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2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing最新文献

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Towards a Better Cache Utilization Using Controlled Cache Partitioning 通过控制缓存分区实现更好的缓存利用率
Prateek D. Halwe, Shirshendu Das, H. Kapoor
Many multi-core processors nowadays employ a shared Last Level Cache (LLC). Partitioning LLC becomes more important as LLC is shared among the cores. Past research has demonstrated that the traditional least recently used (LRU) based partitioning cum replacement policy has adverse effects on parameters like instruction per cycle (IPC), miss rate and speedup. This leads to poor performance in an environment when multiple cores compete for one global LLC. Applications, enjoying locality of reference are purely benefited by LRU, however LRU fails for the applications showing working set size (WSS) large than the LLC size. In this work, we propose a scheme which allows cores to steal/donate their lines upto a threshold and give them a chance to adjust their partition when there is a miss. Instead of maintaining strict target partitioning, we introduce a flexible threshold window. Our evaluation with multiprogrammed workloads shows significant performance improvement.
现在许多多核处理器采用共享的最后一级缓存(LLC)。分区LLC变得更加重要,因为LLC是在内核之间共享的。过去的研究表明,传统的基于LRU (least recently used)的分区和替换策略对指令周期(IPC)、缺失率和加速等参数有不利影响。当多个核心竞争一个全局LLC时,这会导致环境中的性能较差。享受局域引用的应用程序纯粹受益于LRU,但是LRU对于显示工作集大小(WSS)大于LLC大小的应用程序失败。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种方案,该方案允许内核在阈值范围内窃取/捐赠它们的线路,并在出现遗漏时给它们一个调整分区的机会,而不是保持严格的目标分区,我们引入了一个灵活的阈值窗口。我们对多程序工作负载的评估显示了显著的性能改进。
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引用次数: 5
High Quality with Low-Cost H.264/AVC Interframe Mode Decision Algorithm for Wireless Network 高质量、低成本的无线网络H.264/AVC帧间模式决策算法
Peicheng Wang, Yinbo Liu, Xingang Liu
In order to apply high quality video communication in the mobile device with limited power and communication bandwidth, especially in wireless communication, an efficient solution for video communication should be proposed. So, the latest video coding standard, H.264/AVC, is used for Video Codec in mobile terminals. However, the H.264/AVC standard is much more complex than previous video coding standards because of utilizing improved inter and intra predication modes. In order to use the Video Codec in mobile devices, a high quality with low-cost interframe mode decision algorithm based on reducing redundant candidate modes and reducing reference frames for each block type by using coded macroblock (MB) information is proposed in this paper. From the results of our experiments, on average, our proposed algorithm can reduce 70.28% encoding time and decrease 0.97% bit rate (BR) with little quality loss.
为了在功率和通信带宽有限的移动设备,特别是无线通信中实现高质量的视频通信,需要提出一种高效的视频通信解决方案。因此,移动终端的视频编解码器采用了最新的视频编码标准H.264/AVC。然而,H.264/AVC标准比以前的视频编码标准要复杂得多,因为它利用了改进的帧间和帧内预测模式。为了在移动设备中使用视频编解码器,本文提出了一种基于减少冗余候选模式和利用编码宏块(MB)信息减少各块类型的参考帧的高质量、低成本帧间模式决策算法。从实验结果来看,我们提出的算法平均可以减少70.28%的编码时间和0.97%的比特率(BR),并且质量损失很小。
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引用次数: 1
Revisiting Behavior Amplification of NAND Flash-Based Storage Devices in Embedded Systems 嵌入式系统中基于NAND闪存的存储设备的重访行为放大
Sun Hui, X. Fang, C. Xie, Fei Wu
NAND Flash-based devices (e.g., Solid State Disks) emerge as popular storage devices with ultra-fast performance in embedded systems. Previously, write amplification (i.e., page program operation amplification), resulting from restriction operations (i.e., out-of-place update and erase-before-write operations) in NAND Flash, is an essential metric to evaluate excessive page program operations in NAND Flash space and write endurance of NAND Flash. However, overhead caused by read and erase operations is not taken into account by write amplification. This typical overhead gives rise to bad impacts on data reliability in NAND Flash space as long as scaling of NAND flash memory process technology. In this paper, we propose a new evaluation metric called Bamp to explore all behaviors amplification (i.e., read, program, and erase) in NAND Flash-based devices. We obtain the value of Bamp in the term of energy consumption when user data is written to devices. Given a write-dominated workload condition, there are also excessive read and erase operations besides extra program operations in storage devices of embedded systems. Therefore, write amplification cannot comprehensively evaluate amplification behaviors in NAND Flash-based devices based on given amounts of written data in workload. We employ a measurement system to obtain the values of Bamp for NAND Flash-based devices in the term of energy consumption under a workload condition. From experimental results, Bamp can provide comprehensive analysis overhead per user data written in a NAND Flash-based device in comparison to write amplification. In addition, using Bamp, we can apply a right NAND Flash-based device in embedded systems.
