Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the major complications in first trimester pregnancy, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 1.3-2.4% of all pregnancies. Previously, though laparoscopy was considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, due to availability of high resolution ultrasound, it has become the first line investigation for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2015 till December 2017. All the cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. Ultrasonological and intraoperative findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS (VERSION 16).Results: Twenty six patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was 0.35%. It was most common among the reproductive age group between 20-40 years with mean age of 30.50 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (n=10, 38.5%) was considered as risk factor. Radiological finding of Type III ectopic pregnancy (n=21, 80.8%) was the most common type.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common among reproductive age group with previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Type III is the most common type.
{"title":"Clinico-Ultrasonographic Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in Western Nepal","authors":"Sangeeta Gurung, P. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20438","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the major complications in first trimester pregnancy, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 1.3-2.4% of all pregnancies. Previously, though laparoscopy was considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, due to availability of high resolution ultrasound, it has become the first line investigation for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2015 till December 2017. All the cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. Ultrasonological and intraoperative findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS (VERSION 16).Results: Twenty six patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was 0.35%. It was most common among the reproductive age group between 20-40 years with mean age of 30.50 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (n=10, 38.5%) was considered as risk factor. Radiological finding of Type III ectopic pregnancy (n=21, 80.8%) was the most common type.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common among reproductive age group with previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Type III is the most common type.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125628830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Radiologic Journal","authors":"B. R. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20435","url":null,"abstract":"Not Available","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130787831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gautam, D. Adhikari, M. Dhital, Sudipa Thakur, B. Adhikari
Introduction: The variation in the course of infraorbital canal and protrusion of the infraorbital nerve through it to the maxillary sinus may lead to its accidental injury during reconstructive or endoscopic sinus surgery. Preoperative identification of this variant will prevent unintended injuries. Methods: A retrospective study of 307 patients who underwent CT scan study of the paranasal sinuses at Chitwan Medical College, Nepal was conducted. The protrusion of infraorbital nerve to the maxillary sinus was identified and the length of the bony septum along with the infraorbital nerve was measured. It was further classified as Class I to III according to the length of the septum.Results: The prevalence of protrusion of inferior orbital nerve in our study was 11.40 % and bilateral protrusion was 5.8 %. The median length of the protruding component along with the septum was 4.9 mm. Conclusion: Preoperative identification of the normal protrusion of infraorbital nerve to the maxillary sinus will prevent accidental injuries during sinus surgery. CT scan of the paranasal sinus would be the modality of choice for identification of this variant.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Protrusion of Infraorbital Nerve into Maxillary Sinus Identified on CT Scan of the Paranasal Sinuses at a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal","authors":"R. Gautam, D. Adhikari, M. Dhital, Sudipa Thakur, B. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20440","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The variation in the course of infraorbital canal and protrusion of the infraorbital nerve through it to the maxillary sinus may lead to its accidental injury during reconstructive or endoscopic sinus surgery. Preoperative identification of this variant will prevent unintended injuries. Methods: A retrospective study of 307 patients who underwent CT scan study of the paranasal sinuses at Chitwan Medical College, Nepal was conducted. The protrusion of infraorbital nerve to the maxillary sinus was identified and the length of the bony septum along with the infraorbital nerve was measured. It was further classified as Class I to III according to the length of the septum.Results: The prevalence of protrusion of inferior orbital nerve in our study was 11.40 % and bilateral protrusion was 5.8 %. The median length of the protruding component along with the septum was 4.9 mm. Conclusion: Preoperative identification of the normal protrusion of infraorbital nerve to the maxillary sinus will prevent accidental injuries during sinus surgery. CT scan of the paranasal sinus would be the modality of choice for identification of this variant. ","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116103659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Rupture of intracranial aneurysms is the most common cause for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is a devastating stroke with high morbidity and mortality. This study was done to determine the frequency, location and size of aneurysms in patients presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods: This prospective cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to June 2016. All patients who presented with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and had a positive angiography of brain were included in the study.Results: There were 39 patients who had positive angiographic results. Male: female ratio was 1:2.25. Mean age was 55.79 years. Nine patients had more than one aneurysms. More than 50% of patients were of age group 50-70 years. Anterior circulation aneurysms were found in 90% of patients. Anterior communicating artery was the commonest location of aneurysms. Most of the aneurysms had neck size less than 4 mm.Conclusion: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm was the commonest location of ruptured aneurysms. 23.07% of patients had multiple aneurysms.
