Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.1201/9781315165141-10
J. Allday
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{"title":"Mass, Energy and Dust","authors":"J. Allday","doi":"10.1201/9781315165141-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315165141-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":179016,"journal":{"name":"Space-time","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116350778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.1201/9781315165141-11
J. Allday
In 2015, a huge scientific collaboration called LIGO discovered gravitational waves. Gravitational waves are huge ripples in spacetime that occur as a result of astrophysical events, like collisions between massive things in outer space. In 2015, the LIGO scientists found a signal that came from two black holes merging. This was huge scientific news, and resulted in the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for Rai Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish.
{"title":"Black Holes","authors":"J. Allday","doi":"10.1201/9781315165141-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315165141-11","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, a huge scientific collaboration called LIGO discovered gravitational waves. Gravitational waves are huge ripples in spacetime that occur as a result of astrophysical events, like collisions between massive things in outer space. In 2015, the LIGO scientists found a signal that came from two black holes merging. This was huge scientific news, and resulted in the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for Rai Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish.","PeriodicalId":179016,"journal":{"name":"Space-time","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G L, where L is a 4-form called Lagrange density. In electrodynamics, it is given by L := − 2 dA ∧ ? dA + A ∧ J. Now consider an infinitesimal variation of the electromagnetic field byA→ A+ Q, where Q is a 1-form and where 0 < 1 is small. The principle of least action tells us that S does not change to lowest order in , provided that Q vanishes on the boundary ∂G. (a) Show that the stationarity of S leads us to the condition (2P) ∫
G L，其中L是4形式的拉格朗日密度。在电动力学中，它由L:=−2 dA∧?dA + A∧J.现在考虑A→A+ Q对电磁场的无穷小变化，其中Q是1形式，且0 < 1很小。最小作用原理告诉我们，如果Q在边界∂G上消失，S不会改变到最低阶。(a)证明S的平稳性使我们得到条件(2P)∫
{"title":"The Theory of General Relativity","authors":"J. Allday","doi":"10.1201/9781315165141-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315165141-8","url":null,"abstract":"G L, where L is a 4-form called Lagrange density. In electrodynamics, it is given by L := − 2 dA ∧ ? dA + A ∧ J. Now consider an infinitesimal variation of the electromagnetic field byA→ A+ Q, where Q is a 1-form and where 0 < 1 is small. The principle of least action tells us that S does not change to lowest order in , provided that Q vanishes on the boundary ∂G. (a) Show that the stationarity of S leads us to the condition (2P) ∫","PeriodicalId":179016,"journal":{"name":"Space-time","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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