Introduction: Ultrasonography is cheap, non-invasive, reliable, fast method of diagnostic investigation in the measurement of liver size. Normal range of liver size helps to diagnose hepatomegaly sonologically which may be clinically inapparent. Thus warrants further clinical evaluation and other investigations for the prevention of major hepatic comorbidities. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adults with sonographic findings unrelated to liver pathologies. The liver was measured in right midclavicular line from hepatic dome to lower hepatic margin. The correlation between liver size and age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area(BSA) was calculated. The data were properly analyzed in SPSS version 20 software. Results: Out of 400 patients, a male: female ratio of 1:1.25, and the age group was ranging from 20 years to 83 years with a mean age of 48.10±14.86 years were included. The mean liver length in males was 15.05 ± 0.27 cms, females were 14.32 ± 0.29 cms and the total population was 14.73 ±0.46 cms. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between liver size and height, weight whereas the correlation between liver span and BSA was moderate to weak but significant. Similarly, there was a weak but significant correlation between liver size and BMI with no significant association between liver size and age. Conclusion: Accurate assessment of liver size is of utmost importance in the evaluation of suspected hepatic pathologies.
{"title":"Assessment of Normal Liver Size among Adults by Ultrasonography in Kathmandu Medical College","authors":"Elina Shrestha, N. Thapa, Ashok Tayal","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.38394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.38394","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ultrasonography is cheap, non-invasive, reliable, fast method of diagnostic investigation in the measurement of liver size. Normal range of liver size helps to diagnose hepatomegaly sonologically which may be clinically inapparent. Thus warrants further clinical evaluation and other investigations for the prevention of major hepatic comorbidities.\u0000Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adults with sonographic findings unrelated to liver pathologies. The liver was measured in right midclavicular line from hepatic dome to lower hepatic margin. The correlation between liver size and age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area(BSA) was calculated. The data were properly analyzed in SPSS version 20 software.\u0000Results: Out of 400 patients, a male: female ratio of 1:1.25, and the age group was ranging from 20 years to 83 years with a mean age of 48.10±14.86 years were included. The mean liver length in males was 15.05 ± 0.27 cms, females were 14.32 ± 0.29 cms and the total population was 14.73 ±0.46 cms. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between liver size and height, weight whereas the correlation between liver span and BSA was moderate to weak but significant. Similarly, there was a weak but significant correlation between liver size and BMI with no significant association between liver size and age.\u0000Conclusion: Accurate assessment of liver size is of utmost importance in the evaluation of suspected hepatic pathologies.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114809392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Among various imaging modalities useful in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathies, Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is useful to evaluate and determine the presence of vascularity, resistance, direction, and velocity of blood flow in lymph nodes. It can determine the morphological and vascular nature of lymphadenopathies which will further help in the differentiation between benign and malignant nodes. Methods: This study was conducted on 61 patients referred to the Department of radiodiagnosis and imaging of BiratMedcical College for an ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy. These patients had subsequently undergone FNAC examination. Color Doppler sonographic procedures were done with an 11L linear probe with a frequency of 4.5-12MHz and CDUS evaluation of lymph nodes for Resistive Index and Peak systolic velocity were carried out and correlated with FNAC findings. Results: Among 61 lymph nodes, 52 were benign and 9 were malignant in the Color Doppler study where the final diagnosis by FNAC showed 53 benign and 8 malignant nodes. RI above the cutoff value of 0.5 had 83.3% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity, 50% PPV and 95.1% NPV. PSV above the cutoff value of 16cm/sec had 66.6% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, 80.0% PPV and 92.2% NPV with diagnostic accuracy of 91.8%. Conclusion: Morphological features of the nodes such as shape, absence of echogenic hilum, abnormal vascular pattern, and Doppler indices cutoff values of 0.5 and 16cm/s respectively for RI and PSV were sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes.
