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Real time simulation of Smart Grids for interface protection test and analysis 智能电网接口保护的实时仿真测试与分析
M. Brenna, E. De Berardinis, Luca Delli Carpini, P. Paulon, P. Petroni, G. Sapienza, G. Scrosati, D. Zaninelli
The widespread of the Distributed Generation (DG) impacts the future development of modern electrical distribution systems that must to evolve towards Smart Grids. Fundamental topics of the Smart Grid context are the Distributed Voltage Automation and the Advanced Network Automation based on fast communication channels. In order to analyze the behavior of a network which evolves in Smart Grid, real time digital simulation, using a closed loop system, is an indispensable approach because allow to study normal and critical situations that can happen in the grid. Besides the interaction with real devices can be performed, in order to verify their correct operation. In this paper, after a general description of the real time simulation in the Smart Grid context, the behavior analysis of an interface protection device is performed using the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) installed in the Enel Distribuzione S.p.A. test centre.
分布式发电的广泛应用影响着现代配电系统的未来发展,必须向智能电网发展。基于快速通信信道的分布式电压自动化和高级网络自动化是智能电网研究的基本课题。为了分析智能电网演进过程中的网络行为,利用闭环系统进行实时数字仿真是研究电网中可能发生的正常和临界情况的必要手段。此外,还可以与实际设备进行交互,以验证其正确操作。本文在对智能电网环境下的实时仿真进行了一般描述之后,利用安装在Enel Distribuzione S.p.A.测试中心的实时数字模拟器(RTDS)对接口保护装置进行了行为分析。
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引用次数: 11
Voltage dips performance characterization by PQ indices at national and macro area level 在国家和宏观区域层面用PQ指数表征电压跌落性能
R. Chiumeo, M. de Nigris, C. Gandolfi, L. Garbero, L. Tenti
In 2005 the Italian Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas (Autorità per l'Energia Elettrica e il Gas, AEEG) promoted a Power Quality (PQ) monitoring campaign carried out by means of the Italian MV power quality monitoring system named QuEEN realized by ERSE, in the framework of the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System. Right from the start the main objectives of the campaign were to provide a sound knowledge of the actual performance of MV distribution networks in terms of PQ parameters and to give a useful support to Standardization and Regulation activities. The paper is focused on possible site and system indices suitable to characterize the MV network voltage dip performance at both national and macro area level. The proposed indices have been evaluated on the base of the QuEEN data collected up to now and their trends will be used to investigate about possible regulatory strategies.
2005年,在意大利电力系统研究基金的框架内,意大利电力和天然气监管局(autoritoper l'Energia electrica e il Gas, AEEG)推动了一项电能质量(PQ)监测活动,该活动通过由ERSE实现的名为QuEEN的意大利中压电能质量监测系统进行。从一开始,该活动的主要目标就是提供有关中压配电网络在PQ参数方面的实际性能的良好知识,并为标准化和监管活动提供有用的支持。本文的重点是在国家和宏观区域层面上寻找适合表征中压网络电压跌落性能的可能的站点和系统指标。根据迄今为止收集的QuEEN数据对拟议的指数进行了评估,其趋势将用于调查可能的监管策略。
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引用次数: 11
SVM-based classification methodology for overhead distribution fault events 基于svm的架空配电故障事件分类方法
V. Barrera Nunez, S. Kulkarni, S. Santoso, J. Meléndez
This paper proposes the application of support vector machines (SVM) to classify overhead distribution faults according to their general root causes; they are faults due to animal contacts, tree contacts, and lightning-induced events. The SVM method uses unique features buried in voltage and/or current waveforms. Seven unique features based on time and electrical quantities are presented. The performance of support vector machines with different kernels is compared to that of a rule-based classification method. The training and classification results demonstrate that SVM-based approach performs better than the rule-based approach. For instance, SVM-based approach correctly classifies 119 out of 148 collected voltage events, whereas rule-based approach 88 out of them. Likewise, a good generalization performance of the SVM-based approach is demonstrated during the training process carried out. However, the drawback of such a classifier based on SVM, and other blackbox methods, is due to the difficulties to interpret decision criteria.
