Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249764
Marcelo M. Carvalho, J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves
This paper presents an analytical model to compute the average service time and jitter experienced by a packet when transmitted in a saturated IEEE 802.11 ad hoc network. In contrast to traditional work in the literature, in which a distribution is usually fitted or assumed, we use a bottom-up approach and build the first two moments of the service time based on the IEEE 802.11 binary exponential backoff algorithm and the events underneath its operation. Our model is general enough to be applied to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc network where the channel state probabilities driving a node's backoff operation are known. We apply our model to saturated single-hop ad hoc networks under ideal channel conditions. We validate our model through extensive simulations and conduct a performance evaluation of a node's average service time and jitter for both direct sequence and frequency-hopping spread spectrum physical layers.
{"title":"Delay analysis of IEEE 802.11 in single-hop networks","authors":"Marcelo M. Carvalho, J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical model to compute the average service time and jitter experienced by a packet when transmitted in a saturated IEEE 802.11 ad hoc network. In contrast to traditional work in the literature, in which a distribution is usually fitted or assumed, we use a bottom-up approach and build the first two moments of the service time based on the IEEE 802.11 binary exponential backoff algorithm and the events underneath its operation. Our model is general enough to be applied to any type of IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc network where the channel state probabilities driving a node's backoff operation are known. We apply our model to saturated single-hop ad hoc networks under ideal channel conditions. We validate our model through extensive simulations and conduct a performance evaluation of a node's average service time and jitter for both direct sequence and frequency-hopping spread spectrum physical layers.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122525164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249776
Abhishek Kumar, S. Merugu, Jun Xu, E. Zegura, Xingxing Yu
A number of distributed hash table (DHT)-based protocols have been proposed to address the issue of scalability in peer-to-peer networks. In this paper, we present Ulysses, a peer-to-peer network based on the butterfly topology that achieves the theoretical lower bound of (log n)/(log log n)on network diameter when the average routing table size at nodes is no more than log n. Compared to existing DHT-based schemes with similar routing table size, Ulysses reduces the network diameter by a factor of log log n. which is 2-4 for typical configurations. This translates into the same amount of reduction on query latency and average traffic per link/node. In addition, Ulysses maintains the same level of robustness in terms of routing in the face of faults and recovering from graceful/ungraceful joins and departures, as provided by existing DHT-based schemes. The performance of the protocol has been evaluated using both analysis and simulation.
{"title":"Ulysses: a robust, low-diameter, low-latency peer-to-peer network","authors":"Abhishek Kumar, S. Merugu, Jun Xu, E. Zegura, Xingxing Yu","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249776","url":null,"abstract":"A number of distributed hash table (DHT)-based protocols have been proposed to address the issue of scalability in peer-to-peer networks. In this paper, we present Ulysses, a peer-to-peer network based on the butterfly topology that achieves the theoretical lower bound of (log n)/(log log n)on network diameter when the average routing table size at nodes is no more than log n. Compared to existing DHT-based schemes with similar routing table size, Ulysses reduces the network diameter by a factor of log log n. which is 2-4 for typical configurations. This translates into the same amount of reduction on query latency and average traffic per link/node. In addition, Ulysses maintains the same level of robustness in terms of routing in the face of faults and recovering from graceful/ungraceful joins and departures, as provided by existing DHT-based schemes. The performance of the protocol has been evaluated using both analysis and simulation.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130494472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249756
M. K. Bradshaw, A. Rosenberg, D. Towsley
In recent years there has been considerable research on new distributed hash tables (DHTs), improvements on existing DHTs, and DHT-enabled systems. However, little of it focuses on their differences [M. Castro et al., 2002]. To this purpose we introduce a simple modeling framework that allows us to mathematically model the search costs of most classes of DHTs. To illustrate the usefulness of this framework, we examine a class of DHTs, which includes tapestry and pastry, that we call dynamic PRR meshes (DPMs). In particular we examine how planned object duplication (POD) strategies affect the search costs of DPMs that employ them. We introduce 3 new DPMs that employ different POD strategies and compare them with the POD strategies that tapestry and pastry use. Through our model we discover cyclic behaviors in search costs over the number of nodes present in the DPM, the effects of variability in the underlying network and provide comparisons of the performance of all 5 DPMs.