{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of color doppler Ultrasonography and FNAC in differentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathies at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal","authors":"Bipin Khanal, M. Gautam, Manish Pathak, N. Kafle","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.41215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.41215","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Among various imaging modalities useful in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathies, Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is useful to evaluate and determine the presence of vascularity, resistance, direction, and velocity of blood flow in lymph nodes. It can determine the morphological and vascular nature of lymphadenopathies which will further help in the differentiation between benign and malignant nodes.\u0000Methods: This study was conducted on 61 patients referred to the Department of radiodiagnosis and imaging of BiratMedcical College for an ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy. These patients had subsequently undergone FNAC examination. Color Doppler sonographic procedures were done with an 11L linear probe with a frequency of 4.5-12MHz and CDUS evaluation of lymph nodes for Resistive Index and Peak systolic velocity were carried out and correlated with FNAC findings.\u0000Results: Among 61 lymph nodes, 52 were benign and 9 were malignant in the Color Doppler study where the final diagnosis by FNAC showed 53 benign and 8 malignant nodes. RI above the cutoff value of 0.5 had 83.3% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity, 50% PPV and 95.1% NPV. PSV above the cutoff value of 16cm/sec had 66.6% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, 80.0% PPV and 92.2% NPV with diagnostic accuracy of 91.8%.\u0000Conclusion: Morphological features of the nodes such as shape, absence of echogenic hilum, abnormal vascular pattern, and Doppler indices cutoff values of 0.5 and 16cm/s respectively for RI and PSV were sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131354360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kayastha, Nagma Khatun, P. Regmi, S. Poudel, Prajwal Dhakal, G. Adhikari, Rudra Prasad Upadhyaya, S. Maharjan
Introduction: The knee joint is the space between the femoral and tibial condyles. The tibiofemoral articulations are separated by articular cartilages and menisci; with little contributions from cruciate ligaments. These are collectively seen on a radiograph as a radiolucent area between the bony tibial and femoral condyles. This study was conducted to measure the normal knee joint space in patients referred for X-Ray to the Department of Radiology of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from 1st January to 1st April 2021 in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A total of 157 patients were involved. The radiographic joint space width in the knee joint was measured in both medial and lateral compartments of bilateral knees in correlation with age and gender. Results: The mean right medial, left medial, right lateral, and left lateral spaces for females were 0.25±0.08 cm, 0.23±0.09 cm, 0.49±0.10 cm, and 0.49±0.29 cm respectively. Similarly, the mean right medial left medial, right lateral, and left lateral spaces for males were 0.26±0.07 cm, 0.10±0.09 cm, 0.18±0.09 cm, and 0.17±0.08 cm respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between both right and left joint spaces about age. Conclusion: The radiographic reference values for the joint space width were obtained, showing a positive correlation with age and no significant gender variations in bilateral knees.
{"title":"Radiographic Measurements of Normal Knee Joint Space in Adults","authors":"P. Kayastha, Nagma Khatun, P. Regmi, S. Poudel, Prajwal Dhakal, G. Adhikari, Rudra Prasad Upadhyaya, S. Maharjan","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.44384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.44384","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The knee joint is the space between the femoral and tibial condyles. The tibiofemoral articulations are separated by articular cartilages and menisci; with little contributions from cruciate ligaments. These are collectively seen on a radiograph as a radiolucent area between the bony tibial and femoral condyles. This study was conducted to measure the normal knee joint space in patients referred for X-Ray to the Department of Radiology of a tertiary care hospital. \u0000Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from 1st January to 1st April 2021 in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A total of 157 patients were involved. The radiographic joint space width in the knee joint was measured in both medial and lateral compartments of bilateral knees in correlation with age and gender. \u0000Results: The mean right medial, left medial, right lateral, and left lateral spaces for females were 0.25±0.08 cm, 0.23±0.09 cm, 0.49±0.10 cm, and 0.49±0.29 cm respectively. Similarly, the mean right medial left medial, right lateral, and left lateral spaces for males were 0.26±0.07 cm, 0.10±0.09 cm, 0.18±0.09 cm, and 0.17±0.08 cm respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between both right and left joint spaces about age. \u0000Conclusion: The radiographic reference values for the joint space width were obtained, showing a positive correlation with age and no significant gender variations in bilateral knees.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127400511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Radiology","authors":"Prasanna Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.44388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.44388","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123336461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Sharma, O. Panta, B. Thapa, P. Thapa, Tirthendra Khadka
Introduction: Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for approximately two percent of all infected tuberculosis (TB). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its inherent soft tissue contrast is a very good tool to diagnose the condition and look for its extent and deformities. This study aims to study the MRI findings in a patient with diagnosed case of spinal tuberculosis. Methods: The study was carried out in a referral diagnostic imaging center in western Nepal. All MRI studies of the spine performed in a patient with diagnosed spinal tuberculosis during the study period were included in the study. Patients lacking microbiological or pathological diagnoses of spinal tuberculosis were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 ± 16.8 years. All patients in the study had a spondylodiscitis pattern of involvement. Single intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae were involved in 85.7% and multiple contiguous vertebrae and IV discs were involved in 14.3% of cases. Gibbus deformity was seen in 17.1% of cases. Pre/paravertebral and Epidural collections were seen in 95.7% and 72.9% of patients respectively, whereas psoas abscess was seen in 28.6% of patients. Cord compression with myelopathy was seen in 8.6% of patients. Involvement of posterior elements was seen in 27.1% of patients. Conclusion: MRI is an excellent tool to see the extent, deformity, and abscess in spinal tuberculosis. Most patients with tuberculosis present late with collections and deformities.
