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Teacher/pupil perspectives on computer-augmented physics lessons on measurement in kenyan secondary schools 教师/学生对肯尼亚中学计算机增强物理测量课的看法
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200086
J. Kiboss
The application of computers in Kenya is relatively uncommon, and the facilities and stage of professional and organisational development in Kenya appear to reflect this. This article describes the views of a group of pupils and their teacher regarding the impact of a computer-based instruction (CBI) programme that involved the collaborative learning of a physics course on measurement. Three secondary schools and a total of 118 pupils were studied in three classrooms, one class acting as a comparison. The same teacher taught the same physics content to all three classes using one of two teaching methods, namely: (1) the traditional mode and (2) the CBI mode. Selected students and their teacher were observed and interviewed. The qualitative data analysis methods of comparison and clustering were used to identify pattern and themes within the interview data. Results of the study indicate significant improvements in pupils' learning of physics as well as in the development of positive effects and/or socialisation skills. Accounts by the teacher, as well as those by the students, indicate a perception of the potential of CBI to enhance their learning of measurement concepts and methods. For instance, the study revealed that, apart from its positive influence on the pupils' classroom interaction patterns, the pupils in the treatment groups learned the concepts and methods better than their counterparts in the true control group. Furthermore, the experience influenced the teacher's belief about teaching using CBI to augment physics instruction.
计算机在肯尼亚的应用相对不常见,肯尼亚的专业和组织发展的设施和阶段似乎反映了这一点。这篇文章描述了一群学生和他们的老师对计算机教学(CBI)项目的影响的看法,该项目涉及物理测量课程的协作学习。三所中学共有118名学生在三个教室里接受了研究,其中一个班级作为比较。同一位老师用两种教学方法中的一种对三个班教授相同的物理内容,即:(1)传统模式和(2)CBI模式。对选定的学生和他们的老师进行观察和访谈。采用比较和聚类的定性数据分析方法来识别访谈数据中的模式和主题。研究结果表明,在学生的物理学习方面,以及在积极影响和/或社交技能的发展方面,有了显著的改善。教师和学生的描述表明,他们意识到CBI有可能增强他们对测量概念和方法的学习。例如,研究表明,除了对学生的课堂互动模式产生积极影响外,治疗组的学生比真正的对照组的学生更好地学习了概念和方法。此外,这一体验也影响了教师对运用CBI辅助物理教学的信念。
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引用次数: 31
Integrating Information and communications technology in professional practice: an analysis of teachers' needs based on a survey of primary and secondary teachers in scottish schools 在专业实践中整合信息和通信技术:基于对苏格兰中小学教师调查的教师需求分析
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200089
Dorothy A. Williams, Louisa Coles, A. Richardson, Kay Wilson, J. Tuson
Given current initiatives in the United Kingdom to encourage more effective use of information and communications technology (ICT) in teaching and learning, it is timely to examine teachers' ICT needs. A recent survey of Scottish primary and secondary teachers revealed relatively low levels of integration of ICT within professional practice. The study went on to examine the challenges as perceived by these teachers and their needs in terms of the development of ICT skills and knowledge. Three interrelated categories of needs are identified: access to ICT, training, and ongoing support. Access is not simply related to numbers of computers but also to effective management of ICT resources. Teachers' priorities for training still tend to fall into the category of technical skills although many of their concerns indicate a need for skills and knowledge relating to the application of ICT within a professional context. Improvements in access to ICT and training are only likely to be successful if the need for ongoing support is met. This appears to be the most complex area of needs, encompassing technical support, evaluation of resources, and organisational culture. Implications for future development are examined and the need for a more integrated approach to development at all levels is identified.
