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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW)最新文献

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Improving Documentation Agility in Safety-Critical Software Systems Development For Aerospace 提高航空航天安全关键软件系统开发中的文档灵活性
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00071
Joaquim Manuel Silva Cardoso Rodrigues, J. E. Ferreira Ribeiro, Ademar Aguiar
Despite documentation being considered the pri-mary challenge to agile methods in safety-critical software systems development [1], agile would be of particular interest to improve changeability while providing efficiency and effective-ness to all the phases of software development. In this work, we created mechanisms for automating document processing and management to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of documentation activities of safety-critical software systems development, most concretely in the aerospace domain. The implemented tools were co-designed and validated iteratively in the concrete industrial context of Critical Software (CSW) projects, within a wider research work towards continuous certification [3]. We interviewed Critical Software professionals to validate our solution, collected feedback on the implemented tools and got insights for future work. The tools were also the target of synthetic tests that allowed us to conclude that document automation is possible in the critical-safety software development industry and carries several benefits. The developed tools are not yet qualified in compliance with the DO-330 standard (Tools Qualification).
尽管文档被认为是对安全关键型软件系统开发中敏捷方法的主要挑战[1],但敏捷在为软件开发的所有阶段提供效率和有效性的同时,还会对提高可变性特别感兴趣。在这项工作中,我们创建了自动化文档处理和管理机制,以提高安全关键软件系统开发的文档活动的效率和有效性,最具体的是在航空航天领域。实现的工具在关键软件(CSW)项目的具体工业背景下共同设计和迭代验证,在更广泛的持续认证研究工作中[3]。我们采访了Critical Software专业人员来验证我们的解决方案,收集了对实现工具的反馈,并对未来的工作有了深入的了解。这些工具也是综合测试的目标,它使我们得出结论,在关键安全软件开发行业中,文档自动化是可能的,并且带来了几个好处。开发的工具还没有达到DO-330标准(tools Qualification)的要求。
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引用次数: 2
A Taxonomy of Critical AI System Characteristics for Use in Proxy System Testing 用于代理系统测试的关键AI系统特征分类
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00090
J. Defranco, M. Kassab, P. Laplante
Safety and trust are two of the most important features in a critical system. A critical system is one that must be highly reliable in that it not only completes its mission but causes zero harm to the public. The problem is testing a critical system, especially if it employs artificial intelligence (AI). The challenge is critical AI systems (CAIS) may cause unpredictable events and conditions that cannot be modeled during critical error testing. Proxy systems (non-critical prototype) are needed to test the critical system. We present a five-dimensional CAIS taxonomy and a weighting system to map system characteristics to a testing proxy in order to determine equivalent proxy systems to build and test. Ultimately this CAIS taxonomy and weighting system is a way forward to develop a set of proxy systems to use for critical error testing.
安全与信任是关键系统中最重要的两个特征。关键系统必须是高度可靠的,因为它不仅完成了任务,而且不会对公众造成伤害。问题是测试一个关键系统,特别是如果它使用人工智能(AI)。挑战在于关键AI系统(CAIS)可能会导致无法在关键错误测试期间建模的不可预测事件和条件。需要代理系统(非关键原型)来测试关键系统。我们提出了一个五维CAIS分类法和一个加权系统,将系统特征映射到测试代理,以确定要构建和测试的等效代理系统。最终,这种CAIS分类法和加权系统是开发一套用于关键错误测试的代理系统的一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
AI and Stochastic Terrorism – Should it be done? 人工智能和随机恐怖主义——应该这样做吗?