近年来，人们对新的分布式散列表(dht)、对现有dht的改进以及支持dht的系统进行了大量研究。然而，它很少关注他们的差异[M]。Castro et al.， 2002]。为此，我们引入了一个简单的建模框架，它允许我们对大多数dht类的搜索成本进行数学建模。为了说明这个框架的有用性，我们研究一类dht，其中包括挂毯和糕点，我们称之为动态PRR网格(dpm)。我们特别研究了计划对象复制(POD)策略如何影响使用它们的dpm的搜索成本。我们介绍了3种采用不同POD策略的新dpm，并将它们与挂毯和糕点使用的POD策略进行了比较。通过我们的模型，我们发现了DPM中节点数量的搜索成本循环行为，底层网络中可变性的影响，并提供了所有5个DPM的性能比较。
{"title":"Planned object duplication strategies in dynamic PRR meshes","authors":"M. K. Bradshaw, A. Rosenberg, D. Towsley","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249756","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been considerable research on new distributed hash tables (DHTs), improvements on existing DHTs, and DHT-enabled systems. However, little of it focuses on their differences [M. Castro et al., 2002]. To this purpose we introduce a simple modeling framework that allows us to mathematically model the search costs of most classes of DHTs. To illustrate the usefulness of this framework, we examine a class of DHTs, which includes tapestry and pastry, that we call dynamic PRR meshes (DPMs). In particular we examine how planned object duplication (POD) strategies affect the search costs of DPMs that employ them. We introduce 3 new DPMs that employ different POD strategies and compare them with the POD strategies that tapestry and pastry use. Through our model we discover cyclic behaviors in search costs over the number of nodes present in the DPM, the effects of variability in the underlying network and provide comparisons of the performance of all 5 DPMs.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249761
Ningning Hu, P. Steenkiste
TCP slow start exponentially increases the congestion window size to detect the proper congestion window for a network path. This often results in significant packet loss, while breaking off slow start using a limited slow start threshold may lead to an overly conservative congestion window size. This problem is especially severe in high speed networks. In this paper we present a new TCP startup algorithm, called paced start, that incorporates an available bandwidth probing technique into the TCP startup algorithm. Paced start is based on the observation that when we view the TCP startup sequence as a sequence of packet trains, the difference between the data packet spacing and the acknowledgement spacing can yield valuable information about the available bandwidth. Slow start ignores this information, while paced start uses it to quickly estimate the proper congestion window for the path. For most flows. Paced Start transitions into congestion avoidance mode faster than Slow Start, has a significantly lower packet loss rate, and avoids the timeout that is often associated with slow start. This paper describes the paced start algorithm and uses simulation and real system experiments to characterize its properties.
{"title":"Improving TCP startup performance using active measurements: algorithm and evaluation","authors":"Ningning Hu, P. Steenkiste","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249761","url":null,"abstract":"TCP slow start exponentially increases the congestion window size to detect the proper congestion window for a network path. This often results in significant packet loss, while breaking off slow start using a limited slow start threshold may lead to an overly conservative congestion window size. This problem is especially severe in high speed networks. In this paper we present a new TCP startup algorithm, called paced start, that incorporates an available bandwidth probing technique into the TCP startup algorithm. Paced start is based on the observation that when we view the TCP startup sequence as a sequence of packet trains, the difference between the data packet spacing and the acknowledgement spacing can yield valuable information about the available bandwidth. Slow start ignores this information, while paced start uses it to quickly estimate the proper congestion window for the path. For most flows. Paced Start transitions into congestion avoidance mode faster than Slow Start, has a significantly lower packet loss rate, and avoids the timeout that is often associated with slow start. This paper describes the paced start algorithm and uses simulation and real system experiments to characterize its properties.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115975458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249769
Li Xiao, Jun Wang, K. Nahrstedt
In the internal border gateway protocol (IBGP), route reflection is widely used as an alternative to full mesh IBGP sessions inside an AS for scalability reason. However, some important issues, such as the impact of route reflection on the reliability of IBGP and the construction of reliable reflection topology with unreliable routers or links, have not been well investigated. This paper addresses the problem of finding reliable route reflection topologies for IBGP networks, which is of great importance to increase the robustness of IBGP operations. We first present a novel reliability model and two new metrics (IBGP expected lifetime and expected session loss) to evaluate the reliability of reflection topologies, and further to investigate the design problem. After studying the solvability conditions under the router capacity constraints, we prove the NP-hardness of the problem, and then design and implement three heuristic solutions using randomization techniques: heuristic selection, greedy search and simulated annealing. Our extensive computational experiments show that the reliability of IBGP reflection network can be significantly improved by our solutions.
