Lipids in Health and Disease最新文献

Background: Trimester-specific reference intervals (TSRIs) for maternal lipid profiles should be determined, and the impact of dyslipidemia on adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) should be estimated.

Methods: Data from 25,081 pregnant women in a large Southeast Chinese cohort were collected. Serial lipid profiling was performed throughout gestation, with measurements obtained during the first, second, and third trimesters, as well as within 24 h of delivery. The truncated maximum likelihood (TML) method, the Hoffman method, and inverse modelling were employed to establish TSRIs for lipids, with TML as the primary method. The associations of dyslipidemia with APOs were investigated by logistic regressions within the setting of TSRIs for various lipids.

Results: The TSRIs established by the TML method were as follows: 3.36-6.06, 4.19-7.89, 4.60-8.97, and 4.41-8.79 mmol/L for total cholesterol; 0.66-2.32, 1.11-3.75, 1.49-4.77, and 1.61-6.14 mmol/L for triglycerides; 1.42-3.61, 1.94-5.13, 1.95-5.39, and 1.86-5.50 mmol/L for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1.11-2.31, 1.30-2.75, 1.24-2.59, and 1.20-2.65 mmol/L for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1.89-4.20, 2.59-5.85, 2.87-6.17, and 2.88-6.78 mmol/L for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1.04-1.96, 1.25-2.41, 1.23-2.46, and 1.25-2.47 g/L for apolipoprotein A1; 0.43-0.82, 0.63-1.17, 0.65-1.55, and 0.79-1.77 g/L for apolipoprotein B; and 0.27-0.79, 0.35-0.94, 0.39-1.11, and 0.40-1.15 for the apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1 ratio from the first trimester to the delivery period, respectively. The results of the Hoffman and inverse modelling methods closely aligned with those of the TML method. In pregnant women, lipid levels that deviate above or below the established TSRIs are significantly associated with the occurrence of APOs.

Conclusion: TSRIs are recommended for the identification and management of dyslipidemia during pregnancy. Inappropriate maternal blood lipid levels are associated with an increased risk of APOs.

Lipid metabolism is a well-regulated process essential for maintaining cellular functions and energy homeostasis. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is associated with various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. This review explores the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism, emphasizing the roles of key lipid species such as triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. It also examines the genetic and environmental factors contributing to lipid dysregulation and the challenges of diagnosing and managing lipid-related disorders. Recent advancements in lipid-lowering therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, and olpasiran, provide promising treatment options. However, these advancements are accompanied by challenges related to cost, accessibility, and patient adherence. The review highlights the need for personalized medicine approaches to address the interplay between genetics and environmental factors in lipid metabolism. As lipidomics and advanced diagnostic tools continue to progress, a deeper understanding of lipid-related disorders could pave the way for more effective therapeutic strategies.

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks sixth globally among cancer deaths, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Although diet is known to be a major risk factor, Although diet is a well-established risk factor for PC, the precise dietary components linked to the disease remain inconclusive, with studies showing varying results across different populations and regions. This study addresses this gap through a comprehensive analysis of PC incidence trends from 1990 to 2021, with a specific focus on associations with age, dietary patterns, and socio-demographic determinants.

Methods: The data utilized in this study were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results database, updated on May 16, 2024. Unlike traditional single-variable correlation analyses, a Bayesian generalized linear model was applied to assess the association between food intake and disease incidence during the period 1990-2021. To account for variations related to year and region, these variables were incorporated as covariates in the model, allowing for a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of the background factors. Finally, the "BAPC" package was employed to project age-standardized incidence rates of PC through the year 2051.

Results: The global incidence of PC increased from 3.90 per 100,000 people (95% CI: 3.69, 4.08) in 1990 to 6.44 per 100,000 (95% CI: 5.86, 6.93) in 2021. The analysis revealed significant associations between PC incidence and the intake of nuts, omega-3 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), trans fats, dietary sodium, and calcium. In typical countries, higher intake of nuts and PUFA was associated with a reduced incidence of PC, while trans fats were positively correlated with increased incidence. The age-standardized Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) prediction indicates that the incidence rates of PC will show a downward trend after 2021.

Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence of PC exhibited a rapid upward trend, suggesting an increasing global healthcare burden. The findings of this study suggest that dietary lipid intake is significantly associated with PC incidence at a global level. This finding underscores the importance of dietary fat composition, particularly in the context of pancreatic cancer prevention, suggesting that individuals should pay attention to the types and sources of fats in their diets to mitigate disease risk.

Background and aims: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites produced by gut microbiota, have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases by modulating immune responses. However, their role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: We recruited HAND patients, HIV Control, and healthy controls (HC). Plasma SCFAs and SCFA-producing gut microbiota were quantified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and fecal metagenomic analysis. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using liquid chromatography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive accuracy of SCFAs for HAND.

Results: Plasma SCFAs were significantly reduced in HAND patients, correlating with a decrease in SCFA-producing gut bacteria, such as Prevotella and its related species. Reduced SCFAs were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and cognitive impairment, while being negatively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokines. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that several SCFAs exhibited strong predictive accuracy for HAND status.

Conclusions: SCFAs may influence cognitive function by modulating inflammatory responses, and identifies plasma SCFAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HAND. Further investigation is needed to delineate the mechanisms that SCFAs influence HAND pathology.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have demonstrated significant efficacy in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but some fail to achieve the target levels. This study aimed to explore the potential risk factors associated with this nonattainment of target LDL-C reduction (NTR-LDLC) and develop a prediction model.

Methods: The population was randomly divided into derivation and verification subsets in a 7:3 ratio. Utilizing the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, we filtered the variables within the derivation set. Subsequently, we assessed the model's predictive accuracy for the NTR-LDLC in both subsets through the application of decision curve analysis (DCA) and the plotting of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results: The study enrolled 748 patients, with 115 individuals experiencing NTR-LDLC. Using LASSO regression, five significant predictive factors associated with NTR-LDLC were identified: statin therapy, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-C. Based on these results, a nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated, showing predictive accuracy with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.718 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.657 - 0.779) and 0.703 (95% CI: 0.605 - 0.801) for the derivation and validation sets, respectively.

Conclusions: This study presents a LASSO-derived predictive model that can be used to predict the risk of NTR-LDLC with PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with ASCVD.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) and blood eosinophil counts (BEOC) in asthmatic patients, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018.

Methods: This research explored the link between PHR and BEOC among adults with asthma, drawing on data from a representative U.S. population sample (n = 3034; NHANES 2011-2018). To assess this relationship, multivariable linear models were employed, alongside subgroup and interaction analyses to identify any potential variations across different groups. Additionally, generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis were employed to explore the relationships in greater detail. Sensitivity tests were performed to ensure the robustness of the findings.

Results: The weighted multivariable linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for all covariables, each one-unit rise in PHR was linked to an increase of 41.61 in BEOC (β: 41.61, 95% CI: 25.25-57.97). Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistency across various categories, reinforcing the significant positive association between PHR and BEOC. Interaction tests indicated that this positive association remained stable regardless of factors such as body mass index, smoking, hypertension, or diabetes, with all interaction P-values greater than 0.05. Additionally, the application of generalized additive models and two-piece linear regression models further confirmed the linear association between PHR and BEOC.

Conclusions: Our study indicates that a higher PHR may be associated with an increased risk of elevated BEOC in American adults with asthma. Thus, PHR might be considered a potential marker for predicting elevated BEOC levels in this population.