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00091
Bart Kemper
The use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technology may seem to be the tools needed to combat media-inspired “lone wolf attacks” by implementing the concept of “stochastic terrorism,” targeting harmful media influences. Machine Learning is in current use to sort through social media data to assess hate speech. Artificial Intelligence is in current use to interpret the data and trends processed by Machine Learning for tasks such as finding criminal networks. The question becomes “can stochastic terrorism be proven” and “should this be implemented.” Labeling someone as a “terrorist,” regardless of any modifier for the term, tags the person or group for severe, potentially lethal, response by the government and the community. Criminal accusation cannot ethically be done casually or without sufficient cause. Due to documented problems with bias in all aspects of the issue, using these computational tools to establish legal causation between media statements by pundits, politicians, or others and the violence of “lone wolf” actors would not meet the requirements of US jurisprudence or the ethical principles for Artificial Intelligence of being explainable, transparent, and responsible.
人工智能和机器学习技术的使用似乎是打击媒体激发的“孤狼攻击”所需的工具,通过实施“随机恐怖主义”的概念,针对有害的媒体影响。机器学习目前被用于整理社交媒体数据,以评估仇恨言论。人工智能目前被用于解释机器学习处理的数据和趋势,用于寻找犯罪网络等任务。问题变成了“随机恐怖主义能被证明吗?”以及“这应该被实施吗?”给某人贴上“恐怖分子”的标签,不管这个词的修饰词是什么,都会给这个人或组织贴上政府和社会严厉的、可能致命的反应的标签。刑事指控在伦理上不能随随便便,也不能没有充分的理由。由于在这个问题的各个方面都存在偏见的记录问题,使用这些计算工具来建立权威人士、政治家或其他人的媒体言论与“独狼”行为者的暴力之间的法律因果关系,不符合美国法理学的要求,也不符合人工智能可解释、透明和负责任的伦理原则。
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引用次数: 0
A Software Aging-Related Bug Prediction Framework Based on Deep Learning and Weakly Supervised Oversampling 基于深度学习和弱监督过采样的软件老化Bug预测框架
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00066
Yancai Zhou, Chen Zhang, Kai Jia, Dongdong Zhao, Jianwen Xiang
Software aging refers to the phenomenon of sys-tem performance degradation and eventual failure caused by Aging-Related Bugs (ARBs). Software aging seriously affects the reliability and availability of software systems. To discover and remove ARBs, ARBs prediction is presented, and most of them only employed static code metrics to predict those buggy codes. However, static code metrics do not capture the syntactic and semantic features of the code, which are important to building accurate prediction models. To address this problem, we design a deep neural network by combining the bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and the attention mechanism to extract context-sensitive semantic features of the code. In addition, we apply a weakly supervised oversampling (WSO) method to alleviate class imbalance problems in datasets. We named our framework ABLSTM-WSO. We conduct experiments with five classifiers on two widely used open-source projects(MySQL and Linux) and use AUC, Balance, and F1-score as the evaluation metrics. Experimental results show that ABLSTM-WSO can significantly improve the ARBs prediction performance.
软件老化是指由老化相关bug (aging - related Bugs, arb)引起的系统性能下降和最终失效的现象。软件老化严重影响软件系统的可靠性和可用性。为了发现和删除arb,提出了arb预测方法,大多数方法仅使用静态代码度量来预测这些有bug的代码。然而,静态代码度量不能捕获代码的语法和语义特征,而这些特征对于构建准确的预测模型是很重要的。为了解决这一问题,我们设计了一个深度神经网络,结合双向长短期记忆(BLSTM)和注意机制来提取代码的上下文敏感语义特征。此外,我们应用弱监督过采样(WSO)方法来缓解数据集中的类不平衡问题。我们将我们的框架命名为ABLSTM-WSO。我们在两个广泛使用的开源项目(MySQL和Linux)上使用五个分类器进行实验,并使用AUC, Balance和F1-score作为评估指标。实验结果表明,ABLSTM-WSO能显著提高arb的预测性能。
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引用次数: 2
Assurance Guidance for Machine Learning in a Safety-Critical System 安全关键系统中机器学习的保证指南
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00098
M. Feather, Philip C. Slingerland, S. Guerrini, Max Spolaor
We are developing guidance for space domain assurance personnel on how to assure Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems. Key to such guidance will be an assurance process for these personnel, who may be unfamiliar with such systems, to follow. We are investigating one such process, the “Assurance of Machine Learning in Autonomous Systems (AMLAS)” from the University of York, UK. To gauge its suitability, we are (retrospectively) applying it to a safety critical AIIML system in the space domain. We report here on our experience so far in applying this process.