基于NAND闪存的设备(如固态磁盘)在嵌入式系统中以超快的性能成为流行的存储设备。以前,NAND闪存中由于限制操作(即错位更新和写前擦除操作)导致的写放大(即页程序操作放大)是评估NAND闪存空间中过多的页程序操作和NAND闪存的写持久性的重要指标。然而,读和擦除操作引起的开销没有考虑到写放大。只要扩展NAND闪存处理技术,这种典型的开销就会对NAND闪存空间中的数据可靠性产生不良影响。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的评估指标,称为Bamp,以探索基于NAND闪存的设备中的所有行为放大(即读取,编程和擦除)。当用户数据写入设备时,我们得到了能量消耗方面的Bamp值。在以写为主的工作负载条件下,嵌入式系统的存储设备中除了存在额外的程序操作外,还存在过多的读取和擦除操作。因此,写放大不能根据给定的工作负载写入数据量来全面评估基于NAND闪存的器件的放大行为。我们使用一个测量系统来获得基于NAND闪存的器件在工作负载条件下的能量消耗的Bamp值。从实验结果来看,与写入放大相比,Bamp可以提供在基于NAND闪存的设备中写入的每个用户数据的综合分析开销。此外,利用Bamp,我们可以在嵌入式系统中应用合适的基于NAND闪存的器件。
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引用次数: 1
Feedback Load Reduction Scheme for Opportunistic Multicast Scheduling in OFDM-Based Systems ofdm系统中机会组播调度的反馈减载方案
Mingming Li, Xiaoxiang Wang, Jia Zhou
This letter addresses the problem of feedback load reduction for opportunistic multicast scheduling (OMS) in OFDM-based systems. We investigate two scenarios, multicast service with large group size and multicast service with small group size, and derive two practical schemes respectively. The superiorities of the proposed schemes are: 1) no precise knowledge of the wireless fading channel is required, and 2) feedback load can be significantly reduced while the throughput performance remains comparable with the case of full feedback.
本文讨论了基于ofdm的系统中机会多播调度(OMS)的反馈负载减少问题。研究了群组规模较大的组播业务和群组规模较小的组播业务两种场景,并分别推导出两种实用方案。所提方案的优点是:1)不需要精确了解无线衰落信道;2)在吞吐量性能与全反馈情况相当的情况下,可以显著减少反馈负载。
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引用次数: 0
A Web Services Container Supporting QoS Hierarchical Control with Multiple Measurements for Utilization 一种支持QoS分层控制的Web服务容器,具有多种使用度量
Zhe Wang, Dian-fu Ma, Yongwang Zhao
In Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), web services container demands to support QoS (Quality of Service) hierarchical control to provide the optimization of utilization for web services container as well as a guarantee of the QoS requirements of the services. With the spreading of SOA and the improvement of research in web service, the optimization for web services container is changing from solely seeking high performance to balancing utilization on multiple levels. Therefore, web services container needs to support QoS hierarchical control based on different measurements of utilization. In order to support QoS hierarchical control with multiple measurements of utilization, a representation method of web service QoS hierarchical control is proposed, which represents different QoS hierarchical control strategies with different measurements for utilization by a single standard. Based on the representation method, we present a QoS hierarchical control mixed strategy, which can support QoS hierarchical control with multiple measurements for utilization. Using the QoS hierarchical control mixed strategy, we realize a web services container. The result of the test shows that the web services container realized can support QoS hierarchical control with different measurements for utilization. The utilization of the service container significantly improves when the mixed strategy measures utilization from multiple perspectives, add the performance of which is slightly better than that of other QoS hierarchical control strategies that measures utilization from a single perspective.
