Pub Date : 1994-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794317
Christer Bohlin
If the plant itself is struck by lightning, it is of course destructed in one way or the other. But even a lightning which strikes far away from the plant can result in damages due to overvoltags which are entering the plant via the connected wire systems. This is the reason why strokes of lightning outside the plant is of great importance, as they occur more often than direct hits by the lightning.
{"title":"Conditions to Accomplish a Well Defined Electrical Environment in Order to Achive a General Lightning Protection for Electronic Equipments","authors":"Christer Bohlin","doi":"10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794317","url":null,"abstract":"If the plant itself is struck by lightning, it is of course destructed in one way or the other. But even a lightning which strikes far away from the plant can result in damages due to overvoltags which are entering the plant via the connected wire systems. This is the reason why strokes of lightning outside the plant is of great importance, as they occur more often than direct hits by the lightning.","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129195787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794357
M. Riha
to introduce ISDN services, value-added services and other services immediately after the standardiza tion has been completed. The cost of realizing this plan is estimated at 130.000 million. Kc (Czech currency). First telecommunication proiect Besidedetailing a strategicplan, thefirsttelecommunication project was developed to form the implementation plan for the years 1992-1995. This plan serves as a toundation for:
{"title":"Modernization of the Czech Telecommunication Network; Design parameters for buildings and air-conditioning systems","authors":"M. Riha","doi":"10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794357","url":null,"abstract":"to introduce ISDN services, value-added services and other services immediately after the standardiza tion has been completed. The cost of realizing this plan is estimated at 130.000 million. Kc (Czech currency). First telecommunication proiect Besidedetailing a strategicplan, thefirsttelecommunication project was developed to form the implementation plan for the years 1992-1995. This plan serves as a toundation for:","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123027569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794343
W. Solter, N. Berg
According to (2), rectifiers for telecommunication power supplies with BE circuits are graded in 7 classes that permit total input current harmonic distortion of less 60%, 45%, 35% and 10%. The 2-20 JkVA ratings that can be connected to 400 V call for harmonic distortions less than 45% and 35% for the line input current at 3-25 kVA. Ratings up to 50 kVA may generate harmonics of 10% maximum or they must be connected to a separate medium-voltage transformer.
{"title":"18 kW Switch Mode Rectifier Circuit Topology","authors":"W. Solter, N. Berg","doi":"10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794343","url":null,"abstract":"According to (2), rectifiers for telecommunication power supplies with BE circuits are graded in 7 classes that permit total input current harmonic distortion of less 60%, 45%, 35% and 10%. The 2-20 JkVA ratings that can be connected to 400 V call for harmonic distortions less than 45% and 35% for the line input current at 3-25 kVA. Ratings up to 50 kVA may generate harmonics of 10% maximum or they must be connected to a separate medium-voltage transformer.","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115650185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794327
M. James
Over the past twenty years there have been significant alterations to large UPS systems and similar changes have taken place on DC power systems for telecommunications. Both have electronic circuits to condition the power and batteries to supply the energy in the event of mains failure. In the early days it was generally the policy to back up the whole, building when a UPS was employed. The incoming supply was connected via the UPS which was normally housed in a special room located in the basement. The 48 volt power supplies for telecoms, were similarly located with large busbars to distribute the current which often involved thousands of amps. The batteries employed were wet cells which required special ventilation and regular maintenance.