{"title":"Reliability-aware IBGP route reflection topology design","authors":"Li Xiao, Jun Wang, K. Nahrstedt","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249769","url":null,"abstract":"In the internal border gateway protocol (IBGP), route reflection is widely used as an alternative to full mesh IBGP sessions inside an AS for scalability reason. However, some important issues, such as the impact of route reflection on the reliability of IBGP and the construction of reliable reflection topology with unreliable routers or links, have not been well investigated. This paper addresses the problem of finding reliable route reflection topologies for IBGP networks, which is of great importance to increase the robustness of IBGP operations. We first present a novel reliability model and two new metrics (IBGP expected lifetime and expected session loss) to evaluate the reliability of reflection topologies, and further to investigate the design problem. After studying the solvability conditions under the router capacity constraints, we prove the NP-hardness of the problem, and then design and implement three heuristic solutions using randomization techniques: heuristic selection, greedy search and simulated annealing. Our extensive computational experiments show that the reliability of IBGP reflection network can be significantly improved by our solutions.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126135764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249775
Ben Y. Zhao, Ling Huang, J. Stribling, A. Joseph, J. Kubiatowicz
Structured peer-to-peer overlays provide a natural infrastructure for resilient routing via efficient fault detection and precomputation of backup paths. These overlays can respond to faults in a few hundred milliseconds by rapidly shifting between alternate routes. In this paper, we present two adaptive mechanisms for structured overlays and illustrate their operation in the context of Tapestry, a fault-resilient overlay from Berkeley. We also describe a transparent, protocol-independent traffic redirection mechanism that tunnels legacy application traffic through overlays. Our measurements of a Tapestry prototype show it to be a highly responsive routing service, effective at circumventing a range of failures while incurring reasonable cost in maintenance bandwidth and additional routing latency.
{"title":"Exploiting routing redundancy via structured peer-to-peer overlays","authors":"Ben Y. Zhao, Ling Huang, J. Stribling, A. Joseph, J. Kubiatowicz","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249775","url":null,"abstract":"Structured peer-to-peer overlays provide a natural infrastructure for resilient routing via efficient fault detection and precomputation of backup paths. These overlays can respond to faults in a few hundred milliseconds by rapidly shifting between alternate routes. In this paper, we present two adaptive mechanisms for structured overlays and illustrate their operation in the context of Tapestry, a fault-resilient overlay from Berkeley. We also describe a transparent, protocol-independent traffic redirection mechanism that tunnels legacy application traffic through overlays. Our measurements of a Tapestry prototype show it to be a highly responsive routing service, effective at circumventing a range of failures while incurring reasonable cost in maintenance bandwidth and additional routing latency.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249766
Xiaohu Chen, M. Faloutsos, S. Krishnamurthy
Network wide broadcasting is an energy intensive function. In this paper we propose a new method that performs transmission power adaptations based on information available locally, to reduce the overall energy consumed per broadcast. In most of the prior work on energy efficient broadcasting it is assumed that the originator of the broadcast has global network information (both topology information as well as the geographical distance between nodes). This can be prohibitive in terms of the consumed overhead. In our protocol, each node attempts to tune its transmit power based on local information (of up to two hops from the transmitting node). We perform extensive simulations to evaluate our protocol. Our simulations take into account the possible loss of packets due to collision effects and the additional re-broadcasts that are necessary due to lower power transmissions. We show that our protocol achieves almost the same coverage as other non power-adaptive broadcast schemes hut with a reduction of approximately 40% in terms of the consumed power as compared to a scheme that does not adapt its power.
{"title":"Power adaptive broadcasting with local information in ad hoc networks","authors":"Xiaohu Chen, M. Faloutsos, S. Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249766","url":null,"abstract":"Network wide broadcasting is an energy intensive function. In this paper we propose a new method that performs transmission power adaptations based on information available locally, to reduce the overall energy consumed per broadcast. In most of the prior work on energy efficient broadcasting it is assumed that the originator of the broadcast has global network information (both topology information as well as the geographical distance between nodes). This can be prohibitive in terms of the consumed overhead. In our protocol, each node attempts to tune its transmit power based on local information (of up to two hops from the transmitting node). We perform extensive simulations to evaluate our protocol. Our simulations take into account the possible loss of packets due to collision effects and the additional re-broadcasts that are necessary due to lower power transmissions. We show that our protocol achieves almost the same coverage as other non power-adaptive broadcast schemes hut with a reduction of approximately 40% in terms of the consumed power as compared to a scheme that does not adapt its power.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132717334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-11-04DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249758
Yi Cui, Yuan Xue, K. Nahrstedt
The paper targets the problem of optimal resource allocation in overlay multicast, which poses both theoretical and practical challenges. Theoretically, resource allocation among overlay flows is not subject to the network capacity constraint but also the data constraint, mainly due to the dual role of end hosts as both receivers and senders. Practically, existing distributed resource allocation schemes assume the network links to be capable of measuring flow rates, calculating and communicating price signals, none of which actually exists in the Internet today. We address these challenges as follows. First, we formalize the problem using nonlinear optimization theory, which incorporates both network constraint and data constraint. Based on our theoretical framework, we propose a distributed algorithm, which is proved to converge to the optimal point, where the aggregate utility of all receivers is maximized. Second, we propose an end-host-based solution, which relies on the coordination of end hosts to accomplish tasks originally assigned to network links. our solution can be directly deployed without any changes to the existing network infrastructure.