{"title":"An Analysis of Intracranial Aneurysms Presenting with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara","authors":"B. Karmacharya, N. Yogi","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20451","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rupture of intracranial aneurysms is the most common cause for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. It is a devastating stroke with high morbidity and mortality. This study was done to determine the frequency, location and size of aneurysms in patients presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods: This prospective cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to June 2016. All patients who presented with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and had a positive angiography of brain were included in the study.Results: There were 39 patients who had positive angiographic results. Male: female ratio was 1:2.25. Mean age was 55.79 years. Nine patients had more than one aneurysms. More than 50% of patients were of age group 50-70 years. Anterior circulation aneurysms were found in 90% of patients. Anterior communicating artery was the commonest location of aneurysms. Most of the aneurysms had neck size less than 4 mm.Conclusion: Anterior communicating artery aneurysm was the commonest location of ruptured aneurysms. 23.07% of patients had multiple aneurysms. ","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129936909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydatid disease may develop in almost any part of the body. Approximately 70% of the hydatid cysts are located in the liver followed by the lung (25%). The kidneys, spleen, mesentery, peritoneum, soft tissues and brain are uncommon locations for hydatid cysts. Involvement of pelvis is very rare, with ovary the most frequently involved genital organ. We report a rare case of abdominal hydatidosis with cysts in the liver, spleen, peritoneal cavity and ovary.
{"title":"Abdominal Hydatidosis-A Rare Presentation","authors":"H. Khadka, Saroj Sharma, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20455","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid disease may develop in almost any part of the body. Approximately 70% of the hydatid cysts are located in the liver followed by the lung (25%). The kidneys, spleen, mesentery, peritoneum, soft tissues and brain are uncommon locations for hydatid cysts. Involvement of pelvis is very rare, with ovary the most frequently involved genital organ. We report a rare case of abdominal hydatidosis with cysts in the liver, spleen, peritoneal cavity and ovary.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124428864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scope of applications of chest ultrasound has been significantly widened in the last few years. Effusions as little as 5 ml can be identified without problems in a standing or sitting position laterodorsal in the angle between the chest wall and the diaphragm.Portable ultrasound systems are being used to an increasing extent in preclinical sonography, at the site of trauma, in the ambulance of the emergency physician or in helicopters. In the emergency room, at the intensive care unit and in clinical routine, chest ultrasound has proved its worth as a strategic instrument to be used directly after the clinical investigation. Several diagnoses such as pneumothorax, (no sliding sign, no B-lines, no lung pulse, lung point) pneumonia (liver like consolidation with bronchoaerogram) rib fractures (step in cortical bone and hematoma) pulmonary embolism (typical subpleural lesions) can be established immediately. In combination with echocardiography and leg vein compression ultrasound (triple organ ultrasound), the accuracy is more than 90%. The evidence of interstitial syndrome has shown a significant correlation with extravascular lung water in cases of pulmonary edema and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.Chest ultrasound helps in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Contrast ultrasound (CEUS) is a new tool for the differentiation of sub pleural lung lesions. Ultrasound guided interventions (biopsy, drainage) are very successful. The rate of complications is low when the procedure is performed by trained therapists.Ultrasound is a fixed element of several international guidelines.