{"title":"Changes in Power Supply Systems","authors":"M. James","doi":"10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794327","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past twenty years there have been significant alterations to large UPS systems and similar changes have taken place on DC power systems for telecommunications. Both have electronic circuits to condition the power and batteries to supply the energy in the event of mains failure. In the early days it was generally the policy to back up the whole, building when a UPS was employed. The incoming supply was connected via the UPS which was normally housed in a special room located in the basement. The 48 volt power supplies for telecoms, were similarly located with large busbars to distribute the current which often involved thousands of amps. The batteries employed were wet cells which required special ventilation and regular maintenance.","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125500452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794316
P. Rajala
Valmet Corporation has manufactured diesel generating sets as various configurations over 40 years and it is one of the field's largest manufacturer in Scandinavia. In the 1980's Valmet developed a new series of diesel generating sets called Series V as well as compact power plants which has brought new potential for standby power. As an indication of innovation a patent has been issued for this new diesel generating set in all the countries it has been applied for. The compact power plant as specified in this paper is meant for the outputs up to 250 kVA. In this output range it will give certain technical and economical advantages. To be economical the plant must go in a small room and the installation, commissioning and maintenance must be easy. The above-mentioned requirements led into a modular configuration. All the modules needed in the plant are manufactured in advance as a series production which means savings in costs and also as is well known improves the reliability of the whole plant, because there is no need for improvisation, in the machinery room at the installation stage. Thanks to the modular configuration and for the reason that the plant is ready-adjusted, set and test-run at the factory the commissioning is easy. In the compact power plant the diesel engine is installed above the generator. The power transmission from engine to generator is achieved by a toothed belt.
{"title":"Compact Power Plants as an Economical and Reliable Standby Power Supply","authors":"P. Rajala","doi":"10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794316","url":null,"abstract":"Valmet Corporation has manufactured diesel generating sets as various configurations over 40 years and it is one of the field's largest manufacturer in Scandinavia. In the 1980's Valmet developed a new series of diesel generating sets called Series V as well as compact power plants which has brought new potential for standby power. As an indication of innovation a patent has been issued for this new diesel generating set in all the countries it has been applied for. The compact power plant as specified in this paper is meant for the outputs up to 250 kVA. In this output range it will give certain technical and economical advantages. To be economical the plant must go in a small room and the installation, commissioning and maintenance must be easy. The above-mentioned requirements led into a modular configuration. All the modules needed in the plant are manufactured in advance as a series production which means savings in costs and also as is well known improves the reliability of the whole plant, because there is no need for improvisation, in the machinery room at the installation stage. Thanks to the modular configuration and for the reason that the plant is ready-adjusted, set and test-run at the factory the commissioning is easy. In the compact power plant the diesel engine is installed above the generator. The power transmission from engine to generator is achieved by a toothed belt.","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125243333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-01DOI: 10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794338
F. Richter
This test data shecet will be transferred to thie MemoCard. The MemoCard is now available withi all general data for the BattChieck. Thie card as small as a chieque card is then inserted into BattCheck. Now all rated values of the battery system are available for the m-ainteniance. After the maintenance is conicluded, thie measuired data will be transferred to the MemoCard. As data of abt. 1000 cells can be stored on the MemoCard, a combination of more units is possible (e. g. all batteries of onie customecr).
{"title":"Battery Maintenance System Battcheck","authors":"F. Richter","doi":"10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TELESC.1994.4794338","url":null,"abstract":"This test data shecet will be transferred to thie MemoCard. The MemoCard is now available withi all general data for the BattChieck. Thie card as small as a chieque card is then inserted into BattCheck. Now all rated values of the battery system are available for the m-ainteniance. After the maintenance is conicluded, thie measuired data will be transferred to the MemoCard. As data of abt. 1000 cells can be stored on the MemoCard, a combination of more units is possible (e. g. all batteries of onie customecr).","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125340008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/p2p.2013.6688691
The document that should appear here is not currently available.
这里应该出现的文档目前不可用。
{"title":"PDF Not Yet Available In IEEE Xplore","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/p2p.2013.6688691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/p2p.2013.6688691","url":null,"abstract":"The document that should appear here is not currently available.","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/telesc.1994.4794349
{"title":"Regional Telekom Offices and their Duties","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/telesc.1994.4794349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/telesc.1994.4794349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"47 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120850570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/telesc.1994.4794378
The free maintenance batteries used on telecommunicator applications belong to the very new models produced on that aim. Those are stationary lead acid batteries with grid type pasted. We have used alloys with a reduced content of stibium (less than 2 precentes) and an addition of Selenium (1.25%) in the producing process of the positive and negative grills of those batteries. The active mass was obtained in accordance with usual technologies. The innovation consists in the utilization of the perchloric acid salts and of the another anorganic compound named "S" - both as additions to electrolyte formation-working into ose batteries. The chemical reactions assumed for the electroformation in H2SO4 + HCl04 mxied electrolyte are the followings: Pb2+ + SO2-4 PbSO4 (1) PbSO4 + 2H2O PbO2 + H SO-4 + 3H+ + 2e (2) PbSO4 + 2H+ + 2e Pb + 2H+ + SO2-4 (3) PbO2 + Pb + 4HClO4 2Pb(ClO4)2 + 2H2O (4) Pb(ClO4)2 + H2SO4 PbSO4 + 2HClO4 (5) The compound "S" added to the mixed electrolyte H2SO4 + HClO4 has the role of removing the defavorable effects which can occur as a result of the existance of th HClO4 marks into the active mass pores. The fig. 1 and 2 presents the compotament at the polarisation of the alloys used for the grill making of the free maintenace lead-acid batteries in telecommunication application.
