Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.ovri6760
Jon A. Geater
Advanced digital technology including Digital Twins and Blockchain promise significant improvements in efficiency and innovation in the physical world of construction by streamlining processes through automation, and improving operations through detailed data insights. However, this opportunity comes with a risk: importing data and software from external parties creates a complex and fast-moving supply chain that requires constant verification, else bad data can poison automata and compromise business operations. This work presents Dynamic Resilience: a paradigm for trustworthy contextual decision-making based on zero trust principles that aim to keep operations safe and secure even with changing conditions and emerging threats.
{"title":"Digital Twins and Blockchain: How Trustworthy Data Exchange Can Drive Better Business in Construction and Beyond","authors":"Jon A. Geater","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.ovri6760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.ovri6760","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced digital technology including Digital Twins and Blockchain promise significant improvements in efficiency and innovation in the physical world of construction by streamlining processes through automation, and improving operations through detailed data insights. However, this opportunity comes with a risk: importing data and software from external parties creates a complex and fast-moving supply chain that requires constant verification, else bad data can poison automata and compromise business operations. This work presents Dynamic Resilience: a paradigm for trustworthy contextual decision-making based on zero trust principles that aim to keep operations safe and secure even with changing conditions and emerging threats.","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.xols9741
Ryan Howsam, Leonard Kish, A. Lindsey
{"title":"The Future is Now: Blockchain meets Project Schedule Analytics","authors":"Ryan Howsam, Leonard Kish, A. Lindsey","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.xols9741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.xols9741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127424603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.xqoi5629
Daniel S. Hall
Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies represent a new form of economic coordination. Beyond just cryptocurrency transactions, blockchain has inherent affordances that can also be useful to design a new project delivery system. This presentation describes the traditional project delivery system and the integrated project delivery model as past forms of project governance.
{"title":"Integrated Project Delivery and Blockchain","authors":"Daniel S. Hall","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.xqoi5629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.xqoi5629","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies represent a new form of economic coordination. Beyond just cryptocurrency transactions, blockchain has inherent affordances that can also be useful to design a new project delivery system. This presentation describes the traditional project delivery system and the integrated project delivery model as past forms of project governance.","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133790307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.ziof9340
Jennifer Li, Aktham Dabbas
The construction sector is at a point where distributed ledger technologies (DLT) such as blockchain and smart contracts (SCs) are accepted as a future technology in the sphere of digital construction [Xue and Lu, 2020]. The challenge lies in how to move from today’s poorly digitalised sector [Perera, 2020] to a highly digitalised future where DLT and SCs are commonplace throughout the construction lifecycle. In a sector that is resistant to change [McNamara and Sepasgozar, 2020] and second only to agriculture [Argawal et al., 2016] in terms of its digital capabilities, this is an area of research that requires focus. This study aims to support the adoption of DLT and SCs in construction through introduction of two roadmaps to support their implementation. The first is a macro roadmap that supports the sector in readying the construction sector ecosystem that will enable the success of such applications and their contribution to the digital transformation of the sector. The second is a meso roadmap that supports development and implementation of DLT- and SC-based applications through taking a sociotechnical approach to analysis and actions to get the applications to market.
{"title":"Roadmaps to Support Implementation of DLT/Smart Contract Applications in Construction","authors":"Jennifer Li, Aktham Dabbas","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.ziof9340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.ziof9340","url":null,"abstract":"The construction sector is at a point where distributed ledger technologies (DLT) such as blockchain and smart contracts (SCs) are accepted as a future technology in the sphere of digital construction [Xue and Lu, 2020]. The challenge lies in how to move from today’s poorly digitalised sector [Perera, 2020] to a highly digitalised future where DLT and SCs are commonplace throughout the construction lifecycle. In a sector that is resistant to change [McNamara and Sepasgozar, 2020] and second only to agriculture [Argawal et al., 2016] in terms of its digital capabilities, this is an area of research that requires focus. This study aims to support the adoption of DLT and SCs in construction through introduction of two roadmaps to support their implementation. The first is a macro roadmap that supports the sector in readying the construction sector ecosystem that will enable the success of such applications and their contribution to the digital transformation of the sector. The second is a meso roadmap that supports development and implementation of DLT- and SC-based applications through taking a sociotechnical approach to analysis and actions to get the applications to market.","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125036816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.etfa3892
Alpesh Doshi
{"title":"The Promise of Tokenization in Real Estate - Present and Future Opportunities","authors":"Alpesh Doshi","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.etfa3892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.etfa3892","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114808545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.zrvf8881
M. Nati
The modern construction industry is all about connecting supply chains, workers and buildings. Internet of Things is one of the enabling technologies to provide more automation in this highly connected environment. However, more connectivity brings new opportunities but also more cyber-physical threats. In particular in relation to constrained IoT devices. Blockchain and decentralized identities can help to re-establish trust, improve security and develop new business models. Not all blockchains are equal and to guarantee the sustainability of the construction industry, any additional blockchain infrastructure needs to maintain a low carbon footprint. This talk will discuss the role of distributed ledgers (aka DLTs, aka blockchain) and in particular of the IOTA DLT in securing the connected construction industry and present some of the solutions and use cases currently being developed.
