In this work, multi-hop cooperative schemes for underwater sensor networks are studied and shown to be highly energy efficient. Also, the signal model for a multipath channel is derived taking into account the interference from other nodes. It is shown that while the effects of uncompensated intersymbol interference (ISI) can be quite detrimental, the network exhibits enough robustness against multiuser interference.
{"title":"Cooperative multihop communication for underwater acoustic networks","authors":"C. Carbonelli, U. Mitra","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161059","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, multi-hop cooperative schemes for underwater sensor networks are studied and shown to be highly energy efficient. Also, the signal model for a multipath channel is derived taking into account the interference from other nodes. It is shown that while the effects of uncompensated intersymbol interference (ISI) can be quite detrimental, the network exhibits enough robustness against multiuser interference.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122032786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is focused on the characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels and their implications on the design of bandwidth efficient modulation and demodulation techniques. Both noncoherent and phase coherent modulation and demodulation techniques are considered, and their performance, bandwidth efficiency and implementation complexity are compared.Single carrier and multicarrier (OFDM) modulation and demodulation techniques are also considered. It is illustrated that the performance of high data rate single carrier systems is severely impacted by intersymbol interference (ISI) due to channel dispersion and that powerful equalization algorithms are required to reduce the performance loss caused by ISI. The use of coding in such single carrier systems makes it possible to perform turbo equalization in order to achieve further performance gains. Multicarrier (OFDM) modulation may be used to eliminate the need for high complexity equalizers in channels where the time variations are sufficiently slow relative to the symbol rate carried by each of the subcarriers in the multicarrier system.Further increases in bandwidth efficiency are possible through spatial multiplexing. To achieve this objective, recent work on underwater acoustic communications has focused on MIMO techniques to increase the data rate and improve performance through signal diversity. This work on MIMO will be discussed.As a final topic in this paper, we consider multiple access techniques suitable for use in underwater acoustic networks. The suitability of FDMA, TDMA and CDMA is assessed in view of the characteristics of underwater acoustic channels.
{"title":"Modulation and demodulation techniques for underwater acoustic communications","authors":"J. Proakis","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channels and their implications on the design of bandwidth efficient modulation and demodulation techniques. Both noncoherent and phase coherent modulation and demodulation techniques are considered, and their performance, bandwidth efficiency and implementation complexity are compared.Single carrier and multicarrier (OFDM) modulation and demodulation techniques are also considered. It is illustrated that the performance of high data rate single carrier systems is severely impacted by intersymbol interference (ISI) due to channel dispersion and that powerful equalization algorithms are required to reduce the performance loss caused by ISI. The use of coding in such single carrier systems makes it possible to perform turbo equalization in order to achieve further performance gains. Multicarrier (OFDM) modulation may be used to eliminate the need for high complexity equalizers in channels where the time variations are sufficiently slow relative to the symbol rate carried by each of the subcarriers in the multicarrier system.Further increases in bandwidth efficiency are possible through spatial multiplexing. To achieve this objective, recent work on underwater acoustic communications has focused on MIMO techniques to increase the data rate and improve performance through signal diversity. This work on MIMO will be discussed.As a final topic in this paper, we consider multiple access techniques suitable for use in underwater acoustic networks. The suitability of FDMA, TDMA and CDMA is assessed in view of the characteristics of underwater acoustic channels.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128183040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Badia, M. Mastrogiovanni, C. Petrioli, Stamatis Stefanakos, M. Zorzi
Underwater sensor networks are a very interesting case of wireless communication in extreme conditions. They exploit acoustic communication in sea water and are nowadays used in surveillance and monitoring applications. These networks present very challenging aspects, such as low data rates and large delays, as well as the special propagation characteristics of the underwater medium. We propose an integer-linear programming approach to jointly optimize routing, link-scheduling and node placement in such a scenario. Accounting for these special aspects of underwater wireless communications leads to re-thinking traditional approaches; this results in original solutions, which highlight novel directions for further research in this area.
{"title":"An optimization framework for joint sensor deployment, link scheduling and routing in underwater sensor networks","authors":"L. Badia, M. Mastrogiovanni, C. Petrioli, Stamatis Stefanakos, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161051","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater sensor networks are a very interesting case of wireless communication in extreme conditions. They exploit acoustic communication in sea water and are nowadays used in surveillance and monitoring applications. These networks present very challenging aspects, such as low data rates and large delays, as well as the special propagation characteristics of the underwater medium. We propose an integer-linear programming approach to jointly optimize routing, link-scheduling and node placement in such a scenario. Accounting for these special aspects of underwater wireless communications leads to re-thinking traditional approaches; this results in original solutions, which highlight novel directions for further research in this area.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131416176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High error rates and long propagation delays in underwater sensor networks call for efficient error-recovery schemes. We believe network coding is a promising technique for this purpose because of the broadcast nature of acoustic channels and computation capabilities at the sensor nodes. In this paper, we design a network coding scheme for underwater sensor networks and explore its performance through simulation. Our initial results indicate the benefits of using network coding for error recovery and the gains from coding at the source.