{"title":"Optimal resource allocation in overlay multicast","authors":"Yi Cui, Yuan Xue, K. Nahrstedt","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249758","url":null,"abstract":"The paper targets the problem of optimal resource allocation in overlay multicast, which poses both theoretical and practical challenges. Theoretically, resource allocation among overlay flows is not subject to the network capacity constraint but also the data constraint, mainly due to the dual role of end hosts as both receivers and senders. Practically, existing distributed resource allocation schemes assume the network links to be capable of measuring flow rates, calculating and communicating price signals, none of which actually exists in the Internet today. We address these challenges as follows. First, we formalize the problem using nonlinear optimization theory, which incorporates both network constraint and data constraint. Based on our theoretical framework, we propose a distributed algorithm, which is proved to converge to the optimal point, where the aggregate utility of all receivers is maximized. Second, we propose an end-host-based solution, which relies on the coordination of end hosts to accomplish tasks originally assigned to network links. our solution can be directly deployed without any changes to the existing network infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129183533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249751
The following topics are dealt with: protocol design; peer to peer services; overlay networks; transport protocols; scheduling and classification; wireless networks; network routing; and sensor networks.
{"title":"Proceedings. 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249751","url":null,"abstract":"The following topics are dealt with: protocol design; peer to peer services; overlay networks; transport protocols; scheduling and classification; wireless networks; network routing; and sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121936333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249778
Wei-Peng Chen, J. Hou, L. Sha
In the paper, we devise and evaluate a fully decentralized, light-weight, dynamic clustering algorithm for target tracking. Instead of assuming the same role for all the sensors, we envision a hierarchical sensor network that is composed of (a) a static backbone of sparsely placed high-capability sensors which assume the role of a cluster head (CH) upon triggered by certain signal events; and (b) moderately to densely populated low-end sensors whose function is to provide sensor information to CHs upon request. A cluster is formed and a CH becomes active, when the acoustic signal strength detected by the CH exceeds a pre-determined threshold. The active CH then broadcasts an information solicitation packet, asking sensors in its vicinity to join the cluster and provide their sensing information. We address and devise solution approaches (with the use of Voronoi diagram) to realize dynamic clustering: (I1) how CHs cooperate with one another to ensure that for the most of time only one CH (preferably the CH that is closest to the target) is active; (I2) when the active CH solicits for sensor information, instead of having all the sensors in its vicinity reply, only a sufficient number of sensors respond with non-redundant, essential information to determine the target location; and (I3) both packets with which sensors respond to their CHs and packets that CHs report to subscribers do not incur significant collision. Through both probabilistic analysis and ns-2 simulation, we show with the use of Voronoi diagram, the CH that is usually closest to the target is (implicitly) selected as the leader and that the proposed dynamic clustering algorithm effectively eliminates contention among sensors and renders more accurate estimates of target locations as a result of better quality data collected and less collision incurred.
{"title":"Dynamic clustering for acoustic target tracking in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Wei-Peng Chen, J. Hou, L. Sha","doi":"10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNP.2003.1249778","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, we devise and evaluate a fully decentralized, light-weight, dynamic clustering algorithm for target tracking. Instead of assuming the same role for all the sensors, we envision a hierarchical sensor network that is composed of (a) a static backbone of sparsely placed high-capability sensors which assume the role of a cluster head (CH) upon triggered by certain signal events; and (b) moderately to densely populated low-end sensors whose function is to provide sensor information to CHs upon request. A cluster is formed and a CH becomes active, when the acoustic signal strength detected by the CH exceeds a pre-determined threshold. The active CH then broadcasts an information solicitation packet, asking sensors in its vicinity to join the cluster and provide their sensing information. We address and devise solution approaches (with the use of Voronoi diagram) to realize dynamic clustering: (I1) how CHs cooperate with one another to ensure that for the most of time only one CH (preferably the CH that is closest to the target) is active; (I2) when the active CH solicits for sensor information, instead of having all the sensors in its vicinity reply, only a sufficient number of sensors respond with non-redundant, essential information to determine the target location; and (I3) both packets with which sensors respond to their CHs and packets that CHs report to subscribers do not incur significant collision. Through both probabilistic analysis and ns-2 simulation, we show with the use of Voronoi diagram, the CH that is usually closest to the target is (implicitly) selected as the leader and that the proposed dynamic clustering algorithm effectively eliminates contention among sensors and renders more accurate estimates of target locations as a result of better quality data collected and less collision incurred.","PeriodicalId":179873,"journal":{"name":"11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130448622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：