Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Asian Conference on Biomedical Research and Laboratory Medicine 2021","authors":"W. A. N. Wan Ahmad, M. Kaderi, S. F. Masre, S. B. Budin, U. Kuppusamy, Raja Elina Raja Aziddin, S. N. E. Sarchio, S. Sukardi, Abdah Md Akim, Y. Cheah, N. Rajab, Izatus Shima Taib, Farah Wahida Ibrahim, N. Jufri, C. Lim, Harmiza Harun","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.105","url":null,"abstract":"Asian Conference on Biomedical Research and Laboratory Medicine was organized by three associations: Malaysian Association of Clinical Biochemists (MACB), Association of Scientific Officers Ministry of Health (ASOMH), and Malaysian Biomedical Science Association (MyBIOMED). The conference was held on 24th-25th August 2021 and a workshop on 26th August 2021 through Webex Webinar Platform with the theme of “Revolutionising laboratory medicine through research and innovation”. This conference aimed to bring together leading academic, scientists, laboratory medical scientists, pathologists, researchers, and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of laboratory medicine and health sciences. There were a total of almost 500 participants registered and over 100 abstracts submitted for this conference.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79550957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial infarction in normal coronary artery (MINCA): Death in healthy military personnel","authors":"Nadiawati Abdul Razak, F. Mohd Nor, Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar, Ahmad Zakuan Kamarudin","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.90","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden unexpected death among healthy military personnel leads to a false allegation from family members. However, majority of the deaths were related to an abnormal cardiac condition. Objective: The occurrence of patent coronary vessels in sudden deaths demands histological examination and/or molecular study to detect underlying diseases, which need to be highlighted especially in a centre with limitation of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) or virtopsy. In this article, a case of a young healthy male personnel, who died during routine training was reported. He collapsed after a 10-minute jog. An autopsy was performed to determine the cause of death. The autopsy showed a moderately built male. No fatal external injuries were found. Internal examination showed cardiomegaly and patent coronaries. The cardiac markers were markedly raised with normal toxicological analysis. Histology of the heart showed a recent myocardial infarct, hence the cause of death was determined as myocardial infarction in normal coronary artery (MINCA). Conclusion: Annual medical screening is highly recommended to detect any cardiac abnormalities among military personnel. Screening may be extended for a genetic study in suspicious and strong family history to exclude a conduction defect or channelopathy.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88123061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulation of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium extract using pectin as a carrier matrix and its characterization","authors":"Arman Syah Goli, J. Leanpolchareanchai, S. Chewchinda, J. Yahuafai, Jannarin Nontakham, H. Sato, V. Sato","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.102","url":null,"abstract":"Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz (LS, Fabaceae) is one of the folklore medicines in Thailand. The previous studies have demonstrated several pharmacological activities and high polyphenolic substances possessed by this plant. However, the suitable encapsulation of LS extract has not been discovered. This study aimed to develop LS microcapsules using spray-drying technique with pectin as a carrier. Moreover, the powder analysis and characterization were also conducted. The effects of inlet temperatures (80, 100, and 120°C) and carrier concentrations (1, 5, and 10 %w/v) on the encapsulation yield (EY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), total phenolic content (TPC), and main markers (trilobatin and yanangdaengin) of LS microcapsules were studied. Finally, the characterization was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results indicated that S2 microcapsule formulation, pectin to extract ratio 10:1 (w/w) at inlet temperature of 100°C, was chosen as the optimal condition because of the positive tendency to acquire higher EE as pectin level was increased. On the contrary, the level of TPC and markers was reduced due to the more addition of pectin. The FTIR, XRD, and DSC results suggested that the well-encapsulated microcapsules were obtained for S2 formulation and SEM represented the semi-spherical structure of its microstructures. The development of LS microcapsules with the proximity to gain the advantageous powder analysis and characteristic has been achieved. Therefore, this approach could be used for the subsequent manufacturing of LS extract.