{"title":"On applying network coding to underwater sensor networks","authors":"Zheng Guo, P. Xie, Jun-hong Cui, B. Wang","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161062","url":null,"abstract":"High error rates and long propagation delays in underwater sensor networks call for efficient error-recovery schemes. We believe network coding is a promising technique for this purpose because of the broadcast nature of acoustic channels and computation capabilities at the sensor nodes. In this paper, we design a network coding scheme for underwater sensor networks and explore its performance through simulation. Our initial results indicate the benefits of using network coding for error recovery and the gains from coding at the source.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132043625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Systems","authors":"R. Ord","doi":"10.1145/3264141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3264141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123729021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing interest for underwater sensor networks where long term monitoring of water masses around the world for scientific, environmental, commercial, and military reasons is desired. In this paper we will present the concept of a highly flexible acoustic modem called the Reconfigurable Modem (rModem) that can be used for rapid testing and development of such networks.
{"title":"Reconfigurable acoustic modem for underwater sensor networks","authors":"Ethem Mutlu Sözer, M. Stojanovic","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161060","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest for underwater sensor networks where long term monitoring of water masses around the world for scientific, environmental, commercial, and military reasons is desired. In this paper we will present the concept of a highly flexible acoustic modem called the Reconfigurable Modem (rModem) that can be used for rapid testing and development of such networks.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124767525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wide area ocean networks for monitoring and scientific exploratory purposes are in various stages of design; small-scale networks are already in various stages of deployment and testing. Clearly, cost-effective coverage is a primary underlying principle; arguably, such networks must therefore employ low-cost, energy-efficient mobile nodes. The first objective of this work is to broadly describe the architecture and system design considerations of such wide-area networks with mobile nodes; secondly, we introduce the APL/UW Seaglider capabilities and provide energy estimates for propulsion and data communications. We also discuss tradeoffs, and applications in ocean coverage, and optimization of sensor coverage within constraints of a power-efficient network.
{"title":"Wide area ocean networks: architecture and system design considerations","authors":"Sumit Roy, P. Arabshahi, D. Rouseff, W. Fox","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161046","url":null,"abstract":"Wide area ocean networks for monitoring and scientific exploratory purposes are in various stages of design; small-scale networks are already in various stages of deployment and testing. Clearly, cost-effective coverage is a primary underlying principle; arguably, such networks must therefore employ low-cost, energy-efficient mobile nodes. The first objective of this work is to broadly describe the architecture and system design considerations of such wide-area networks with mobile nodes; secondly, we introduce the APL/UW Seaglider capabilities and provide energy estimates for propulsion and data communications. We also discuss tradeoffs, and applications in ocean coverage, and optimization of sensor coverage within constraints of a power-efficient network.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122337130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew M. Haag, E. Agu, R. Komerska, S. Chappell, R. Bartos
AUSNet is a functional network of autonomous undersea vehicles. We present two novel algorithms to enhance AUSNet. In live in-water testing, a packet queueing problem in which stale status packets accummulated while AUVs were out of transmission range, was discovered. A replace-and-hold algorithm was designed to replace stale status packets. A store-and-forward feature using data shuttles between disjoint network partitions, is also proposed. Both algorithms were evaluated in a time-driven simulator. The replace-and-hold method showed bandwidth usage improvements of 48% for a typical AUV scenario and improved performance even when nodes remained connected. Multiple store-and-forward models were compared and showed varying levels of improvement.
{"title":"Status packet deprecation and store-forward routing in AUSNet","authors":"Matthew M. Haag, E. Agu, R. Komerska, S. Chappell, R. Bartos","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161056","url":null,"abstract":"AUSNet is a functional network of autonomous undersea vehicles. We present two novel algorithms to enhance AUSNet. In live in-water testing, a packet queueing problem in which stale status packets accummulated while AUVs were out of transmission range, was discovered. A replace-and-hold algorithm was designed to replace stale status packets. A store-and-forward feature using data shuttles between disjoint network partitions, is also proposed. Both algorithms were evaluated in a time-driven simulator. The replace-and-hold method showed bandwidth usage improvements of 48% for a typical AUV scenario and improved performance even when nodes remained connected. Multiple store-and-forward models were compared and showed varying levels of improvement.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116692740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Design","authors":"Keith Mitchell","doi":"10.1145/3260094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3260094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122436295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Chandrasekhar, Winston K.G. Seah, Y. Choo, B. How
In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), determining the location of every sensor is important and the process of estimating the location of each node in a sensor network is known as localization. While various localization algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks, there are relatively few localization schemes for UWSNs. The characteristics of underwater sensor networks are fundamentally different from that of terrestrial networks. Underwater acoustic channels are characterized by harsh physical layer environments with stringent bandwidth limitations. The variable speed of sound and the long propagation delays under water pose a unique set of challenges for localization in UWSN. This paper explores the different localization algorithms that are relevant to underwater sensor networks, and the challenges in meeting the requirements posed by emerging applications for such networks, e.g. offshore engineering.
{"title":"Localization in underwater sensor networks: survey and challenges","authors":"V. Chandrasekhar, Winston K.G. Seah, Y. Choo, B. How","doi":"10.1145/1161039.1161047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1161039.1161047","url":null,"abstract":"In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), determining the location of every sensor is important and the process of estimating the location of each node in a sensor network is known as localization. While various localization algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks, there are relatively few localization schemes for UWSNs. The characteristics of underwater sensor networks are fundamentally different from that of terrestrial networks. Underwater acoustic channels are characterized by harsh physical layer environments with stringent bandwidth limitations. The variable speed of sound and the long propagation delays under water pose a unique set of challenges for localization in UWSN. This paper explores the different localization algorithms that are relevant to underwater sensor networks, and the challenges in meeting the requirements posed by emerging applications for such networks, e.g. offshore engineering.","PeriodicalId":180011,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Underwater Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124040224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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