我们正在为空间领域保障人员制定关于如何确保人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)系统的指南。这种指导的关键将是让这些可能不熟悉这种制度的人员遵循一个保证程序。我们正在研究一个这样的过程,即来自英国约克大学的“自治系统中的机器学习保证(AMLAS)”。为了评估其适用性,我们(回顾性地)将其应用于空间域的安全关键AIIML系统。我们在此报告我们迄今在应用这一进程方面的经验。
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引用次数: 2
Safety-Critical Adaptation in Self-Adaptive Systems 自适应系统中的安全关键适应
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00095
Simon Diemert, J. Weber
Modern systems are designed to operate in increasingly variable and uncertain environments. Not only are these environments complex, in the sense that they contain a tremendous number of variables, but they also change over time. Systems must be able to adjust their behaviour at run-time to manage these uncertainties. These “self-adaptive systems” have been studied extensively. This paper proposes a definition of a safety-critical self-adaptive system and then describes a taxonomy for classifying adaptations into different types based on their impact on the system's safety and the system's safety case. The taxonomy expresses criteria for classification and then describes specific criteria that the safety case for a self-adaptive system must satisfy, depending on the type of adaptations performed. Each type in the taxonomy is illustrated using the example of a safety-critical self-adaptive water heating system.
现代系统的设计是为了在日益多变和不确定的环境中运行。这些环境不仅复杂,因为它们包含了大量的变量,而且它们也会随着时间而变化。系统必须能够在运行时调整它们的行为来管理这些不确定性。这些“自适应系统”已被广泛研究。本文提出了安全关键型自适应系统的定义,然后描述了一种分类法,根据它们对系统安全的影响和系统的安全情况,将适应分为不同的类型。分类法表达了分类的标准,然后描述了自适应系统的安全案例必须满足的具体标准,这取决于所执行的适应类型。分类法中的每种类型都使用安全关键自适应水加热系统的示例进行说明。
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引用次数: 1
Automated Validation of Insurance Applications against Calculation Specifications 根据计算规范自动验证保险应用程序
Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00039
Advaita Datar, Amey Zare, A. Asia, R. Venkatesh, Susheel Kumar, U. Shrotri
Insurance companies rely on their Legacy Insurance System (LIS) to govern day-to-day operations. These LIS operate as per the company's business rules that are formally specified in Calculation Specification (CS) sheets. To meet ever-changing business demands, insurance companies are increasingly trans-forming their outdated LIS to modern Policy Administration Systems (PAS). Quality Assurance (QA) of such PAS involves manual validation of calculations' implementation against the corresponding CS sheets from the LIS. This manual QA approach is effort-intensive and error-prone, which may fail to detect inconsistencies in PAS implementations and ultimately result in monetary loss. To address this challenge, we propose a novel low-code/no-code technique to automatically validate PAS imple-mentation against CS sheets. Our technique has been evaluated on a digital transformation project of a large insurance company on 12 real-world calculations through 254 policies. The evaluation resulted in effort savings of approximately 92 percent against the conventional manual validation approach.