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84222014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic light profiling of meals sold in cafeteria of local universities: A pilot study","authors":"Shi Yee Loo, Anis Wahida Md Nazri, Nur Eizzati Farhani Rosle, Munirah Ismail, Yi Yi Lee, S. Krishnasamy","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.88","url":null,"abstract":"Unregulated university cafeterias may be serving food and beverages high in fat or sugar. Traffic light labelling (TLL) has been able to guide students in making healthier choices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the healthiness level of food and beverages served in university cafeterias by profiling it against TLL and calorie density to evaluate student’s perception towards the implementation of TLL. This pilot observational study was conducted in three universities; two public university and one private institution within Klang Valley. A total of 166 foods and beverages were analysed for calories, fat, saturated fat, sodium, and sugar by using a nutritional software, Nutritionist Pro (TM). Analysed data for each food/beverage were further profiled into TLL and calorie density by using an excel spreadsheet. Food and beverages analysed were those sold in canteen and cafeterias combined those frequently consumed, reported in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A total of 192 students completed a questionnaire containing three sections: personal profile, a short FFQ of their usual intake and their perception towards implementation of TLL in their institutions. 8.1% of all food items were categorised as green (healthy food), whereas 41.9% were amber (moderately healthy food), and 50% were red (unhealthy food). Almost half of the beverages (46.7%) were found to be unhealthy. However, when all foods were profiled for calorie density, more than half (61.8%) were categorised as moderately healthy food. In addition, most of the respondents (88%) showed a positive perception towards the implementation of TLL in the cafeteria. A large number of meals sold in two universities cafeterias were unhealthy and requires dietary modification. TLL implementation was beneficial for tertiary students as it may help guide the students to choose healthier options of cooked meals and packaged foods and beverages.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77699003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fresh garlic extract on Candida albicans Sessile cells, biofilms and biofilm associated genes, Flo-8 and Ndt80","authors":"Dave Thomas, Joshua Lee, S. Choo, H. Rao, P. Chong","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.89","url":null,"abstract":"Candida-associated nosocomial infections are a persistent problem which has been steadily increasing over the years. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains has narrowed the spectrum of effective drugs that can be utilised and indicated the need for alternative therapeutics. Garlic is a spice often studied for its unique characteristics. Most of its antimicrobial properties have been attributed to the presence of allicin, which makes up more than 70% of thiosulfinates extracted from garlic. The present study aimed to determine the effects of fresh garlic extract (FGE) towards the expression of two major biofilm genes, Flo-8 and Ndt80 produced by C. albicans that enable the morphogenesis of yeast from planktonic cells to biofilm.  Minimum concentration required for FGE to inhibit C. albicans was determined through agar well and disc diffusion assay. Effect of FGE towards preformed C. albicans biofilms was evaluated at ¼× and ½× inhibitory concentrations of FGE and Amphotericin B, respectively by XTT assay. RNA from FGE-treated C. albicans was extracted, reverse transcribed and analysed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to determine FGE effects towards the expression of Flo-8 and Ndt80. Inhibitory concentration of FGE was determined to be 100 mg/mL. Both genes appeared to be upregulated in the presence of FGE with a higher upregulation noted with Flo-8 (67.34 and 30.20-folds) when compared against Ndt80 (5.55 and 1.79-folds) at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively. It is surmised that C. albicans upregulated these genes as a survival mechanism in the presence of FGE. The findings from this study indicate that FGE could inhibit C. albicans growth and biofilms. Further research is required to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) through broth microdilution and to understand the mechanism behind this phenomenon before it can be utilised as a potential therapeutic to combat Candida-associated nosocomial infections.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74167881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene microplastics adversely affect airway patency","authors":"Nurshafida Adzlin Shamsul Anuar, L. Pang, S. Selvam, C. Gibbins, Ting Kang Nee","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.6.1.2022.93","url":null,"abstract":"Human exposure to microplastics through inhalation has been widely reported in recent years. There is a paucity of work focusing on the direct effect of accumulation of microplastics in airways and how it may impact the respiratory function. This study aimed to investigate whether the exposure of microplastic would change the contractility of isolated airway smooth muscle tissue. Microplastics were obtained through milling of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pellets by using a centrifugal mill. To confirm that the milled microplastic particle size range fell within the definition of microplastic, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was employed. The milled microplastics particle size ranged from 44.2 µm to 552.4 µm. The organ bath technique was employed to study the direct change of tissue contractility of rat isolated tracheal rings. Tracheal rings were incubated with polyethylene microplastics of different concentrations (0.3 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml) for a minimum of 18 hours in physiological Krebs buffer, followed by the construction of concentration-response curves to a contractile agent, carbachol (muscarinic agonist). Exposure to all concentrations of polyethylene microplastics enhanced the contractile responses of the tissues to carbachol. However, the effect was only statistically significant in tissues incubated at 3 mg/ml and above (p < 0.05). Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence that exposure to polyethylene microplastics adversely affects airway function. Heightened contractile responses of airways mimic the pathophysiological responses in respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic cough and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further experiments focusing on the possible mechanism of actions of these microplastics affecting the airway tissue function are now needed.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87315394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A polyphenol, pyrogallol changes the acidic pH of the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum","authors":"Nur Saidatul Aqilah Ja’afar, Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat Zin, F. S. Mohamad, N. Abu-Bakar","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.5.1.2021.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.5.1.2021.82","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrogallol has a capability of generating free radicals like other antimalarial drugs such as artemisinin, which is thought to inhibit the proton pump located in the membrane of the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole, thus alkalinising this acidic organelle. This study aimed to determine pH changes of the malaria parasite’s digestive vacuole following treatment with pyrogallol. The antimalarial activity of this compound was evaluated by a malarial SYBR Green 1 fluorescence-based assay to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Based on the IC50 value, different concentrations of pyrogallol were selected to ensure changes of the digestive vacuole pH were not due to parasite death. This was measured by flow cytometry after 4-hour pyrogallol treatment on the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran-accumulated digestive vacuole of the mid-trophozoite stage parasites. Pyrogallol showed a moderate antimalarial activity with the IC50 of 2.84 ± 9.40 µM. The treatment of 1.42, 2.84 and 5.67 µM pyrogallol increased 2.9, 3.0 and 3.1 units of the digestive vacuole pH, respectively as compared with the untreated parasite (pH 5.6 ± 0.78). The proton pump, V-type H+-ATPase might be inhibited by pyrogallol, hence causing the digestive vacuole pH alteration, which is similar with the result shown by a standard V-type H+-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin A. This study provides a fundamental understanding on the antimalarial activity and mechanism of action of pyrogallol that has a potential to be the antimalarial drug candidate.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89715067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements and progress beyond the current global pandemic","authors":"Y. Cheah","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.5.10.2021.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.5.10.2021.83","url":null,"abstract":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine was established in 2017 as an open access, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal. The journal welcomes submissions in all areas of life sciences, medicine and biomedicine with a selection of relevant biological sciences on a case by case basis. It is expected that the wide scope of the journal will promote multidisciplinary collaboration and attract research papers from diverse scientific settings. To put things into perspective, the first issue was published at the end of 2017, with four issues per year through 2018 and 2019 respectively. In 2020, the publication frequency was changed to a single issue annually, adopting to the continuous publication model practiced by many others. Manuscripts are processed for peer-review, and published as they are accepted throughout the year. This method has helped the editorial office to streamline the editorial process. Accepted articles are prepared for publication more robustly and in a timely manner. Based on this experience, the current model of continuous publication will be maintained. In addition to research and review articles, the journal also accepts submissions for mini reviews, opinion pieces and case reports.\u0000For the upcoming Volume 6 Issue 1 which will be accepting articles throughout 2022, the journal will be implementing a number of changes to the submission and editorial process. One area currently being improved is the mechanism to allow authors to submit manuscripts with very minimal formatting. Based on the feedback received from our authors, this will significantly reduce the time taken for new submissions to go through initial quality checks and approval, so that the peer-review process can commence as soon as possible. The new author’s guide will be updated and implemented in September 2021. Taking into account the global pandemic, the article processing charges for accepted manuscripts are waived throughout 2021. Further discussions are currently being held to provide financial assistance for future article processing charges for authors that may require them.