Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.320
B. Sung, Ye-Hun Im, Kwangkyu Lee
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of non-linear periodization strength training on basic and professional fitness of national cross-country skiers.METHODS The body composition (height, weight, BMI, body fat %), basic physical strength (grip strength, lung capacity), anaerobic power (peak power, average power), graded exercise test (maximum heart rate, running time, VO2max, lactic acid), isokinetic strength (trunk strength), and 1RM (bench press, dead-lift, squat, shoulder press, leg curl, bicep curl, cable triceps extension) of nine national cross-country skiers (male: 5, female: 4) were measured. All analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, Kruskal-Wallis H tests were applied to observe the changes by training methods. Mann-Whitney U tests were used as Post Hoc. RESULTS The results indicated that running time and VO2max post-test improved compared to that for the pre-test for graded exercise test. The lumbar extension strength of the post-test was higher than that for pre-test. There was no significant difference in other variables. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that nonlinear periodization strength training can be expected to improve running time, VO2max, and trunk strength for cross-country athletes; however, it does not affect the overall changes.
{"title":"The Effect of Non-linear Periodization Strength Training on Basic and Professional Fitness of National Cross-country Skiers","authors":"B. Sung, Ye-Hun Im, Kwangkyu Lee","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.320","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of non-linear periodization strength training on basic and professional fitness of national cross-country skiers.METHODS The body composition (height, weight, BMI, body fat %), basic physical strength (grip strength, lung capacity), anaerobic power (peak power, average power), graded exercise test (maximum heart rate, running time, VO2max, lactic acid), isokinetic strength (trunk strength), and 1RM (bench press, dead-lift, squat, shoulder press, leg curl, bicep curl, cable triceps extension) of nine national cross-country skiers (male: 5, female: 4) were measured. All analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, Kruskal-Wallis H tests were applied to observe the changes by training methods. Mann-Whitney U tests were used as Post Hoc. RESULTS The results indicated that running time and VO2max post-test improved compared to that for the pre-test for graded exercise test. The lumbar extension strength of the post-test was higher than that for pre-test. There was no significant difference in other variables. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that nonlinear periodization strength training can be expected to improve running time, VO2max, and trunk strength for cross-country athletes; however, it does not affect the overall changes.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91088239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.429
Hyung-Seon Joo
PURPOSE Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for home training, with exercises or workouts at home, has steadily increased. As a result, the popularity of home training YouTube content, which shows how to use exercise equipment or workouts without professional influence, has also increased. Therefore, this study focused on the characteristics of YouTube home training content (specialization, diversity, and interaction), personal health awareness, exercise awareness, and expectation-confirmation model to identify which required exercise continuation intention through YouTube home training. METHODS SPSS and AMOS software were used to conduct frequency, reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as to conduct correlation analysis and construct a structural equation model.RESULTS First, health and exercise awareness had a positive effect on confirmation. Second, among the characteristics of home training content, only specialization had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Third, confirmation had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and viewing satisfaction, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on viewing satisfaction and exercise continuation intention, and viewing satisfaction had a positive effect on exercise continuation intention, which proved the expectation-confirmation model in this study. CONCLUSIONS To increase exercise continuation intention through home training YouTube content, creators need to produce professional content that can stimulate viewers' internal motivation.