Background: The Inflammatory Load Index (IBI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) were employed to evaluate the systemic inflammatory status and body fat. This study aims to elucidate the association between IBI and the prevalence of gallstones, as well as to analyze the mediating role of BRI in this association.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2017-2020) were utilized in our cross-sectional study. A total of 2598 participants aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled. The Boruta algorithm, a supervised classification feature selection method, is leveraged to identify the confounding variables most strongly associated with the prevalence of gallstones. Weighted multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses were employed to investigate the association between IBI and gallstones, assess the presence of a linear association, and evaluate the effect of IBI on gallstone risk across different populations. Finally, the mediating effect of BRI was examined.

Results: In the fully adjusted model, when IBI was in the highest tertile, each unit increase in IBI (corresponding to an increase of 1 in the natural logarithm of IBI) was linked to a 110.8% higher prevalence of gallstones (OR = 2.108, 95% CI: 1.109-4.005; P = 0.028). The odds ratio for gallstones increased with higher IBI levels across unadjusted, partially adjusted, and fully adjusted models (P for trend < 0.05). This positive association was confirmed to be linear by the RCS curve (P for nonlinear = 0.887). Subgroup analysis indicated that the risk of gallstones was significantly elevated in individuals aged ≥ 60, females, and those with a Poverty-to-Income Ratio (PIR) ≥ 2 (P < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that IBI had a significant indirect effect on gallstone prevalence through BRI, with an effect size of 0.0129 (95% CI: 0.0121-0.0136; P < 0.001), and the mediation contributed to 33.24% of the total effect.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant linear positive relation of IBI to gallstone prevalence. Furthermore, BRI mediates the effect of IBI on gallstone risk. These findings provide a more precise inflammatory marker for gallstone prevention and treatment.

Trial registration: Not applicable.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) reduces insulin efficacy and heightens the danger of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), which is based on triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index (BMI), and fasting glucose levels, provides a simpler way to assess IR. As the hypertension's prevalence increases, particularly in those with metabolic disorders, exploring the relationship between hypertension and METS-IR has become crucial.

Methods: 16,310 individuals from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset was included. Hypertension was defined by asking participants about their medical history and blood pressure measurements. METS-IR was calculated as follows: ln([ HDL-C (mg/dL)] × [2 × fasting glucose (mg/dL)] + TG (mg/dL) × BMI (kg/m²)). The study adjusted for covariates like sex; age; race; poverty-income ratio; marital status; educational background; total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum creatinine levels; smoking; stroke; alcohol consumption; diabetes; and coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was conducted using a multi-factor regression model.

Results: This research demonstrated a significant positive relationship between hypertension and METS-IR. Each 1-unit rise in METS-IR corresponds to a 3% higher chance of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.04). In model 3, METS-IR exhibited a notable correlation with hypertension (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 2.64-4.14; P < 0.001). A threshold effect analysis demonstrated a nonlinear association. Finally, subgroup analyses supported the stability of the relationship between METS-IR and factors such as sex, race, alcohol consumption, CHD, smoking, and stroke (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: METS-IR showed a strong relationship with hypertension and may be an important marker for evaluating metabolic health and the early hypertension danger.

Background: The monocyte-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) serves as an integrated indicator of the pro-inflammatory role of monocytes and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Research has shown that the MHR is associated with the onset and prognosis of some diseases. However, no study has examined the link between the MHR and prognosis of populations with asthma.

Methods: This study included data from 2,023 participants with asthma from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This survey applied various statistical models, such as Cox proportional hazards, restricted cubic spline (RCS), threshold effects analysis (TEA), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and survival area plots, to assess the correlation between the MHR and mortality in participants with asthma.

Results: According to the Cox hazard models, the MHR and mortality were positively correlated (hazard ratio: 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.11). Additionally, the RCS and TEA demonstrated a positive and linear relationship between the MHR and mortality. Participants with asthma who had a decreased MHR had better survival, compared with those who had an elevated MHR, as per the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and survival area plots.

Conclusions: This longitudinal investigation indicated that an increased MHR was associated with elevated mortality in individuals with asthma. Therefore, the MHR may serve as an independent biomarker for predicting the prognosis of individuals with asthma.