在面向服务的体系结构(Service- oriented Architecture, SOA)中,web服务容器要求支持QoS (Quality of Service)分层控制,为web服务容器的利用提供优化,同时保证服务的QoS要求。随着SOA的普及和web服务研究的不断深入,web服务容器的优化正从单纯追求高性能转向在多个层次上平衡利用率。因此,web服务容器需要支持基于不同利用率度量的QoS分层控制。为了支持具有多个利用率度量的QoS分层控制,提出了一种web服务QoS分层控制的表示方法,该方法将具有不同利用率度量的不同QoS分层控制策略表示为单一标准。在表示方法的基础上,提出了一种QoS分层控制混合策略,该策略可以支持QoS分层控制的多度量利用率。采用QoS分层控制混合策略,实现了一个web服务容器。测试结果表明,所实现的web服务容器能够支持QoS分层控制,并采用不同的利用率度量。当混合策略从多个角度度量利用率时,服务容器的利用率显著提高,并且其性能略好于从单个角度度量利用率的其他QoS分层控制策略。
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引用次数: 2
Profit-Based Caching for Information-centric Network 基于利润的信息中心网络缓存
Jie Duan, Xiong Wang, Sheng Wang, Shizhong Xu
In-network caching as one of the primary components for ICN (information-centric network) has attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, we present a profit-based caching for ICN. The profit value for the content arriving on a router is determined by request popularity, distance to content source, content size and content duration, etc. The content duration is considered as an important factor in methodology to avoid the error caused by storing the overdue contents, which is the main difference from existing caching scheme. A 0-1 ILP (integer linear programming) is used to formulate whether to cache the coming content or not and eviction objects simultaneously. Also, a near-optimal heuristic algorithm is proposed to find profit-efficient cache decision, which can be quickly deployed. The analytical and simulation results show our profit-based caching scheme can attain a better network profit compare to Least Frequently used (LFU), and totally avoids caching withdrawing contents.
网内缓存作为信息中心网络(ICN)的主要组成部分之一,越来越受到人们的关注。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于利润的ICN缓存。到达路由器的内容的利润值由请求流行度、到内容源的距离、内容大小和内容持续时间等因素决定。该方法将内容持续时间作为一个重要因素来考虑,以避免由于存储过期内容而导致的错误,这是与现有缓存方案的主要区别。使用0-1整数线性规划(ILP)来确定是否缓存即将到来的内容并同时删除对象。同时,提出了一种接近最优的启发式算法来寻找利润有效的缓存决策,该算法可以快速部署。分析和仿真结果表明,与LFU相比,基于利润的缓存方案可以获得更好的网络利润,并且完全避免了对提取内容的缓存。
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引用次数: 1
Combination of DM and OBDA for Ontology Generation from Relational Database 关系数据库本体生成中DM与OBDA的结合
Wenge Rong, Rifan Li, Hao Sheng, Y. Ouyang, Zhang Xiong
Nowadays a large amount of data on the web are stored in relational database (RDB). How to effectively map these data to ontology has become one of the most important challenges in semantic web. Several efforts have been conducted in this area and direct mapping (DM) is a notable one as the W3C candidate recommendation. Though DM has shown its effectiveness, it still faces a lot of challenges. Its performance in term of storage space and time complexity will become worse when RDBS is becoming big and updating frequently. Furthermore, it cannot satisfy monotonicity and semantics preservation at the same time. In this paper, inspired by the idea of ontology-based data access (OBDA), a mechanism is proposed where database is accessed via description logic (DL) ontology and a real TBox and mapping file will be generated accordingly. This method can achieve similar function compared to standard ontology like OWL. The experimental study has shown that it can provide better performance with regard to the storage space and ontology generation time. It has also shown its capability in supporting rapid query process. Different from the other methods which generate virtue RDF data, the proposed approach can also support adding rules, which will enhance the semantic expression ability of the knowledge base.
目前,网络上的大量数据都存储在关系数据库(RDB)中。如何有效地将这些数据映射到本体已经成为语义web的一个重要挑战。在这个领域已经进行了一些努力,直接映射(DM)是W3C候选推荐中值得注意的一个。DM虽已显示出其有效性,但仍面临诸多挑战。随着RDBS规模的扩大和更新的频繁,其在存储空间和时间复杂度方面的性能会越来越差。此外,它不能同时满足单调性和语义保持。本文受基于本体的数据访问(OBDA)思想的启发,提出了一种通过描述逻辑(DL)本体访问数据库并生成真实的TBox和映射文件的机制。该方法可以实现与OWL等标准本体相似的功能。实验研究表明,该方法在存储空间和本体生成时间方面具有较好的性能。它还显示了支持快速查询处理的能力。与其他生成美德RDF数据的方法不同,该方法还支持添加规则,增强了知识库的语义表达能力。
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引用次数: 1
The Research of Channel Reservation Strategy in LEO Satellite Network 低轨道卫星网络信道预留策略研究
Xiaolong Wang, Xiaoxiang Wang
Users will handover between spot-beam frequently when Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite moves round the earth, so proper channel reservation strategy should be applied to reduce call dropping probability. A channel status-based reservation strategy (CSRS) is proposed for multimedia LEO satellite network in this paper. Considering that the channel locking time is very long in the Guaranteed Handover (GH) algorithm, the proposed method sets reservation time adaptively for different users according to the status of cell so as to utilize the resource more effectively. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can reserve channel adaptively for different users and reduce handoff call dropping probability and new call blocking probability, while also improve resource utilization.