本文提出应用支持向量机(SVM)根据架空配电故障的一般根本原因对架空配电故障进行分类;它们是由于动物接触、树木接触和雷击引起的故障。支持向量机方法利用隐藏在电压和/或电流波形中的独特特征。给出了基于时间和电量的七个独特特征。将具有不同核的支持向量机与基于规则的分类方法的性能进行了比较。训练和分类结果表明,基于支持向量机的方法优于基于规则的方法。例如,基于svm的方法正确分类了收集到的148个电压事件中的119个,而基于规则的方法正确分类了其中的88个。同样,在训练过程中也证明了基于svm的方法具有良好的泛化性能。然而,这种基于支持向量机和其他黑箱方法的分类器的缺点是难以解释决策标准。
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引用次数: 12
Voltage sags observation through optimal monitor locations 通过最佳监视器位置观察电压下降
F. Salim, K. M. Nor
The concern towards voltage sag has increased rapidly due to the amount of losses it created. Throughout the world, many researchers have proposed a study on the characteristics and the mitigation methods which may be used to overcome or reduce the effect cause by the voltage sag. In this paper, a method that used a minimum number of power quality monitors has been proposed to monitor the occurrence of voltage sags in the utility system. By using the area of vulnerability concept, the optimal monitor locations with zero blind spot area can be determined. The proposed method also used the concept of monitor redundancy to ensure the correctness of the monitor reading, validation purposes and to ensure the reliability of the monitoring system is 100%. The proposed method has been tested with two standards system; IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE 300-bus system and the results then is compared with other monitoring method.
对电压凹陷的关注已经迅速增加,因为它造成的损失的数量。在世界范围内,许多研究者提出了对电压暂降的特性和缓解方法的研究,以克服或减少电压暂降的影响。本文提出了一种使用最少数量电能质量监测器来监测电力系统电压跌落的方法。利用漏洞区域的概念,可以确定零盲区的最优监控位置。提出的方法还采用了监视器冗余的概念,以确保监视器读数的正确性,验证目的,并确保监控系统的可靠性为100%。该方法已在两个标准体系中进行了测试;并对IEEE 30总线系统和IEEE 300总线系统的监测结果与其他监测方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 12
Application of pulse multiplication in autotransformer based AC-DC converters for direct torque control induction motor drives 脉冲倍增在基于自耦变压器的交流-直流变换器中直接转矩控制感应电机驱动的应用
S. Nakhaee, A. Jalilian
Power quality improvement has been achieved using a 24 pulse autotransformer based ac-dc converter. The idea is to use an autotransformer based 12-pulse ac-dc converter and incorporating pulse doubling method for improving power quality ac mains for feeding a direct torque controlled induction motor drive (DTCIMD) load. The scheme uses a star connected autotransformer to produce 12-pulses with flexibility to adjust its voltage ratio which makes it suitable for retrofit application where a 6-pulse diode bridge rectifier is being used. Using the proposed 24-pulse AC-DC convertor, harmonic currents up to 21st order has been eliminated in the AC mains currents. A set of power quality indices on input AC mains for the proposed ac-dc converter feeding DTCIMD are also presented to compare its performance with 6-pulse and 12 pulse ac-dc converters. Also the effect of load variation on DTCIMD fed 24-pulse ac-dc converter is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ac-dc converter.
采用基于交直流变换器的24脉冲自耦变压器实现了电能质量的改善。这个想法是使用一个基于12脉冲交流-直流转换器的自耦变压器,并结合脉冲倍增方法来改善电能质量,交流电源为直接转矩控制的感应电机驱动(DTCIMD)负载供电。该方案使用星形连接的自耦变压器产生12个脉冲,灵活地调节其电压比,这使得它适用于使用6脉冲二极管桥式整流器的改造应用。采用所提出的24脉冲交直流变换器,在交流电源电流中消除了高达21阶的谐波电流。本文还给出了一组输入交流市电的电能质量指标,以比较DTCIMD与6脉冲和12脉冲交流直流变换器的性能。研究了负载变化对DTCIMD馈电24脉冲交直流变换器的影响,验证了所提出的交直流变换器的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Gabor Transform, Gabor-Wigner Transform and SPWVD as a time-frequency analysis of power quality Gabor变换,Gabor- wigner变换和SPWVD作为电能质量时频分析
M. Szmajda, K. Górecki, J. Mroczka
The measurement algorithms applied in power quality measurement systems are based on Fourier Transformation (FT). The discrete versions of Fourier transformation - DFT (Discrete FT) and FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) are most commonly used. That one-dimension frequency analysis is sufficient in many cases. However, to illustrate the character of the signal in a more comprehensive manner, it is crucial to represent the investigated signal on time-frequency plane. There are a lot of time-frequency representations (TFR) for presenting measured signal. The most common known are spectrogram (SPEC) and Gabor Transform (GT), which are based on direct DFT results. However, the method has relatively low time-frequency resolution. The other TFR representing Cohen class: Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) and its variants: Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (PWVD), Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD) and Gabor-Wigner Transform (GWT) are described in the paper. The main features of the transforms, on the basis of testing signals, were presented.
