A Concise History of Greece最新文献

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Ottoman rule and the emergence of the Greek state 1770-1831 奥斯曼帝国统治和希腊国家的出现(1770-1831)

A Concise History of Greece

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108953924.003

All countries are burdened by their history, but the past weighs particularly heavily on Greece. It is still, regrettably, a commonplace to talk of ‘modern Greece’ and of ‘modern Greek’ as though ‘Greece’ and ‘Greek’ must necessarily refer to the ancient world. The burden of antiquity has been both a boon and a bane. The degree to which the language and culture of the ancient Greek world was revered throughout Europe (and, indeed, in the United States where some of the founding fathers were nurtured on the classics) during the critical decades of the national revival in the early nineteenth century was a vital factor in stimulating in the Greeks themselves, or at least in the nationalist intelligentsia, a consciousness that they were the heirs to a heritage that was universally admired. Such an awareness had scarcely existed during the centuries of Ottoman rule and this ‘sense of the past’, imported from western Europe, was a major constituent in the development of the Greek national movement, contributing significantly to its precocity in relation to other Balkan independence movements. The heritage of the past was also important in exciting the interest of liberal, and indeed of conservative, opinion in the fate of the insurgent Greeks. In the 1820s, even such an unreconstructed pillar of the traditional order as Viscount Castlereagh, the British foreign secretary, was moved to ask whether ‘those, in admiration of whom we have been educated, be doomed . . . to drag out, for all time to come, the miserable existence to which circumstances have reduced them’. Indeed such attitudes have persisted to the present. During the debate in the British

所有国家都背负着历史的重担，但希腊的历史负担尤其沉重。令人遗憾的是，谈论“现代希腊”和“现代希腊”仍然是老生常谈，好像“希腊”和“希腊”一定是指古代世界。古代的负担既是福也是祸。在19世纪早期民族复兴的关键几十年里，古希腊世界的语言和文化在整个欧洲(事实上，在美国，一些开国元勋是在古典文学的熏陶下成长起来的)受到尊重的程度，是激发希腊人自己，或者至少是民族主义知识分子意识到他们是普遍钦佩的遗产的继承人的一个至关重要的因素。在奥斯曼帝国统治的几个世纪里，这种意识几乎不存在，这种从西欧传入的“过去感”是希腊民族运动发展的主要组成部分，对其相对于其他巴尔干独立运动的早熟做出了重大贡献。过去的遗产也很重要，因为它激发了自由主义者的兴趣，实际上也是保守主义者对起义的希腊人的命运的看法。在19世纪20年代，即使是像英国外交大臣卡斯尔雷子爵(Viscount Castlereagh)这样一个传统秩序的顽固不化的支柱，也被感动地问道:“那些我们所崇拜的人是否注定要灭亡?”在将来的任何时候，都要忍受环境把他们逼到的悲惨生活。”事实上，这种态度一直延续到现在。在英国的辩论中

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A Concise History of Greece

Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108953924.014

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