{"title":"Chest Ultrasound- Update 2018","authors":"W. Blank, G. Mathis","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20465","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of applications of chest ultrasound has been significantly widened in the last few years. Effusions as little as 5 ml can be identified without problems in a standing or sitting position laterodorsal in the angle between the chest wall and the diaphragm.Portable ultrasound systems are being used to an increasing extent in preclinical sonography, at the site of trauma, in the ambulance of the emergency physician or in helicopters. In the emergency room, at the intensive care unit and in clinical routine, chest ultrasound has proved its worth as a strategic instrument to be used directly after the clinical investigation. Several diagnoses such as pneumothorax, (no sliding sign, no B-lines, no lung pulse, lung point) pneumonia (liver like consolidation with bronchoaerogram) rib fractures (step in cortical bone and hematoma) pulmonary embolism (typical subpleural lesions) can be established immediately. In combination with echocardiography and leg vein compression ultrasound (triple organ ultrasound), the accuracy is more than 90%. The evidence of interstitial syndrome has shown a significant correlation with extravascular lung water in cases of pulmonary edema and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.Chest ultrasound helps in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Contrast ultrasound (CEUS) is a new tool for the differentiation of sub pleural lung lesions. Ultrasound guided interventions (biopsy, drainage) are very successful. The rate of complications is low when the procedure is performed by trained therapists.Ultrasound is a fixed element of several international guidelines.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131748906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Polyhydramnios is excessive amount of amniotic fluid in relation to gestational age. It is frequently associated with congenital anomalies of the fetus. The aim of this study was to see the prevalence of congenital anomalies in polyhydramnios.Methods: Singleton pregnant irrespective of gestational age with amniotic fluid index more than 25 were included in the study. Degree of polyhydramnios was graded as mild, moderate and severe. Detail study of fetus was done for possible congenital anomalies. Congenital anomalies were confirmed with post-natal findings.Results: There were 39 pregnant women with amniotic fluid index (AFI) > 25 cm. Prevalence of polyhydramnios was 0.3%. Congenital anomalies were present in 31.6 % of pregnant women with polyhydramnios. In pregnant women with severe polyhydramnios; 66.6 % had congenital anomalies. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and skeletal anomalies were the frequent anomalies associated with polyhydramnios.Conclusion: Polyhydramnios is associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies hence a detail survey of fetus should be done for possible congenital anomalies.
{"title":"Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Polyhydramnios: A hospital based study from Western Nepal","authors":"Subita Lalchan, P. Sharma, Sangeeta Gurung","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20452","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Polyhydramnios is excessive amount of amniotic fluid in relation to gestational age. It is frequently associated with congenital anomalies of the fetus. The aim of this study was to see the prevalence of congenital anomalies in polyhydramnios.Methods: Singleton pregnant irrespective of gestational age with amniotic fluid index more than 25 were included in the study. Degree of polyhydramnios was graded as mild, moderate and severe. Detail study of fetus was done for possible congenital anomalies. Congenital anomalies were confirmed with post-natal findings.Results: There were 39 pregnant women with amniotic fluid index (AFI) > 25 cm. Prevalence of polyhydramnios was 0.3%. Congenital anomalies were present in 31.6 % of pregnant women with polyhydramnios. In pregnant women with severe polyhydramnios; 66.6 % had congenital anomalies. Central nervous system, gastrointestinal and skeletal anomalies were the frequent anomalies associated with polyhydramnios.Conclusion: Polyhydramnios is associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies hence a detail survey of fetus should be done for possible congenital anomalies.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123494558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bochdalek hernia is the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia that typically presents in childhood. However, right sided diaphragmatic hernia is relatively rare. We review the case of 21 years old female with incidentally detected congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the right side. There are fewer than 20 cases of right sided diaphragmatic hernia reported in adults in literature.
{"title":"Right Sided Bochdalek Hernia in Adult: A Case Report & Review of Literature","authors":"Bishownath Sharma, D. Gupta","doi":"10.3126/njr.v8i1.20457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v8i1.20457","url":null,"abstract":"Bochdalek hernia is the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia that typically presents in childhood. However, right sided diaphragmatic hernia is relatively rare. We review the case of 21 years old female with incidentally detected congenital diaphragmatic hernia on the right side. There are fewer than 20 cases of right sided diaphragmatic hernia reported in adults in literature.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123745907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibromais a rare fibro-osseous tumor seen in children and adolescentand mostly arising from the cranio-facial bone.We report a case of 18-year-old boy who presented with diplopiaand progressive right fronto-orbital swelling. On plain radiograph and CT, it was diagnosed as fibrous dysplasiaand mucocele as differential diagnosis. The tumor was resected and histopathological examination showed psammomatoid features. Therefore, the diagnosis of Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma must be based on both radiological and histopathological findings.
{"title":"Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma of Fronto-Ethmoid Complex Mimicking Fibrous Dysplasia: Case Report","authors":"K. Adhikari, A. Pant, Sapana Koirala","doi":"10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/NJR.V8I1.20454","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibromais a rare fibro-osseous tumor seen in children and adolescentand mostly arising from the cranio-facial bone.We report a case of 18-year-old boy who presented with diplopiaand progressive right fronto-orbital swelling. On plain radiograph and CT, it was diagnosed as fibrous dysplasiaand mucocele as differential diagnosis. The tumor was resected and histopathological examination showed psammomatoid features. Therefore, the diagnosis of Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma must be based on both radiological and histopathological findings.","PeriodicalId":178516,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Radiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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