保险公司依靠他们的遗留保险系统(LIS)来管理日常运营。这些LIS按照计算规范(CS)表中正式指定的公司业务规则进行操作。为了满足不断变化的业务需求,保险公司越来越多地将其过时的LIS转换为现代化的保单管理系统(PAS)。这种PAS的质量保证(QA)涉及根据LIS的相应CS表对计算实施的手动验证。这种手动QA方法耗费大量精力,而且容易出错,可能无法检测到PAS实现中的不一致性,并最终导致金钱损失。为了解决这一挑战,我们提出了一种新的低代码/无代码技术来自动验证针对CS表的PAS实现。我们的技术已经在一家大型保险公司的数字化转型项目中通过254个保单进行了12个真实世界的计算。与传统的手动验证方法相比,评估结果节省了大约92%的工作量。
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引用次数: 1
RunPHI: Enabling Mixed-criticality Containers via Partitioning Hypervisors in Industry 4.0 RunPHI:在工业4.0中通过分区管理程序启用混合临界容器
Pub Date : 2022-09-05 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00058
Marco Barletta, M. Cinque, L. Simone, Raffaele Della Corte, Giorgio Farina, D. Ottaviano
Orchestration systems are becoming a key component to automatically manage distributed computing resources in many fields with criticality requirements like Industry 4.0 (14.0). However, they are mainly linked to OS-level virtualization, which is known to suffer from reduced isolation. In this paper, we propose RunPHI with the aim of integrating partitioning hypervisors, as a solution for assuring strong isolation, with OS-level orchestration systems. The purpose is to enable container orchestration in mixed-criticality systems with isolation requirements through partitioned containers.
编排系统正在成为许多具有工业4.0(14.0)等关键需求的领域中自动管理分布式计算资源的关键组件。但是,它们主要与操作系统级虚拟化相关联,众所周知,操作系统级虚拟化存在隔离性降低的问题。在本文中,我们提出RunPHI的目的是集成分区管理程序,作为确保与操作系统级编排系统的强隔离的解决方案。其目的是通过分区容器在具有隔离需求的混合临界系统中启用容器编排。
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引用次数: 1
Towards Assessing Isolation Properties in Partitioning Hypervisors 迈向评估分区管理程序中的隔离属性
Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00067
Carmine Cesarano, Domenico Cotroneo, L. Simone
Partitioning hypervisor solutions are becoming increasingly popular, to ensure stringent security and safety requirements related to isolation between co-hosted applications and to make more efficient use of available hardware resources. However, assessment and certification of isolation requirements remain a challenge and it is not trivial to understand what and how to test to validate these properties. Although the high-level requirements to be verified are mentioned in the different security- and safety-related standards, there is a lack of precise guidelines for the evaluator. This guidance should be comprehensive, generalizable to different products that implement partitioning, and tied specifically to lower-level requirements. The goal of this work is to provide a systematic framework that addresses this need.
分区管理程序解决方案正变得越来越流行,以确保与共同托管的应用程序之间的隔离相关的严格安全性和安全性要求,并更有效地利用可用的硬件资源。但是,隔离要求的评估和认证仍然是一项挑战,了解测试什么以及如何测试以验证这些属性并非易事。尽管在不同的安全和安全相关标准中提到了需要验证的高级需求,但对评估人员缺乏精确的指导方针。该指导应该是全面的,可推广到实现分区的不同产品,并专门与较低级别的需求联系在一起。这项工作的目标是提供一个解决这一需求的系统框架。
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引用次数: 1
Managing Service Dependency for Cloud Reliability: The Industrial Practice 管理云可靠性的服务依赖关系:工业实践
Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00041
Tianyi Yang, Baitong Li, Jiacheng Shen, Yuxin Su, Yongqiang Yang, Michael R. Lyu
Interactions between cloud services result in service dependencies. Evaluating and managing the cascading impacts caused by service dependencies is critical to the reliability of cloud systems. This paper summarizes the dependency types in cloud systems and demonstrates the design of the Dependency Management System (DMS), a platform for managing the service dependencies in the production cloud system. DMS features full-lifecycle support for service reliability (i.e., initial service deployment, service upgrade, proactive architectural optimization, and reactive failure mitigation) and refined characterization of the intensity of dependencies.
云服务之间的交互导致服务依赖。评估和管理由服务依赖关系引起的级联影响对云系统的可靠性至关重要。本文总结了云系统中的依赖类型,并展示了依赖管理系统(DMS)的设计,DMS是一个用于管理生产云系统中服务依赖的平台。DMS提供了对服务可靠性的全生命周期支持(即,初始服务部署、服务升级、主动架构优化和响应式故障缓解),以及对依赖关系强度的精细描述。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW)
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