鉴于联合王国目前鼓励在教学中更有效地使用信息和通信技术(ICT)的举措,审查教师的ICT需求是及时的。最近对苏格兰中小学教师的一项调查显示,在专业实践中,信息通信技术的整合水平相对较低。该研究进一步调查了这些教师所面临的挑战以及他们在发展信息通信技术技能和知识方面的需求。确定了三类相互关联的需求:获取信息通信技术、培训和持续支持。获取不仅与计算机数量有关,还与信息和通信技术资源的有效管理有关。教师培训的重点仍然倾向于技术技能,尽管他们的许多关切表明需要在专业范围内应用信息和通信技术的技能和知识。只有满足持续支持的需要,在获取信息和通信技术和培训方面的改进才有可能取得成功。这似乎是最复杂的需求领域,包括技术支持、资源评估和组织文化。审查了对未来发展的影响,并确定了在所有各级对发展采取更综合办法的必要性。
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引用次数: 49
Information technology in secondary schools and its impact on training information technology teachers 中学信息技术及其对培养信息技术教师的影响
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200082
R. Crawford
Abstract There are concerns about the teaching and learning of information technology (IT) in English state secondary schools (ages 11-18 years), and the way IT resources and the curriculum are organised. These circumstances affect students who are training to be IT teachers when they are on teaching placement in secondary schools. They may find that the curriculum model used in one teaching placement school is very different from that used in another; contact with pupils may be too brief, causing difficulties with teacher-pupil relationships; different approaches to teaching and learning may be encountered; there may be difficulties with continuity and progression in the IT curriculum; and expected standards may not be consistent. Student teachers may be better qualified and have more practical experience of IT systems and resources than their subject mentors in schools. However, these may regard students as lacking in basic subject knowledge as the hardware and software in schools do not match students' previous experiences. Few of the above concerns are unique to Bachelor of Education and Postgraduate Certificate of Education courses in IT; however, they can be relatively more significant. Some helpful strategies are suggested.
人们关注的是英国公立中学(11-18岁)的信息技术(IT)教学,以及IT资源和课程的组织方式。这些情况会影响到在中学实习的资讯科技教师。他们可能会发现,一所教学安置学校使用的课程模式与另一所学校使用的课程模式非常不同;与学生的接触可能过于短暂,造成师生关系困难;可能会遇到不同的教与学方法;资讯科技课程的连续性和进展可能会有困难;预期的标准可能并不一致。学生教师可能比学校的学科导师更有资格,对IT系统和资源有更多的实践经验。然而,这些可能会认为学生缺乏基本的学科知识,因为学校的硬件和软件与学生以前的经验不匹配。资讯科技的教育学士学位课程和研究生教育证书课程所独有的问题很少;然而,它们可能相对更重要。提出了一些有用的策略。
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引用次数: 16
Information technology skills of Australian teachers: implications for teacher education 澳大利亚教师的信息技术技能:对教师教育的启示
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200087
Glenn Russell, G. Finger, N. Russell
Abstract The identification of teachers' information technology skills is a prerequisite for future professional development. This article reviews results of an Australian study involving 400 schools, which aimed at establishing baseline information about teachers' experience and skills in information technology. Although teachers agreed that information technology was important for their students, and for their own professional development, significant areas of deficit were identified. Teachers saw themselves as competent with basic computer skills, but were less confident with activities requiring advanced use of computers. In addition, teachers reported low levels of confidence in their knowledge of information technology developments, identified barriers to using technology in the classroom, and indicated preferences for future professional development that were not reflected in current practices. We argue in this article that teacher preparation in the use of information technology is presently characterised by the provision of lowlevel computer skills. In contrast, the complexities of life in the twenty-first century and demands for teacher competencies in learning technology will require a paradigm in which teachers routinely use advanced computer skills and embed the use of information technology across all aspects of the school curriculum. Approaches are proposed to assist teacher educators in this task.