近地轨道卫星绕地球运行时,用户会频繁地在点波束之间切换,因此应采用适当的信道保留策略来降低掉话率。针对多媒体低轨卫星网络,提出了一种基于信道状态的预留策略。针对保证切换(GH)算法中信道锁定时间较长的问题,本文提出的方法根据小区的状态自适应地为不同用户设置预留时间,从而更有效地利用资源。仿真结果表明,该策略可以自适应地为不同用户预留信道,降低切换呼叫丢失概率和新呼叫阻塞概率,同时提高资源利用率。
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引用次数: 8
Performance Analyzing and Predicting of Network I/O in Xen System Xen系统网络I/O性能分析与预测
Jianhua Che, Wei-Min Yao, Shougang Ren, Haoyun Wang
The network I/O operations of a guest domain spend Domain0's processor resource as well as its own processor resource. If no control is placed on the network I/O operations of guest domains, Xen system will likely overload when executing network I/O-intensive workload. To resolve this problem, the allowable network I/O request number of Xen system should be firstly figured out. This paper illuminated the characteristic of Xen system in handling the network I/O operations of guest domains with two experimental results, and established several performance analyzing and predicting models by studying the network I/O procedure and the processor resource consumption distribution of Xen system. These models can compute the allowable number of guest domains with fixed network I/O request number or the allowable network I/O request number of each guest domain based on all idle processor resource of Xen system, and prevent Xen system from overloading. Finally, the applicability of these models is preliminarily analyzed.
客域的网络I/O操作消耗Domain0的处理器资源以及它自己的处理器资源。如果不控制客域的网络I/O操作,Xen系统在执行网络I/O密集型工作负载时可能会过载。要解决这个问题,首先要计算出Xen系统允许的网络I/O请求数。本文通过两个实验结果说明了Xen系统处理客域网络I/O操作的特点,并通过研究Xen系统的网络I/O过程和处理器资源消耗分布,建立了几种性能分析和预测模型。这些模型可以根据Xen系统的所有空闲处理器资源,计算出具有固定网络I/O请求数的允许的客域数或每个客域允许的网络I/O请求数,从而防止Xen系统过载。最后,对这些模型的适用性进行了初步分析。
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引用次数: 3
Research on the Relationship between the Effect of DPA and Differential Sample Frequency DPA效应与差分采样频率关系的研究
Ruicong Ma, Daheng Yue, Shaoqing Li, Jihua Chen
As present, Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attack sample the power consumption information of chips using an oscilloscope which sample frequency is much larger than system global clock speed. Through the simulation of the S-box circuit in Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and differential analysis of power consumption data, we find that, when reached an amount, the sample frequency's increasing has slight influence on the DPA. Yet when the sample frequency decreases, the cost data collected by the collection points tends to be random, which results in the correlation between the measurements of the power and the data being processed is not well revealed. Under the precondition of not impacting the effect of DPA, proper reduction in the sample frequency will not only compress the data but also increase the number of power trace. Thus the effect of the DPA is strengthened. Meanwhile, the cost of design the sampling system is reduced, which leaves more space for the improvement of the accuracy of the sampling system.
目前,差分功耗分析(DPA)是利用远高于系统全局时钟速度的示波器对芯片的功耗信息进行采样。通过对高级加密标准(Advanced Encryption Standard, AES)中s盒电路的仿真和功耗数据的差分分析,我们发现,当达到一定数量时,采样频率的增加对DPA的影响很小。然而,当采样频率降低时,采集点采集的成本数据趋于随机,导致功率测量值与被处理数据之间的相关性不能很好地显示出来。在不影响DPA效果的前提下,适当降低采样频率不仅会压缩数据,还会增加功率走线的数量。因此,DPA的作用得到了加强。同时,降低了采样系统的设计成本,为采样系统精度的提高留下了更大的空间。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing
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