{"title":"IOTA ledger and IoT: A Secure Sustainable Infrastructure for the Construction Industry","authors":"M. Nati","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.zrvf8881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.zrvf8881","url":null,"abstract":"The modern construction industry is all about connecting supply chains, workers and buildings. Internet of Things is one of the enabling technologies to provide more automation in this highly connected environment. However, more connectivity brings new opportunities but also more cyber-physical threats. In particular in relation to constrained IoT devices. Blockchain and decentralized identities can help to re-establish trust, improve security and develop new business models. Not all blockchains are equal and to guarantee the sustainability of the construction industry, any additional blockchain infrastructure needs to maintain a low carbon footprint. This talk will discuss the role of distributed ledgers (aka DLTs, aka blockchain) and in particular of the IOTA DLT in securing the connected construction industry and present some of the solutions and use cases currently being developed.","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121323079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.nokh7555
Muammer Semih Sonkor, Borja García de Soto
Collaboration in construction projects is reinforced with building information modelling (BIM) technologies and the use of common data environments (CDEs). However, utilizing centralized data-sharing platforms in projects involving many stakeholders from different disciplines/organizations raises cybersecurity concerns. This article proposes a data-sharing architecture that utilizes blockchain technology and decentralized storage for enhanced cybersecurity. The proposed schema suggests not storing the project files in the blockchain blocks but instead storing their fingerprints. Decentralized storage is proposed for storing and exchanging the actual files in the construction network. While blockchain provides immutability and enables enhanced change tracking, utilizing a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized storage mechanism improves the transaction speed and reduces the total size of the blockchain (copy) that every stakeholder holds in the network. The article presents the proposed idea on a conceptual level. The authors are working on a prototype of the proposed data-sharing architecture to better understand the possible limitations for further improvement and actual implementation.
{"title":"Towards Secure Construction Networks: A Data-Sharing Architecture Utilizing Blockchain Technology and Decentralized Storage","authors":"Muammer Semih Sonkor, Borja García de Soto","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.nokh7555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.nokh7555","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration in construction projects is reinforced with building information modelling (BIM) technologies and the use of common data environments (CDEs). However, utilizing centralized data-sharing platforms in projects involving many stakeholders from different disciplines/organizations raises cybersecurity concerns. This article proposes a data-sharing architecture that utilizes blockchain technology and decentralized storage for enhanced cybersecurity. The proposed schema suggests not storing the project files in the blockchain blocks but instead storing their fingerprints. Decentralized storage is proposed for storing and exchanging the actual files in the construction network. While blockchain provides immutability and enables enhanced change tracking, utilizing a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized storage mechanism improves the transaction speed and reduces the total size of the blockchain (copy) that every stakeholder holds in the network. The article presents the proposed idea on a conceptual level. The authors are working on a prototype of the proposed data-sharing architecture to better understand the possible limitations for further improvement and actual implementation.","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131441801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.eocj4680
V. Dwivedi
Smart contracts are a key component of today’s blockchains. They are critical in controlling decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). However, smart contracts are not yet legally binding nor enforceable; this makes it difficult for businesses to adopt the DAO paradigm. Therefore, this study reviews existing Smart Contract Languages (SCL) and identifies properties that are critical to any future SCL for drafting legally binding contracts. This is achieved by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of white- and grey literature published between 2015 and 2019. Using the SLR methodology, 45 Selected and 28 Supporting Studies detailing 45 state-of-the-art SCLs are selected. Finally, 10 SCL properties that enable legally compliant DAOs are discovered, and specifications for developing SCLs are explored.
{"title":"Case Studies of Contractual (Legal) Automation Using Smart Contracts","authors":"V. Dwivedi","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.eocj4680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.eocj4680","url":null,"abstract":"Smart contracts are a key component of today’s blockchains. They are critical in controlling decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). However, smart contracts are not yet legally binding nor enforceable; this makes it difficult for businesses to adopt the DAO paradigm. Therefore, this study reviews existing Smart Contract Languages (SCL) and identifies properties that are critical to any future SCL for drafting legally binding contracts. This is achieved by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of white- and grey literature published between 2015 and 2019. Using the SLR methodology, 45 Selected and 28 Supporting Studies detailing 45 state-of-the-art SCLs are selected. Finally, 10 SCL properties that enable legally compliant DAOs are discovered, and specifications for developing SCLs are explored.","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131010799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.47330/cbc.2021.lxzr1979
Marta Geater Piekarska
{"title":"Failures of the D words","authors":"Marta Geater Piekarska","doi":"10.47330/cbc.2021.lxzr1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.lxzr1979","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":178316,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain and the Digital Twin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130959619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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