教师信息技术技能的识别是未来专业发展的前提。本文回顾了一项涉及400所学校的澳大利亚研究的结果,该研究旨在建立有关教师在信息技术方面的经验和技能的基线信息。虽然教师们同意信息技术对他们的学生和他们自己的专业发展很重要,但他们也发现了明显的不足之处。教师认为自己具备基本的计算机技能,但对需要高级使用计算机的活动缺乏信心。此外,教师报告说,他们对信息技术发展知识的信心水平较低,发现了在课堂上使用技术的障碍,并指出了对未来专业发展的偏好,这些偏好没有反映在当前的实践中。我们在本文中认为,教师在使用信息技术方面的准备目前的特点是提供低水平的计算机技能。相比之下,21世纪生活的复杂性和对教师学习技术能力的要求将需要一种范式,在这种范式中,教师通常使用先进的计算机技能,并将信息技术的使用嵌入到学校课程的各个方面。本文提出了协助教师教育工作者完成这一任务的方法。
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引用次数: 64
Collaboration and virtual mentoring: building relationships between pre-service and in-service special education teachers 协作与虚拟辅导:建立职前与在职特殊教育教师之间的关系
Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200088
Janice Seabrooks, S. Kenney, M. Lamontagne
Abstract This study explored the benefits and limitations of mentoring through the Internet in two special education preparation programs in the United States. Nicenet Internet Classroom Assistant was used to facilitate this virtual mentoring process. Seventeen undergraduate and 13 graduate students from two universities participated. The graduate students were mentors to undergraduates who were in the beginning of their senior year of their special education program. Pre- and post-surveys, Internet interactions, and video conferencing were used to gather participants' perceptions of their skill development in teaching, mentoring and collaboration and the effectiveness of virtual mentoring. Content analyses and descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate their responses. Results revealed that participants agreed that virtual mentoring was a positive experience, it supported their intervention and teaming skills and had some positive effects on their communication and teaching skills. However, virtual mentoring did not appear to impact every characteristic or dimension of communication and teaching investigated by this study. Although the results from this study indicated that virtual mentoring is a viable process which benefits both pre-service and inservice special education teachers, it is apparent from this study that further research is required to gain a better understanding of the technology of virtual mentoring and its usefulness to other areas of education.
摘要本研究探讨了在美国的两个特殊教育准备项目中通过互联网进行辅导的好处和局限性。Nicenet Internet Classroom Assistant被用来促进这个虚拟指导过程。来自两所大学的17名本科生和13名研究生参与了研究。这些研究生是本科生的导师,这些本科生正进入他们特殊教育项目的最后一年。采用问卷调查前后、网络互动和视频会议的方式,收集被试对教学、辅导和协作技能发展的看法,以及虚拟辅导的有效性。采用内容分析和描述性统计来评价他们的反应。结果显示,参与者同意虚拟辅导是一种积极的体验,它支持他们的干预和团队技能,并对他们的沟通和教学技能有一定的积极影响。然而,虚拟辅导并未影响本研究所调查的交流与教学的每一个特征或维度。虽然本研究的结果表明,虚拟辅导是一个可行的过程,有利于职前和在职特殊教育教师,但从本研究中可以明显看出,需要进一步的研究来更好地了解虚拟辅导技术及其对其他教育领域的有用性。
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引用次数: 28
Computer skills of initial teacher education students 初级教师培养学生的计算机技能
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200075
M. Fisher
Abstract A constant challenge for teacher education lies in keeping courses up to date. This article provides a view of the current skills, attitudes, and perceptions regarding computer technology in the classroom from a preservice candidate perspective. The intent of this research is to help foster discussion about how to further develop pre-service educational technology courses that best meet the needs of a continuously evolving and changing student-teacher population in terms of computer technology skills. The primary instrument was a self-assessment survey of the skills, attitudes, and perceptions about utilizing computer technology in the classroom among firsttime students enrolled in introductory education courses at a large midwestern university in the USA in the fall semester of 1999. Surveys were administered to a total of 205 students. Questionnaires were given to preservice teachers during their initial courses rather than mailed to their homes, in an attempt to increase participation rates. Participants were categorized as being either a ‘Beginner’ or ‘Experienced User’ of computer technology, based on their responses to the skill section of the survey. The article includes an overview of the results and segments them as they pertain to three general issues: general attitudes with regards to teaching with computer technology, intended use of computers when beginning to teach, and perceived problems to be expected with computer technology when beginning to teach. Finally, an informal discussion regarding student expectations of future teacher training programs and the corresponding implications for school districts are presented from the free-response section of the questionnaire.