在电能质量测量系统中应用的测量算法是基于傅里叶变换的。傅里叶变换的离散版本- DFT(离散傅里叶变换)和FFT(快速傅里叶变换)是最常用的。一维频率分析在很多情况下是足够的。然而,为了更全面地说明信号的特性,将所研究的信号在时频平面上表示是至关重要的。有很多时频表示(TFR)来表示被测信号。最常见的是基于直接DFT结果的谱图(SPEC)和Gabor变换(GT)。然而,该方法具有较低的时频分辨率。本文描述了代表Cohen类的其他TFR: Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)及其变体:伪Wigner-Ville分布(PWVD)、平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布(SPWVD)和gaborr - wigner变换(GWT)。在测试信号的基础上,给出了变换的主要特征。
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引用次数: 31
Impact of long and short-time voltage variations on the PST and voltage unbalance indicators 长、短时电压变化对PST和电压不平衡指标的影响
O. Murillo, A. Blanco, L. Gallego
Long and short time voltage variations are common electromagnetic phenomena that affect the power quality. According to Colombian resolution CREG 024 of 2005, utilities must register for each system busbar and every 10 minutes, PST values per phase, negative sequence unbalance factor V2/V1, number and duration of the long and short-time voltage variations, number and duration of interruptions involved. In this paper, we present the first results of a proposed new method to find the impact of long and short-time voltage variations on the PST and negative sequence unbalance factor indicators, according to colombian regulations and using real feeders measurements, the proposed method uses basic elements of clustering and data mining.
电压的长、短时变化是影响电能质量的常见电磁现象。根据哥伦比亚2005年的CREG 024号决议,公用事业公司必须登记每一个系统母线和每10分钟,每相PST值,负序不平衡系数V2/V1,长时间和短时间电压变化的次数和持续时间,所涉及的中断次数和持续时间。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法来寻找长时间和短时间电压变化对PST和负序不平衡因素指标的影响,根据哥伦比亚法规并使用实际馈线测量,该方法使用聚类和数据挖掘的基本元素。
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引用次数: 1
Reduced harmonic state space model of TCR TCR的简化谐波状态空间模型
J. Orillaza, A. Wood
This paper presents a harmonic state-space model of a three-phase thyristor controlled reactor. In this description, both the transient and steady-state response of individual harmonics are quantified. The results were validated using a strictly time-domain simulation. A further development of the model is the use of characteristic harmonics of the power converter to reduce the number of harmonics incorporated into state-space equations; this development effectively reduces computational burden.
提出了三相晶闸管控制电抗器的谐波状态空间模型。在这个描述中,单个谐波的瞬态和稳态响应都是量化的。结果通过严格的时域仿真得到了验证。该模型的进一步发展是利用功率转换器的特征谐波来减少状态空间方程中谐波的数量;这种开发有效地减少了计算负担。
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引用次数: 8
Cisoidal algebra: Some meanings for a unified energetic balance 顺线代数:统一能量平衡的一些含义
F. Della Torre, A. Morando, G. Sapienza
Preliminary recalling the idea of generalized sinusoid, fundamental concepts of cisoidal algebra are then exposed. The approach is regarded as a generalization of the classic phasors analysis and it is proposed for the analysis of circuits and electromagnetic fields in damped steady state conditions. In this way is possible to reformulate the energetic balance by means of the concept of contra-rotating generalized vectors, obtaining a possible unified expression for the balance itself.
初步回顾广义正弦波的思想,然后揭示了顺线代数的基本概念。该方法是对经典相量分析方法的推广,适用于阻尼稳态条件下的电路和电磁场分析。这样就可以用对旋转广义矢量的概念来重新表述能量平衡,从而得到能量平衡本身可能的统一表达式。
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引用次数: 0
Harmonic coupled norton equivalent model for modeling harmonic-producing loads 谐波耦合诺顿等效模型
C. Almeida, N. Kagan
This paper verifies the importance of load modeling for the harmonic assessment of power systems. Three different models are discussed, and the impact of each approach on the harmonic evaluation of power networks is highlighted.
本文验证了负荷建模对电力系统谐波评估的重要性。讨论了三种不同的模型,并强调了每种方法对电网谐波评估的影响。
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引用次数: 20
期刊
Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power - ICHQP 2010
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