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in Pott’s Spine","authors":"B. Sharma, O. Panta, B. Thapa, P. Thapa, Tirthendra Khadka","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.40667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.40667","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for approximately two percent of all infected tuberculosis (TB). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its inherent soft tissue contrast is a very good tool to diagnose the condition and look for its extent and deformities. This study aims to study the MRI findings in a patient with diagnosed case of spinal tuberculosis.\u0000Methods: The study was carried out in a referral diagnostic imaging center in western Nepal. All MRI studies of the spine performed in a patient with diagnosed spinal tuberculosis during the study period were included in the study. Patients lacking microbiological or pathological diagnoses of spinal tuberculosis were excluded from the study.\u0000Results: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 ± 16.8 years. All patients in the study had a spondylodiscitis pattern of involvement. Single intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae were involved in 85.7% and multiple contiguous vertebrae and IV discs were involved in 14.3% of cases. Gibbus deformity was seen in 17.1% of cases. Pre/paravertebral and Epidural collections were seen in 95.7% and 72.9% of patients respectively, whereas psoas abscess was seen in 28.6% of patients. Cord compression with myelopathy was seen in 8.6% of patients. Involvement of posterior elements was seen in 27.1% of patients.\u0000Conclusion: MRI is an excellent tool to see the extent, deformity, and abscess in spinal tuberculosis. Most patients with tuberculosis present late with collections and deformities.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131165519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Midline cystic neck swellings are often seen in younger patients and may have several causes. Sonography is the initial imaging modality followed by a Computer Tomography (CT) scan with MRI being reserved as a problem-solving tool or for preoperative extent evaluation. Pathology usually uses fine-needle aspiration cytology to confirm the diagnosis. We report a case where a cold abscess presenting as cystic midline neck swelling in a young patient, was misinterpreted as an infected thyroglossal cyst on sonography. The presence of lesions consistent with pulmonary tubercular infection helped clinch the diagnosis on the CT scan. This case also highlights the fact that whenever possible a common cause should be sought for different lesions occurring simultaneously.
{"title":"Cold Abscess in Neck Masquerading as Infected Thyroglossal Cyst: A Case Report.","authors":"A. Jha, Suman Lamichanne, Sujit Jha","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.40108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.40108","url":null,"abstract":"Midline cystic neck swellings are often seen in younger patients and may have several causes. Sonography is the initial imaging modality followed by a Computer Tomography (CT) scan with MRI being reserved as a problem-solving tool or for preoperative extent evaluation. Pathology usually uses fine-needle aspiration cytology to confirm the diagnosis. We report a case where a cold abscess presenting as cystic midline neck swelling in a young patient, was misinterpreted as an infected thyroglossal cyst on sonography. The presence of lesions consistent with pulmonary tubercular infection helped clinch the diagnosis on the CT scan. This case also highlights the fact that whenever possible a common cause should be sought for different lesions occurring simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125901943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The goal of this study is to find the sensitivity and specificity of High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest in diagnosing COVID-19 infection using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as a gold standard. Methods: All patients clinically suspected of having COVID 19 infection who had undergone both RT PCR test and HRCT chest were included in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of HRCT chest in diagnosing COVID 19 infection were calculated considering RT-PCR as the gold standard test. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 55.68 years. HRCT chest showed 92.85 % sensitivity, 68.75 % specificity, 93.97 % PPV, 64.7 % NPV and 89 % diagnostic accuracy in the detection of COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: HRCT scan of the chest shows high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. It is a fast diagnostic test and also helps in grading the severity of pneumonia thus in further management.