{"title":"The Effects of YouTube Home Training Content Characteristics, Personal Health Awareness, and Exercise Awareness on Intention to Exercise Continuous Intention Using the Expectation-Confirmation Model","authors":"Hyung-Seon Joo","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.429","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for home training, with exercises or workouts at home, has steadily increased. As a result, the popularity of home training YouTube content, which shows how to use exercise equipment or workouts without professional influence, has also increased. Therefore, this study focused on the characteristics of YouTube home training content (specialization, diversity, and interaction), personal health awareness, exercise awareness, and expectation-confirmation model to identify which required exercise continuation intention through YouTube home training. METHODS SPSS and AMOS software were used to conduct frequency, reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as to conduct correlation analysis and construct a structural equation model.RESULTS First, health and exercise awareness had a positive effect on confirmation. Second, among the characteristics of home training content, only specialization had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Third, confirmation had a positive effect on perceived usefulness and viewing satisfaction, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on viewing satisfaction and exercise continuation intention, and viewing satisfaction had a positive effect on exercise continuation intention, which proved the expectation-confirmation model in this study. CONCLUSIONS To increase exercise continuation intention through home training YouTube content, creators need to produce professional content that can stimulate viewers' internal motivation.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74485793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.359
Sungmin Kim, J. Moon
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the dynamic posture stabilization and kinematic variables between visual feedback and Y-balance training groups during jump-landing. METHODS Thirty-eight male players (age: 22.6 ± 1.12 years, height: 175 ± 3.54 cm, weight: 65.5 ± 5.11 kg) were included in this study, and chronic ankle instability was checked using Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). They were randomly assigned to the Visual biofeedback (Training group: TG, n = 19) and Y-balance groups (Control group: CG, n = 19) for four weeks. TG performed balance training using the Biodex balance system (BBS) and CG performed training using the Y-balance system. During jump landing, time to stabilization (TTS), force plate (COP, GRF); joint angle and moment were collected and analyzed. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0, and Bonferroni was used for repeated measured ANOVA and post-hoc. RESULTS The results indicated that there was an interaction between TG and CG in terms of AP and ML directions of TTS (p < 0.05). AP/ML TTS of the TG for the post-test was smaller than that for CG (AP: p = 0.000; ML: p = 0.046). ML TTS of the TG for post-test was smaller than at pre-test (p = 0.041), and AP TTS of the CG for ankle joint moment (p < 0.05). There was an interaction between TG and CG in terms of dorsiflexion (DF) and plantarflexion (PF) of joint moment (p < 0.05). Ankle moment of the CG for post-test decreased than at pre-test (DF: p = 0.040, PF: p = 0.032), and ankle dorsiflexion moment of the CG for post-test was decreased than at pre-test (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Balance ability was achieved more effectively through visual biofeedback training than Y-balance training. Therefore, we recommend balanced training with visual feedback on chronic ankle instability.