\u0000Despite the challenging period the world is currently facing, the growth of the journal continues. The journal attributes this achievements to the scholarly contributions of the authors, reviewers and editors. During this similar period, the journal received successful approval for indexing with the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Scilit. It is also indexed in MyJurnal (Citation and Infometric Division of the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia). Editorial good practices will continue to be enhanced based on industry standards to ensure the journal attracts high quality scientific work. Preparation is also in progress for indexing with other major indexing organizations, which will assist authors and articles to reach a wider global audience.\u0000While the journal was initially established for the Malaysian scientific community, the current focus is for authorship and reade","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"30 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89446691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Claudin-5 and ICAM-1 protein detection by using capillary-based immunoassay method in human brain endothelial cells","authors":"N. Jufri, Tharsini Salyam, Farah Wahida Ibrahim, M. A. Latif, A. Hamid","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.5.1.2021.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.5.1.2021.80","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) are part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB acts as a barrier to control the passage of molecules or materials from the blood into the brain.  Identification of specific proteins changes in their expressions that are related to disease state is important in order to understand the disease mechanism involving brain vasculature. To achieve that, the techniques involve in identifying the proteins of interest must be optimized prior to further investigation. Methodology: In this study, identification of Claudin-5 in HBEC lysates was tested using different sample preparation techniques such as; 1) reducing with Dithiothreitol (DTT) and non-reducing conditions; 2) denaturing by heating at 95°C for 5 minutes or 70°C for 20 minutes and 3) protein loading at 3 and 4 µg. The samples were then subjected to an automated capillary-based immunoassay, Jess. Results and Discussion: The results showed that HBEC samples loaded at 4 µg and heated for 5 minutes at 95°C with DTT produced clearer and intense bands for Claudin-5 identification compared to the other set ups. As reducing condition and denaturing by heated at 95°C for 5 minutes conditions demonstrated good results, the conditions were used to identify ICAM-1 expression at different protein loading (3 and 4 µg). The result demonstrated that HBEC samples heated for 5 minutes at 95°C with DTT and loaded at 4 µg produced a good detection for ICAM-1. Conclusion: These optimized conditions could be served as a standard procedure for further identification of Claudin-5 and ICAM-1 proteins in HBEC using a capillary immunoassay instrument.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89033942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice towards salt intake and health among non-academic staff of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia: A pilot study","authors":"Munirah Ismail, Tuneesha Regu, Martha James Jimponey, Viola Michael, Fathimah Nestha Mohamed, Rohana Hussin, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin","doi":"10.28916/lsmb.5.10.2021.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.5.10.2021.75","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the years, global salt intake has increased and has resulted in the escalation of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. The lack of knowledge, as well as poor attitude and practice, are the main reasons that have led to high salt intake. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards salt intake and health among non-academic staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FSK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the non-academic staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FSK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The respondents were recruited using stratified random sampling technique with an informed consent. A validated questionnaire to test the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards salt intake and health by the Ministry of Health Malaysia was converted into a Google form and the link was emailed to 118 participants. A total of 33 responses were obtained for evaluation. The significant values were set as P < 0.05. Results: It was observed that female participants had better attitudes towards salt intake and health compared to males (p = 0.044). Also, individuals with higher education levels had better attitudes towards salt intake and health, compared to those with lower education levels (p=0.009). However, knowledge and practice of salt intake and health bore no significant results when considering gender, education level and age. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, this study has identified sociodemographic characteristics as contributing factors towards individuals’ attitude on salt intake and health. This may provide a crucial foundation in the development of cost-effective healthcare programs to widen knowledge, create awareness and promote a healthy lifestyle by reducing salt intake and further reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":18068,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78427949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}