{"title":"Sensitivity and Specificity of High-Resolution Computer Tomography in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infections","authors":"Subita Lalchan, N. Kushwaha","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.44387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.44387","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The goal of this study is to find the sensitivity and specificity of High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest in diagnosing COVID-19 infection using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as a gold standard. \u0000Methods: All patients clinically suspected of having COVID 19 infection who had undergone both RT PCR test and HRCT chest were included in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of HRCT chest in diagnosing COVID 19 infection were calculated considering RT-PCR as the gold standard test. \u0000Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 55.68 years. HRCT chest showed 92.85 % sensitivity, 68.75 % specificity, 93.97 % PPV, 64.7 % NPV and 89 % diagnostic accuracy in the detection of COVID-19 infection. \u0000Conclusion: HRCT scan of the chest shows high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. It is a fast diagnostic test and also helps in grading the severity of pneumonia thus in further management.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a well-known etiology for chronic musculoskeletal system disorders, like osteoarthritis, affecting the distal femoral cartilages. However, recent studies show protective effects of smoking against osteoarthritis. Ultrasound is an easily accessible and reliable imaging tool for the evaluation of the cartilages, measurement of their thickness, and tissue stiffness. This study seeks to objectively show the effects of smoking by affecting their knee joints’ cartilage and clarify whether it has a chondroprotective effect, or support the usual evidence that smoking is harmful at any cost. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study compares the thickness and elasticity of distal femoral cartilage in heavy, ordinary smokers and non-smokers using B-mode scanning and real-time strain elastographic technique of ultrasound respectively. Results: Among 377 individuals with a mean age of 27.66 years, male predominance (70 %) and mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.55, a higher proportion (50 %) of volunteers were ordinary smokers (pack years <20). Elasticity strain ratios were found to be significantly lower in heavy smokers in both sides’ distal femoral cartilages except in right lateral cartilage (p = <0.001) using Fisher’s exact test. Significantly lower thickness was noted in both cartilages of the right side (p <0.001) and left lateral cartilage (p = 0.001) among heavy smokers. After adjusting for the effects of age, sex, BMI, and occupation using one-way ANOVA, similar results were obtained. Conclusions: Heavy cigarette smoking causes degradation of distal femoral cartilages by decreasing their thickness and elasticity.
{"title":"Correlation of Amount of Cigarette Smoking with Thickness and Elasticity of Distal Femoral Cartilages using Sono-Elastography Techniques of Ultrasound, a Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"N. Bista, Pradesh Ghimire, Mahgn Rances Collao","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.38205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.38205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a well-known etiology for chronic musculoskeletal system disorders, like osteoarthritis, affecting the distal femoral cartilages. However, recent studies show protective effects of smoking against osteoarthritis. Ultrasound is an easily accessible and reliable imaging tool for the evaluation of the cartilages, measurement of their thickness, and tissue stiffness. This study seeks to objectively show the effects of smoking by affecting their knee joints’ cartilage and clarify whether it has a chondroprotective effect, or support the usual evidence that smoking is harmful at any cost.\u0000Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study compares the thickness and elasticity of distal femoral cartilage in heavy, ordinary smokers and non-smokers using B-mode scanning and real-time strain elastographic technique of ultrasound respectively.\u0000 Results: Among 377 individuals with a mean age of 27.66 years, male predominance (70 %) and mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.55, a higher proportion (50 %) of volunteers were ordinary smokers (pack years <20). Elasticity strain ratios were found to be significantly lower in heavy smokers in both sides’ distal femoral cartilages except in right lateral cartilage (p = <0.001) using Fisher’s exact test. Significantly lower thickness was noted in both cartilages of the right side (p <0.001) and left lateral cartilage (p = 0.001) among heavy smokers. After adjusting for the effects of age, sex, BMI, and occupation using one-way ANOVA, similar results were obtained.\u0000 Conclusions: Heavy cigarette smoking causes degradation of distal femoral cartilages by decreasing their thickness and elasticity.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115215147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sharma, Subash Kc, M. Gyawali, D. Karki, Ashish Shrestha, B. Pun, Amrit Pokhrel
Introduction: The new coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV2 strain of coronavirus. The Computed tomography (CT) severity index is a scoring system used to assess the lung changes and involvement by COVID-19 based on approximate estimation of pulmonary involved areas. This study was done to identify the spectrum of CT chest findings and CT severity index in COVID-19 infection and its correlation with age and gender. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 infection with positive PCR results and positive pulmonary CT findings were included in the study. All these patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The CT scan severity score in all of these patients was calculated and the results were analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 104 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in this study. There were 59 males (56.73%) and 45 females (43.3%) in this study. There was a higher chest severity score in males compared to females. However, there was no significant correlation between the age and CT chest severity score. Conclusion: HRCT chest can help in the early identification of the patients who need intensive care. Early admission and intensive care of the patients with high CT severity scores may help to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients.