目的分析视觉反馈组和y -平衡训练组在起跳过程中的动态姿态稳定性和运动学变量。方法选取38名年龄22.6±1.12岁，身高175±3.54 cm，体重65.5±5.11 kg的男性运动员，采用Cumberland ankle instability Tool (CAIT)和Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)检查慢性踝关节不稳定性。随机分为视觉生物反馈组(训练组:TG, n = 19)和y -平衡组(对照组:CG, n = 19)，为期四周。TG使用Biodex平衡系统(BBS)进行平衡训练，CG使用Y-balance系统进行训练。起降时稳定时间(TTS)、力板(COP、GRF);对关节角和弯矩进行了采集和分析。所有分析均使用SPSS 21.0进行，并使用Bonferroni进行重复测量方差分析和事后分析。结果TG与CG在TTS的AP和ML方向上存在相互作用(p < 0.05)。后测TG的AP/ML TTS小于CG (AP: p = 0.000;ML: p = 0.046)。后测TG的ML TTS小于前测(p = 0.041)，踝关节力矩TG的AP TTS小于前测(p < 0.05)。TG和CG在关节力矩背屈(DF)和跖屈(PF)方面存在交互作用(p < 0.05)。后测踝关节力矩较前测降低(DF: p = 0.040, PF: p = 0.032)，后测踝关节背屈力矩较前测降低(p = 0.046)。结论视觉生物反馈训练比Y-balance训练更能有效提高平衡能力。因此，我们建议对慢性踝关节不稳定进行视觉反馈的平衡训练。
{"title":"The Effect of Visual Biofeedback Balance Training on Time to Stabilization and Kinetic Variables in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability","authors":"Sungmin Kim, J. Moon","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.359","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the dynamic posture stabilization and kinematic variables between visual feedback and Y-balance training groups during jump-landing. METHODS Thirty-eight male players (age: 22.6 ± 1.12 years, height: 175 ± 3.54 cm, weight: 65.5 ± 5.11 kg) were included in this study, and chronic ankle instability was checked using Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). They were randomly assigned to the Visual biofeedback (Training group: TG, n = 19) and Y-balance groups (Control group: CG, n = 19) for four weeks. TG performed balance training using the Biodex balance system (BBS) and CG performed training using the Y-balance system. During jump landing, time to stabilization (TTS), force plate (COP, GRF); joint angle and moment were collected and analyzed. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0, and Bonferroni was used for repeated measured ANOVA and post-hoc. RESULTS The results indicated that there was an interaction between TG and CG in terms of AP and ML directions of TTS (p < 0.05). AP/ML TTS of the TG for the post-test was smaller than that for CG (AP: p = 0.000; ML: p = 0.046). ML TTS of the TG for post-test was smaller than at pre-test (p = 0.041), and AP TTS of the CG for ankle joint moment (p < 0.05). There was an interaction between TG and CG in terms of dorsiflexion (DF) and plantarflexion (PF) of joint moment (p < 0.05). Ankle moment of the CG for post-test decreased than at pre-test (DF: p = 0.040, PF: p = 0.032), and ankle dorsiflexion moment of the CG for post-test was decreased than at pre-test (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Balance ability was achieved more effectively through visual biofeedback training than Y-balance training. Therefore, we recommend balanced training with visual feedback on chronic ankle instability.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91437406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.489
Jeehoon Sohn, Jong-Hsiang Yang
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the sport biomechanics questions in the ‘Secondary Physical Education Teacher Recruitment 1st Exams’ and find the orientation for future exams. METHODS Twenty-one sports biomechanics questions (49 detailed questions) in the last 7 years (2016-2022) were classified into four types (evaluation content factors, classification of educational goal, sports application or not, classroom connection, and including calculation) and analyzed. RESULTS The recruitment exams had the following characteristics. First, only approximately 22.4% of the questions were related to the secondary physical educational field. Second, only 34% were sports-applied questions. In addition, according to Bloom's classification of educational evaluation, 36.7% of knowledge-level questions, 40.8% comprehension-level questions, and 22.4% application-level questions were accounted for. Finally, the questions tended to be considerably biased towards specific items (kinetics and kinematics understanding and application of linear and angular motion). CONCLUSIONS Sport biomechanics questions in the ‘Secondary Physical Education Teacher Recruitment 1st Exams’ should be based on questions that are likely to occur in the field of secondary physical education, to occur in real sports situations, and to be asked by students. Additionally, rather than asking for simple knowledge or comprehension, the proportion of questions in the application level should be increased.
