 12,00 to 20,00MW of predominately wind and solar energy to the grid.
{"title":"The Tres Amigas Superstation: Linking renewable energy and the nation's grid (July 2010)","authors":"Z. Alaywan","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5590084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5590084","url":null,"abstract":"New Wind generating facilities are the fastest renewable resource to install and interconnect to the power grid. Wind generation, however, presents the largest operational challenges. Wind generation energy production is extremely variable; it often produces its highest energy output when the demand for power is at a low point. During some periods of the year, wind generation is difficult to forecast because it does not follow a predictable day-to-day production pattern. In general, wind generation has a pattern of maximum wind generation at night, a ramp down of energy production during the morning load pick up period, and a ramp up of generation in the evening. Integration of large amounts of wind generation is technically feasible, but there are transmission, operating and forecasting challenges. The West Texas wind CREZ, Southwest Power Pool (SPP), West Texas wind expansion and eastern New Mexico renewable collector system will add 12,00 to 20,00MW of predominately wind and solar energy to the grid.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121851420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589979
T. Bi, Sumei Liu, Zhenyu Huang, N. Hadjsaid
In recent years, smart grid becomes the trend of future power systems in China and abroad. Present status and the facing challenges of electric power industries in different countries are different, and thus the understanding and the development plan of smart grid are also different from one country to another. In this paper, the motivations and implications of smart grid in USA, Europe and China are compared. Furthermore, the implementation and the key technologies of smart grid in China are introduced.
{"title":"The implication and implementation of smart grid in China","authors":"T. Bi, Sumei Liu, Zhenyu Huang, N. Hadjsaid","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5589979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5589979","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, smart grid becomes the trend of future power systems in China and abroad. Present status and the facing challenges of electric power industries in different countries are different, and thus the understanding and the development plan of smart grid are also different from one country to another. In this paper, the motivations and implications of smart grid in USA, Europe and China are compared. Furthermore, the implementation and the key technologies of smart grid in China are introduced.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121451564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5590056
A. del Rosso, D. Brooks, Yolanda Ramos Jusino
The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) supports an orderly development of the renewable energy potential on the islands. To attain this goal, PREPA is conducting science-based analytical studies and research to increase knowledge on these technologies. As part of this effort, PREPA commissioned the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to assess the potential impacts that different penetration levels of waste-to-energy (WTE) and wind generation on PREPA power system operations. The study covered different technical and economic aspects of wind integration. This paper summarizes the impact of hourly wind power variability and wind generation forecast uncertainty on system operation cost The analytical approach and evaluation results are described.
{"title":"Impacts of bulk wind generation and waste-to-energy on the economic operation of the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority system","authors":"A. del Rosso, D. Brooks, Yolanda Ramos Jusino","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5590056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5590056","url":null,"abstract":"The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) supports an orderly development of the renewable energy potential on the islands. To attain this goal, PREPA is conducting science-based analytical studies and research to increase knowledge on these technologies. As part of this effort, PREPA commissioned the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to assess the potential impacts that different penetration levels of waste-to-energy (WTE) and wind generation on PREPA power system operations. The study covered different technical and economic aspects of wind integration. This paper summarizes the impact of hourly wind power variability and wind generation forecast uncertainty on system operation cost The analytical approach and evaluation results are described.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131459472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-25DOI: 10.1109/PES.2010.5589283
E. Sortomme, R. R. Irani, H. V. Nguyen, M. El-Sharkawi
As demand for clean renewable sources of energy continues to grow, utilities will increasingly rely on wind power to fit that demand. This paper presents a Wind Energy Imbalance Estimation Technique (WEIET). The WEIET estimates the impact on the system energy imbalance from integrating new wind generating facilities. The area control error (ACE) is used in the WEIET to account for the imbalance of the load as well as other system components. The method relies on known and calculable quantities derived from the ACE equation taking into account the additional automatic generation control (AGC) response to the wind schedule/actual mismatch. In its simplest form, this method provides the worst case scenario of the impact on the system reliability metrics from additional wind facilities. This simplest form is easily implementable on all systems. More comprehensive analysis can be performed by expanding on the simplest form. Simulation results on a northwest utility system verify that the proposed technique predicts the impact of integrating an actual wind facility into the balancing area.
{"title":"Estimating energy imbalance due to integration of wind power","authors":"E. Sortomme, R. R. Irani, H. V. Nguyen, M. El-Sharkawi","doi":"10.1109/PES.2010.5589283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5589283","url":null,"abstract":"As demand for clean renewable sources of energy continues to grow, utilities will increasingly rely on wind power to fit that demand. This paper presents a Wind Energy Imbalance Estimation Technique (WEIET). The WEIET estimates the impact on the system energy imbalance from integrating new wind generating facilities. The area control error (ACE) is used in the WEIET to account for the imbalance of the load as well as other system components. The method relies on known and calculable quantities derived from the ACE equation taking into account the additional automatic generation control (AGC) response to the wind schedule/actual mismatch. In its simplest form, this method provides the worst case scenario of the impact on the system reliability metrics from additional wind facilities. This simplest form is easily implementable on all systems. More comprehensive analysis can be performed by expanding on the simplest form. Simulation results on a northwest utility system verify that the proposed technique predicts the impact of integrating an actual wind facility into the balancing area.","PeriodicalId":177545,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PES General Meeting","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132413777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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