新型冠状病毒病-19 (COVID-19)是由冠状病毒SARS-CoV2株引起的。计算机断层扫描(CT)严重程度指数是一种基于肺部受累区域的近似估计来评估COVID-19肺部变化和受累程度的评分系统。本研究旨在确定COVID-19感染的CT胸部表现谱和CT严重程度指数及其与年龄和性别的相关性。方法:将PCR阳性、肺部CT阳性的COVID-19感染患者纳入研究。所有患者均行胸部高分辨率计算机断层扫描(HRCT)。计算所有患者的CT扫描严重程度评分，并使用SPSS version 21对结果进行分析。结果:共纳入104例确诊的COVID-19感染患者。男性59例(56.73%)，女性45例(43.3%)。男性的胸部严重程度评分高于女性。然而，年龄与CT胸部严重程度评分无显著相关性。结论:胸部HRCT有助于早期识别需要重症监护的患者。CT严重程度评分高的患者尽早入院并进行重症监护可能有助于降低COVID-19患者的死亡率。
{"title":"High Resolution Computed Tomography findings and Computed Tomography severity index in COVID-19 Infection Correlated with Age and Gender","authors":"P. Sharma, Subash Kc, M. Gyawali, D. Karki, Ashish Shrestha, B. Pun, Amrit Pokhrel","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i2.44386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i2.44386","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The new coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV2 strain of coronavirus. The Computed tomography (CT) severity index is a scoring system used to assess the lung changes and involvement by COVID-19 based on approximate estimation of pulmonary involved areas. This study was done to identify the spectrum of CT chest findings and CT severity index in COVID-19 infection and its correlation with age and gender. \u0000Methods: Patients with COVID-19 infection with positive PCR results and positive pulmonary CT findings were included in the study. All these patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The CT scan severity score in all of these patients was calculated and the results were analyzed by SPSS version 21. \u0000Results: A total of 104 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were included in this study. There were 59 males (56.73%) and 45 females (43.3%) in this study. There was a higher chest severity score in males compared to females. However, there was no significant correlation between the age and CT chest severity score. \u0000Conclusion: HRCT chest can help in the early identification of the patients who need intensive care. Early admission and intensive care of the patients with high CT severity scores may help to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skeletal hydatidosis results from deposition of the larval form of the Echinococcus, a genus of tapeworm. The incidence of bone disease is extremely low as most larvae are trapped by the liver and lung upon release of the embryo into the portal blood stream. Bone hydatid disease is often asymptomatic and its diagnosis is usually made at an advanced stage when lesions have become extensive. The interpretation of imaging studies can prove very confusing as there are no characteristic features and this often leads to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 83 year-old man who was admitted to BPKIHS, Dharan complaining of pain and swelling in left hip.CT scan showed lytic lesion in sacral vertebra involving left sacroiliac joint and ilium and was falsely diagnosed as tuberculosis or neoplastic in nature. The result of FNAC concurred on an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case illustrates that in the absence of high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, imaging findings of hydatid disease in bone mimic to those of other skeletal pathologies and can lead to misinterpretation.
{"title":"Intraosseous Hydatid cyst of sacrum and pelvic bone. An Uncommon Occurrence","authors":"Sapana Koirala, K. Adhikari, Rakshya Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/njr.v11i1.36136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v11i1.36136","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal hydatidosis results from deposition of the larval form of the Echinococcus, a genus of tapeworm. The incidence of bone disease is extremely low as most larvae are trapped by the liver and lung upon release of the embryo into the portal blood stream. Bone hydatid disease is often asymptomatic and its diagnosis is usually made at an advanced stage when lesions have become extensive. The interpretation of imaging studies can prove very confusing as there are no characteristic features and this often leads to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 83 year-old man who was admitted to BPKIHS, Dharan complaining of pain and swelling in left hip.CT scan showed lytic lesion in sacral vertebra involving left sacroiliac joint and ilium and was falsely diagnosed as tuberculosis or neoplastic in nature. The result of FNAC concurred on an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case illustrates that in the absence of high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, imaging findings of hydatid disease in bone mimic to those of other skeletal pathologies and can lead to misinterpretation.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122339670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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