{"title":"Analysis of Secondary Physical Education Teacher Recruitment Examination: Focused on Sport Biomechanics Questions from 2016 through 2022","authors":"Jeehoon Sohn, Jong-Hsiang Yang","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.489","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the sport biomechanics questions in the ‘Secondary Physical Education Teacher Recruitment 1st Exams’ and find the orientation for future exams. METHODS Twenty-one sports biomechanics questions (49 detailed questions) in the last 7 years (2016-2022) were classified into four types (evaluation content factors, classification of educational goal, sports application or not, classroom connection, and including calculation) and analyzed. RESULTS The recruitment exams had the following characteristics. First, only approximately 22.4% of the questions were related to the secondary physical educational field. Second, only 34% were sports-applied questions. In addition, according to Bloom's classification of educational evaluation, 36.7% of knowledge-level questions, 40.8% comprehension-level questions, and 22.4% application-level questions were accounted for. Finally, the questions tended to be considerably biased towards specific items (kinetics and kinematics understanding and application of linear and angular motion). CONCLUSIONS Sport biomechanics questions in the ‘Secondary Physical Education Teacher Recruitment 1st Exams’ should be based on questions that are likely to occur in the field of secondary physical education, to occur in real sports situations, and to be asked by students. Additionally, rather than asking for simple knowledge or comprehension, the proportion of questions in the application level should be increased.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85264816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.479
Jeewoo Koo, E. Hong
PURPOSE This study presents policy proposals based on literature review and document analysis in relation to sport concussion. METHODS Online documents were collected from sports organizations of the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea that either supervise sports concussion management policies or govern specific sports at different levels. RESULTS The results and implications of the study were as follows. First, safety education on sports concussion should be strengthened quantitatively and qualitatively, be required by all sports stakeholders, and will need to be executed by utilizing new technology platforms. Second, sports governing bodies must present a concussion safety policy tailored to each sport by distinguishing between youth and professional sports. Finally, discussions regarding the legalization of domestic sports concussion safety policies should take place in a timely manner. CONCLUSIONS These precautionary approaches would contribute to raising awareness on concussions in sports and help build a safer environment for sports.
{"title":"Policy Proposals based on the Review of Sports Concussion for Safety in Sports","authors":"Jeewoo Koo, E. Hong","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.479","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This study presents policy proposals based on literature review and document analysis in relation to sport concussion. METHODS Online documents were collected from sports organizations of the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea that either supervise sports concussion management policies or govern specific sports at different levels. RESULTS The results and implications of the study were as follows. First, safety education on sports concussion should be strengthened quantitatively and qualitatively, be required by all sports stakeholders, and will need to be executed by utilizing new technology platforms. Second, sports governing bodies must present a concussion safety policy tailored to each sport by distinguishing between youth and professional sports. Finally, discussions regarding the legalization of domestic sports concussion safety policies should take place in a timely manner. CONCLUSIONS These precautionary approaches would contribute to raising awareness on concussions in sports and help build a safer environment for sports.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87579366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.511
Jin-Seok Lee, Ji-Eung Kim, S. Im
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the difference between scores and loss of world-class fencing sabre players. METHODS A total of 78 match videos and 1969 points of international competition over 3 years were analyzed for the nine major competitors of the national fencing team (Males = 5, Females = 4). The characteristics of each skill, body section and location according to the score were analyzed by dividing them into male and female groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0. RESULTS First, in the situation analysis according to the men's sabre score, attack skills were the most common in the winning situation (447 points, 73%) and in the situation of losing points (389 points, 72%); however, the difference was not significant. In the analysis of the piste location according to the score, B4 was the most common appearing 254 times (41.5%) in the scoring situation and A4, 243 (45%) times in the losing situation, with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Second, in the situation analysis according to the women’s sabre score, 315 attacks (70.6%) were found in the winning situation and 277 (74.7%) in the losing situation; however, the difference was not significant. In the analysis of the scoring body part, the Sixte area scored the highest with 121 points (27.1%), and the arm area lost the most points with 105 points (28.3%); however, the difference was not significant. In the analysis of the piste location according to the score, A4 was the most common in, appearing 179 times (40.1%) in the scoring situation, and 182 times (48.8%) in the losing situation, with no significant difference at the p < 0.001 level. CONCLUSIONS In the men's game, there were many scored points in B4 and many lost points in A4. In the women's game, there were many scored points and lost points in A4; therefore, the difference in goals and losses according to the piste position was confirmed. These results suggest that it is possible to infer the game management patterns of world sabre players and the flow of world fencing.