教师教育面临的一个持续的挑战是课程的与时俱进。这篇文章提供了当前的技能,态度和看法,从职前候选人的角度来看,在课堂上的计算机技术。本研究的目的是促进讨论如何进一步发展职前教育技术课程,以最好地满足不断发展和变化的学生-教师群体在计算机技术技能方面的需求。本研究的主要工具是1999年秋季学期在美国中西部一所大型大学进行的一项自我评估调查,调查对象是首次参加入门教育课程的学生,他们对在课堂上使用计算机技术的技能、态度和看法。总共对205名学生进行了调查。为了提高参与率,调查问卷是在职前教师的初始课程中发给他们的,而不是邮寄到他们家里。根据参与者对调查技能部分的回答,他们被分为计算机技术的“初学者”和“资深用户”。这篇文章包括对结果的概述,并将它们分为三个一般问题:关于使用计算机技术进行教学的一般态度,开始教学时对计算机的预期使用,以及开始教学时对计算机技术的预期问题。最后,问卷的自由回答部分提出了关于学生对未来教师培训计划的期望及其对学区的相应影响的非正式讨论。
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引用次数: 66
Influencing local computer technology policy via a K-12/University Collaboration 通过K-12/大学合作影响本地计算机技术政策
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200073
K. Dawson
Abstract This article discusses a district-wide study conducted in collaboration with local officials and researchers from a nearby university. The goals of the study were collaboratively derived by university and representatives of K-12 education (i.e. from kindergarten to completing compulsory education) and included: (1) determining how teachers in the district were using computers in instruction, (2) determining factors that influenced these uses and (3) developing a local policy agenda from the results of the study. Survey methodology was implemented using Dillman's (1978) Total Design Method and a 92% response rate was obtained. The study suggests that teachers are primarily using computers for drill and practice or as rewards for completing work, that teachers lack confidence in meeting many of the state technology standards and that teachers are not satisfied with the support they receive. The study also suggests that systemic teacher preparation efforts focused on developing teachers' instructional computer efficacy with multiple applications, coupled with efforts to improve districtwide support, may enable this district to facilitate effective instructional computer use. Local consequences and the broader significance of the study are discussed.
本文讨论了与当地官员和附近一所大学的研究人员合作进行的一项全区范围的研究。该研究的目标是由大学和K-12教育(即从幼儿园到完成义务教育)的代表共同制定的,包括:(1)确定该地区的教师如何在教学中使用计算机,(2)确定影响这些使用的因素,以及(3)根据研究结果制定当地政策议程。调查方法采用Dillman(1978)的总体设计方法,获得92%的回复率。该研究表明,教师主要使用计算机进行训练和练习,或作为完成工作的奖励,教师对达到许多国家技术标准缺乏信心,教师对他们得到的支持不满意。本研究亦建议,系统的教师准备工作应著重于发展教师在多种应用上的教学电脑效能,再加上改善全区支援的努力,可使该区促进有效的教学电脑使用。讨论了本研究的局部结果和更广泛的意义。
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引用次数: 6
A model for the effective management of information and communications technology development in schools derived from six contrasting case studies 一个有效管理学校信息和通信技术发展的模式,源自六个对比的案例研究
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200077
C. Kirkman
Abstract Currently in the United Kingdom there are several major initiatives to encourage the development of information and communications technology (ICT) in schools. However, in the past many significant educational innovations have resulted in disappointing outcomes and limited curriculum change. This article presents a three-phase model that offers guidance on how to facilitate effective curriculum change, particularly in the field of ICT. The model was derived from analysing six contrasting case studies of departmental ICT within a particular secondary school (ages 12-16 years). The article discusses the main issues identified within the case studies that led to the formulation of the model. ‘Issue trees’ were devised as a system for hierarchically grouping and presenting the factors that encouraged and discouraged ICT development across the various departments. Important aspects of the model include: gaining a firm innovative decision from a department, selling the pedagogic benefits of the innovation, the willingness of staff to undergo professional development (particularly pedagogic development), clear and positive communication channels that facilitate responsive management, and a methodical development cycle. The model has proved a useful tool for securing the effective integration of ICT into the curriculum, i.e. teachers effectively deliver appropriate ICT activities which have been adopted by the whole department and integrated into subject work schemes.