用于电信应用的免维护电池属于为此目的而生产的新型号。这些是固定的铅酸电池，贴着栅格。我们在这些电池的正极和负极格栅的生产过程中使用了锑含量降低(低于2%)和硒含量增加(1.25%)的合金。活性物质按常规工艺得到。这项创新在于利用高氯酸盐和另一种名为“S”的无机化合物——两者都是电解质形成的添加剂——来制造ose电池。的化学反应假定electroformation在硫酸+ HCl04 mxied电解质是:Pb2 + +共同PbSO4 (1) PbSO4 + 2水二氧化铅e + H H + 4 + 3 + 2 (2) PbSO4 + 2 H + + 2 e Pb + 2 H + +共同作用(3)二氧化铅+ Pb + 4高氯酸Pb (ClO4) 2 + 2水(4)Pb (ClO4) 2 +硫酸PbSO4 + 2高氯酸(5)复合“S”添加到混合电解液硫酸+高氯酸删除defavorable效应的作用,可能出现的结果存在的高氯酸标志着进入毛孔活动质量。图1和图2显示了用于电信应用中免费维护铅酸电池的格栅制造的合金的极化成分。
{"title":"Free Maintenance Lead Acid Batteries in Telecommunication Application","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/telesc.1994.4794378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/telesc.1994.4794378","url":null,"abstract":"The free maintenance batteries used on telecommunicator applications belong to the very new models produced on that aim. Those are stationary lead acid batteries with grid type pasted. We have used alloys with a reduced content of stibium (less than 2 precentes) and an addition of Selenium (1.25%) in the producing process of the positive and negative grills of those batteries. The active mass was obtained in accordance with usual technologies. The innovation consists in the utilization of the perchloric acid salts and of the another anorganic compound named \"S\" - both as additions to electrolyte formation-working into ose batteries. The chemical reactions assumed for the electroformation in H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> + HCl0<inf>4</inf> mxied electrolyte are the followings: Pb<sup>2+</sup> + SO<sup>2-</sup><inf>4</inf> PbSO<inf>4</inf> (1) PbSO<inf>4</inf> + 2H<inf>2</inf>O PbO<inf>2</inf> + H SO<sup>-</sup><inf>4</inf> + 3H<sup>+</sup> + 2e (2) PbSO<inf>4</inf> + 2H<sup>+</sup> + 2e Pb + 2H<sup>+</sup> + SO<sup>2-</sup><inf>4</inf> (3) PbO<inf>2</inf> + Pb + 4HClO<inf>4</inf> 2Pb(ClO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> + 2H<inf>2</inf>O (4) Pb(ClO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> + H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> PbSO<inf>4</inf> + 2HClO<inf>4</inf> (5) The compound \"S\" added to the mixed electrolyte H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> + HClO<inf>4</inf> has the role of removing the defavorable effects which can occur as a result of the existance of th HClO<inf>4</inf> marks into the active mass pores. The fig. 1 and 2 presents the compotament at the polarisation of the alloys used for the grill making of the free maintenace lead-acid batteries in telecommunication application.","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131475793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/telesc.1994.4794350
{"title":"How to Buy Power Supply Equipment and Standby Generators - The European Market","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/telesc.1994.4794350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/telesc.1994.4794350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":178715,"journal":{"name":"TELESCON '94 - The First International Telecommunications Energy Special Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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