{"title":"Analysis of Difference between Fencing Sabre's Score and Loss : Focusing on National Athletes Participated in the Tokyo Olympics 2020","authors":"Jin-Seok Lee, Ji-Eung Kim, S. Im","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.511","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the difference between scores and loss of world-class fencing sabre players. METHODS A total of 78 match videos and 1969 points of international competition over 3 years were analyzed for the nine major competitors of the national fencing team (Males = 5, Females = 4). The characteristics of each skill, body section and location according to the score were analyzed by dividing them into male and female groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0. RESULTS First, in the situation analysis according to the men's sabre score, attack skills were the most common in the winning situation (447 points, 73%) and in the situation of losing points (389 points, 72%); however, the difference was not significant. In the analysis of the piste location according to the score, B4 was the most common appearing 254 times (41.5%) in the scoring situation and A4, 243 (45%) times in the losing situation, with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Second, in the situation analysis according to the women’s sabre score, 315 attacks (70.6%) were found in the winning situation and 277 (74.7%) in the losing situation; however, the difference was not significant. In the analysis of the scoring body part, the Sixte area scored the highest with 121 points (27.1%), and the arm area lost the most points with 105 points (28.3%); however, the difference was not significant. In the analysis of the piste location according to the score, A4 was the most common in, appearing 179 times (40.1%) in the scoring situation, and 182 times (48.8%) in the losing situation, with no significant difference at the p < 0.001 level. CONCLUSIONS In the men's game, there were many scored points in B4 and many lost points in A4. In the women's game, there were many scored points and lost points in A4; therefore, the difference in goals and losses according to the piste position was confirmed. These results suggest that it is possible to infer the game management patterns of world sabre players and the flow of world fencing.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83927627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.418
Kisung Kwon, Jeehyun Kang
PURPOSE Although sport and graffiti often collaborate in various forms and sectors, research on this phenomenon is insufficient. Therefore, this exploratory study analyzed the role of sport in line with the diffusion of graffiti in Korea.METHODS Qualitative research method was applied for data collection and analysis. Specifically, systematic literature review, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and written interviews were used for data collection. Subsequently, content analysis, categorization, and itemization were performed. RESULTS International sporting events had an impact on the diffusion process of graffiti. Additionally, graffiti was used as a promotional content for sporting events and sport brands, and specific sport content were used as the medium for street art works, including graffiti. Furthermore, graffiti was used as a promotional content for marketing activities in collaboration with a professional sports team by general corporations.CONCLUSIONS As graffiti becomes one of the major cultures from a subculture, it is expected to increase public interest in all sports and not just in specific sports through collaboration with graffiti.
{"title":"Analysis of the Role of Sport in the Changing Status of Graffiti","authors":"Kisung Kwon, Jeehyun Kang","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.418","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE Although sport and graffiti often collaborate in various forms and sectors, research on this phenomenon is insufficient. Therefore, this exploratory study analyzed the role of sport in line with the diffusion of graffiti in Korea.METHODS Qualitative research method was applied for data collection and analysis. Specifically, systematic literature review, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and written interviews were used for data collection. Subsequently, content analysis, categorization, and itemization were performed. RESULTS International sporting events had an impact on the diffusion process of graffiti. Additionally, graffiti was used as a promotional content for sporting events and sport brands, and specific sport content were used as the medium for street art works, including graffiti. Furthermore, graffiti was used as a promotional content for marketing activities in collaboration with a professional sports team by general corporations.CONCLUSIONS As graffiti becomes one of the major cultures from a subculture, it is expected to increase public interest in all sports and not just in specific sports through collaboration with graffiti.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89172651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.451
Sanghak Lee, Yong J. Hyun, Byung-Keun Park, Kitae Kim, Ye Yun Kwun
PURPOSE Neuromarketing measures and analyzes the unconscious response of consumer brain waves to marketing stimuli in real time. This study examined how a sensational scene (accident) in a sport game influences the sponsorship effects through electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. METHODS The current study uses an experimental method. First, as an experimental stimulus, a video of F1 racing edited in a total of 9 min and 39 s was used, and an accident scene was inserted in the middle of the video. A total of 46 people participated in the experiment, and all participants watched the F1 video, including the accident scene. Participants' brain waves were observed in two prefrontal and two occipital lobes. The relationship between scene sensation and sponsorship effect was analyzed based on alpha waves and the sponsor brand recall measured by questionnaires. RESULTS First, the accident scene of the race caused the power of alpha wave to be abruptly reduced (i.e., alpha blocking). Second, the difference between the alpha power level of the group that recalled the sponsor brand and that of the group that did not recall was statistically insignificant; hence, the hypothesis was rejected. Third, the right-brain dominance (negative emotion) in the accident scene of the race was statistically insignificant; therefore, the hypothesis was rejected. Finally, the group that recalled the sponsor brand showed a left-brain dominance (positive emotion), which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the marketing communication and neuromarketing theories on the sponsorship effects created by stimulation, attention, and memory in a sport sponsorship setting, observing alpha blocking phenomena in a sensational scene (accidents). In addition, it was revealed that the group that watched the same accident scene relatively positively and exited remembered the sponsor brand better than the group that did not watch it. The result implied that sport fan’s personal trait (e.g., sensation seeking) to sensation in sponsorship activities affects the sponsorship effect. The results also emphasized the importance of selecting target customers of sports fans in sponsorship to maximize sponsorship effects.