目前在英国有几个主要的举措来鼓励信息和通信技术(ICT)在学校的发展。然而,在过去,许多重大的教育创新导致了令人失望的结果和有限的课程变化。本文提出了一个三阶段模型,为如何促进有效的课程改革提供指导,特别是在ICT领域。该模型来源于对某一特定中学(12-16岁)部门信息通信技术的六个对比案例研究的分析。本文讨论了案例研究中确定的主要问题,这些问题导致了模型的形成。“问题树”被设计成一个系统,用于分层分组,并展示各个部门鼓励和阻碍信息通信技术发展的因素。该模式的重要方面包括:从部门获得坚定的创新决策,销售创新的教学效益,员工愿意接受专业发展(特别是教学发展),明确和积极的沟通渠道,促进响应性管理,以及有条理的发展周期。事实证明,该模式是确保资讯及通讯科技有效融入课程的有效工具,即教师有效地提供适当的资讯及通讯科技活动,这些活动已被全系采用,并纳入学科工作计划。
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引用次数: 31
Identifying teachers' internet training needs 识别教师的网络培训需求
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200079
J. Potter, Harvey Mellar
Abstract This article reports on a study to devise effective in-service training (INSET) to train teachers in the use of the Internet in the curriculum. A number of important themes for effective INSET were established from a survey of the literature. The practice of one INSET programme (for the Newham Internet Project) was examined in detail through questionnaires sent out to the project contact people in both primary and secondary schools and through follow-up interviews with a selection of the respondents. In relating the themes from the literature with the results of the study, four areas are identified that need to be addressed if INSET in this area is to be effective: (a) the institutional context, (b) the relationship between teachers' personal and professional use of information and communications technology, (c) the delivery methods and support mechanisms, and (d) curriculum integration, and training in curriculum leadership.
摘要本文报告了一项研究,旨在设计有效的在职培训(INSET)来培训教师在课程中使用互联网。通过对文献的调查,确定了有效INSET的一些重要主题。通过向小学和中学的项目联系人发送问卷以及通过对选定的应答者进行后续访谈,详细检查了INSET项目(纽汉互联网项目)的实践情况。在将文献中的主题与研究结果联系起来时,确定了四个需要解决的领域,如果要使INSET在这一领域有效:(a)制度背景,(b)教师个人和专业使用信息和通信技术之间的关系,(c)交付方法和支持机制,以及(d)课程整合和课程领导的培训。
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引用次数: 11
Technology in Teacher Education: examples of integration and implementation in early childhood courses 教师教育中的技术:幼儿课程整合与实施的例子
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/14759390000200080
Nicola Yelland, S. Grieshaber, J. Stokes
Abstract This article explores a number of ways in which information and communications technologies (ICT) have been incorporated and integrated in a teacher education program in order to extend opportunities for students to interact with ICT as part of their preparation for becoming early childhood professionals. It describes three examples where ICT have been utilised in different contexts to promote understanding of the implications of technologies in educational settings, to engage students with powerful conceptual ideas and as a means of communication between students on campus and those in remote areas. The examples reveal that both undergraduate and graduate students indicated that they were at a novice stage of use and understanding before embarking on the courses. In addition, the examples show that participation in the courses helped students to come to terms with computer technology as a device that could help them both to acquire new forms of knowledge as well as extend the possibilities for interactions with other early childhood professionals who were located in remote areas. The examples also highlighted the need for teacher educators to become aware of the variety of ways in which ICT can complement and extend teaching and learning contexts in new and dynamic ways rather than be used to perpetuate existing pedagogical strategies that need to be reconceptualized in the information age.
摘要本文探讨了将信息和通信技术(ICT)纳入教师教育计划的多种方式,以扩大学生与ICT互动的机会,作为他们成为幼儿专业人员的准备的一部分。它描述了三个例子,其中ICT在不同的背景下被用来促进对技术在教育环境中的影响的理解,以强大的概念思想吸引学生,并作为校园学生和偏远地区学生之间的沟通手段。这些例子表明,本科生和研究生都表示,在开始学习课程之前,他们处于使用和理解的新手阶段。此外,这些例子表明,参加这些课程有助于学生接受计算机技术作为一种设备,既可以帮助他们获得新形式的知识,又可以扩大与位于偏远地区的其他幼儿专业人员互动的可能性。这些例子还突出表明,教师教育工作者需要认识到信息和通信技术可以以新的和动态的方式补充和扩展教学和学习环境的各种方式,而不是用来延续需要在信息时代重新概念化的现有教学策略。
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引用次数: 17
期刊
Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education
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