{"title":"How a Sensational Event Influences Sponsorship Effects: Applying Neuromarketing","authors":"Sanghak Lee, Yong J. Hyun, Byung-Keun Park, Kitae Kim, Ye Yun Kwun","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.451","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE Neuromarketing measures and analyzes the unconscious response of consumer brain waves to marketing stimuli in real time. This study examined how a sensational scene (accident) in a sport game influences the sponsorship effects through electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. METHODS The current study uses an experimental method. First, as an experimental stimulus, a video of F1 racing edited in a total of 9 min and 39 s was used, and an accident scene was inserted in the middle of the video. A total of 46 people participated in the experiment, and all participants watched the F1 video, including the accident scene. Participants' brain waves were observed in two prefrontal and two occipital lobes. The relationship between scene sensation and sponsorship effect was analyzed based on alpha waves and the sponsor brand recall measured by questionnaires. RESULTS First, the accident scene of the race caused the power of alpha wave to be abruptly reduced (i.e., alpha blocking). Second, the difference between the alpha power level of the group that recalled the sponsor brand and that of the group that did not recall was statistically insignificant; hence, the hypothesis was rejected. Third, the right-brain dominance (negative emotion) in the accident scene of the race was statistically insignificant; therefore, the hypothesis was rejected. Finally, the group that recalled the sponsor brand showed a left-brain dominance (positive emotion), which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the marketing communication and neuromarketing theories on the sponsorship effects created by stimulation, attention, and memory in a sport sponsorship setting, observing alpha blocking phenomena in a sensational scene (accidents). In addition, it was revealed that the group that watched the same accident scene relatively positively and exited remembered the sponsor brand better than the group that did not watch it. The result implied that sport fan’s personal trait (e.g., sensation seeking) to sensation in sponsorship activities affects the sponsorship effect. The results also emphasized the importance of selecting target customers of sports fans in sponsorship to maximize sponsorship effects.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.340
Joo-In Yu, P. Liu, Tae-Beom Seo
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether foam roller, preexhaustion, and static stretching had any effect on isometric muscular endurance of the finger flexors and climbing performance in sport climbers. METHODS Nine sport climbers who were able to perform at a climbing difficulty of 5.11d, were included in this study. Warm-up exercise consisted of myofascial release, pre-exhaustion exercises, and static stretching. Grip and back strengths were measured for muscular strength, and isometric muscular endurance of the finger flexors was measured as the time spent hanging on each hold according to the angle of the elbow joint. Repeated measures of ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in treatment, and a significant difference between groups was confirmed by contrast test. RESULTS Myofascial release, pre-exhaustion, and static stretching before climbing did not affect muscle strength. However, the static stretching exercise significantly decreased isometric muscle endurance of the finger flexor at 90° open hold, and the pre-exhaustion exercise significantly decreased the hanging time at 180° crimp and slope grips. There was no effect on climbing performance according to the type of warm-up exercise. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that various warm-up exercises did not directly affect muscle strength, muscular endurance, and climbing performance in sport climbers. Thus, we suggest that future research on complex warm-up exercises considering climbing postures should be conducted.
{"title":"Acute Effect of Different Warm-up Methods on Isometric Muscle Endurance of the Finger Flexors and Climbing Performance in Sport Climbers","authors":"Joo-In Yu, P. Liu, Tae-Beom Seo","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.340","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether foam roller, preexhaustion, and static stretching had any effect on isometric muscular endurance of the finger flexors and climbing performance in sport climbers. METHODS Nine sport climbers who were able to perform at a climbing difficulty of 5.11d, were included in this study. Warm-up exercise consisted of myofascial release, pre-exhaustion exercises, and static stretching. Grip and back strengths were measured for muscular strength, and isometric muscular endurance of the finger flexors was measured as the time spent hanging on each hold according to the angle of the elbow joint. Repeated measures of ANOVA were performed to confirm the difference in treatment, and a significant difference between groups was confirmed by contrast test. RESULTS Myofascial release, pre-exhaustion, and static stretching before climbing did not affect muscle strength. However, the static stretching exercise significantly decreased isometric muscle endurance of the finger flexor at 90° open hold, and the pre-exhaustion exercise significantly decreased the hanging time at 180° crimp and slope grips. There was no effect on climbing performance according to the type of warm-up exercise. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that various warm-up exercises did not directly affect muscle strength, muscular endurance, and climbing performance in sport climbers. Thus, we suggest that future research on complex warm-up exercises considering climbing postures should be conducted.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86165886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.279
E. Choi
PURPOSE Sport pedagogy (SP) has established itself as a subdiscipline in Human Movement Studies since the 1970s. It has become an academic labyrinth as a result of its rapid flourishing. Most researchers are extremely confused about this disorderly research complex. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of SP in stages in the western (mostly English speaking) countries. METHODS Analysis of literature published in English from 1990 to 2022. RESULTS The developmental versions were divided as follows: SP1.0 is positivistic in nature, SP2.0 is multi-paradigmatic as it includes all paradigms, and SP3.0 (current version). Many academic journals have been launched, and a variety of books on divergent topics are being published. Currently, research has exploded. In SP3.0, research performed by British scholars are notable in terms of number and quality, overpowering those by scholars in the USA and other countries. Youth sport and sport coaching are regarded as new legitimate areas. Additionally, signs for SP4.0 have been indicated. CONCLUSIONS In order to find way outs in the SP labyrinth, it is necessary to recognize the current research trends in international SP.
{"title":"Lost in Sport Pedagogy Research?: Navigating and Finding Possible Way Outs in Western Sport Pedagogy 3.0 Labyrinth","authors":"E. Choi","doi":"10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.279","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE Sport pedagogy (SP) has established itself as a subdiscipline in Human Movement Studies since the 1970s. It has become an academic labyrinth as a result of its rapid flourishing. Most researchers are extremely confused about this disorderly research complex. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of SP in stages in the western (mostly English speaking) countries. METHODS Analysis of literature published in English from 1990 to 2022. RESULTS The developmental versions were divided as follows: SP1.0 is positivistic in nature, SP2.0 is multi-paradigmatic as it includes all paradigms, and SP3.0 (current version). Many academic journals have been launched, and a variety of books on divergent topics are being published. Currently, research has exploded. In SP3.0, research performed by British scholars are notable in terms of number and quality, overpowering those by scholars in the USA and other countries. Youth sport and sport coaching are regarded as new legitimate areas. Additionally, signs for SP4.0 have been indicated. CONCLUSIONS In order to find way outs in the SP labyrinth, it is necessary to recognize the current research trends in international SP.","PeriodicalId":17892,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84365272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：