Lipids in Health and Disease最新文献

Background: Previous studies have shown that metabolic imbalances contribute to digestive diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and modified triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indices with digestive diseases.

Methods: We recruited participants aged 45 years or older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011 - 2020). The indices assessed included AIP, TyG, triacylglycerol glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), the triacylglycerol glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), and the triacylglycerol glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI). We used logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to examine the associations between these indices and the incidence of digestive diseases.

Results: A total of 4,453 participants were included in our analysis, 53.3% of whom were female, with an average age of 60 years. The incidence of digestive diseases in middle-aged and older adults was 6.18%. Compared with those in the lowest tertile group, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for digestive diseases in the highest tertile for AIP, TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-BMI were 1.452 (1.07-1.972), 1.193 (0.873-1.631), 1.349 (1.044-1.743), 1.5 (1.089-2.068), and 1.312 (0.956-1.799), respectively. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the correlations between these indices and digestive diseases.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that the AIP, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were independently associated with the incidence of digestive diseases. These findings highlight the importance of considering and optimizing metabolic factors in management strategies for digestive diseases.

Background: The association of a combination of the TyG index and obesity markers, specifically waist circumference (WC), with cognitive function is unknown. This research investigated the relationship between TyG-WC measurements and cognitive impairment in a low-income population in China; moreover, this study evaluated the role of diabetes mellitus and body mass index (BMI) in modulating this relationship.

Methods: 1125 eligible individuals aged ≥ 60 years participated in this study. The TyG index and obesity indicators (BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio) were calculated for individual participants and categorized into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between TyG-WC values and cognitive impairment; the possibility of a nonlinear relationship was explored using constrained cubic spline analysis. The participants were divided into different groups according to their diabetes status and BMI category for subgroup analyses. Linear regression was used to investigate the correlation between TyG-WC values and MMSE scores.

Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the study participants was 47.3%, with a significant negative association between TyG-WC values and cognitive impairment, (odds ratio [OR] = 0.999; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.997-1.00, P = 0.009). A U-shaped correlation was observed between the TyG-WC values and cognitive impairment (P = 0.008). Subgroup analyses showed that the inverse association between TyG-WC values and cognitive impairment was stronger in non-diabetic individuals (OR = 0.998; 95% CI, 0.997-0.999; P = 0.002) and in those with a lower BMI (< 24 kg/m²; OR = 0.996; 95% CI, 0.994-0.998; P = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between TyG-WC values and MMSE scores, particularly in men and non-diabetic individuals (β = 0.003; 95% CI, 0.0002-0.005; P = 0.031).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between TyG-WC values and cognitive function. The stronger inverse association between TyG-WC values and cognitive decline in the non-diabetic and low-BMI subgroups suggests that these populations may benefit the most from targeted interventions. These findings are important for clinical practice and formulating disease-prevention policies, emphasizing the need for metabolic health management to prevent cognitive decline, particularly in low-income populations.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the co-occurrence of various metabolic risk factors, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study investigates the potential of hematological indices, specifically the neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), as predictors of MetS in a population from southern Iran.

Methods: Utilizing baseline data from the Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort, part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), A total of 2,684 participants aged 35-70 years were analyzed. Participants were evaluated using the Iranian National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria to diagnose MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to assess the predictive validity of NHR and LHR across different demographic categories.

Results: The mean LHR and NHR values were significantly higher in individuals diagnosed with MetS (P < 0.001). Specifically, the LHR was 0.85 ± 0.26 in MetS patients compared to 0.76 ± 0.23 in those without MetS, while the NHR was 1.33 ± 0.35 in MetS patients compared to 1.20 ± 0.32 in those without MetS. After adjusting for confounding factors, both LHR and NHR remained significantly associated with MetS, with odds ratios (OR) of 6.61 (95% CI: 4.43-9.83) for LHR and 4.76 (95% CI: 3.51-6.45) for NHR. Among MetS components, LHR was associated with low HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides, while NHR showed significant associations with central obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides. ROC analysis revealed moderate predictive capabilities for both indices, with areas under the curve of 0.60 for LHR and 0.61 for NHR.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that NHR and LHR are promising, easily obtainable hematological markers for predicting MetS. These indices could serve as valuable tools for early detection and ongoing monitoring in clinical settings, aiding in the prevention and management of MetS.

Background: Dyslipidemia plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the trends in lipid concentrations among Chinese participants with different blood glucose statuses-ranging from DM and prediabetes mellitus (pre-DM) to normal blood glucose levels-between 2011 and 2015. Additionally, this study sought to provide a comprehensive description of the potential temporal changes in the prevalence of dyslipidemia among these populations in China during this period.

Methods: The data for this study were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), encompassing two time points in 2011 and 2015. The 2011 data sample included 11,408 participants aged 45 years and above, whereas the 2015 data sample included 12,224 participants within the same age range.

Results: In this study, a comparative analysis of data from 2011 to 2015 revealed that individuals diagnosed with DM and pre-DM experienced significant decreases in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). For participants with pre-DM, the levels of residual cholesterol (RC) significantly increased, whereas the levels of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Among participants with normal blood glucose, there was a significant decrease in the levels of TC and LDL-C and a significant increase in the levels of triglycerides (TGs), RCs, and the AIP (P < 0.05). Between 2011 and 2015, the concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, RC, and AIP, both unadjusted and adjusted, were significantly higher in individuals with DM than in those with pre-DM and normal blood glucose, with the opposite being true for HDL-C. In 2015, the prevalence of dyslipidemia among participants with DM, pre-DM, and normal blood glucose was 36.56% (95% CI: 34.49%, 38.66%), 15.78% (95% CI: 14.93%, 16.67%), and 11.23% (95% CI: 10.17%, 12.36%), respectively. The results of the present study revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of dyslipidemia in urban areas between 2011 and 2015 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is greater among DM patients, particularly those in the 55-64 years age group. Notably, over the four-year observation period, lipid profiles improved among DM patients and pre-DM patients. However, TG levels remained elevated, especially in the 45-54 years age group.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most common metabolic liver diseases around the world, whose prevalence continues to increase. Currently, there are few medications to treat MASLD. Ergothioneine is a natural compound derived from mushrooms whose sulfhydryl groups confer unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects. Currently, research on the therapeutic effects of ergothioneine in MASLD is unknown. Therefore, this study explored the effect and mechanism of EGT in MASLD.

Methods: The ameliorative effects and mechanisms of ergothioneine on MASLD were evaluated using HFD mice and PA-treated AML12 cells. Mouse body weight, body fat, IPGTT, IPITT, immunohistochemistry, serum biochemical indices, and staining of liver sections were assayed to verify the protective role of ergothioneine in MASLD. RNA-seq was applied to explore the mechanism of action of ergothioneine. The role of ergothioneine in AML12 was confirmed by western blotting, qPCR, ELISA, Oil Red O staining, flow cytometry, and ROS assays. Subsequently, the 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) was subsequently used to confirm that ergothioneine alleviated MASLD by promoting autophagy.

Results: Ergothioneine reduced body weight, body fat and blood lipids, and improved insulin resistance and lipid and glycogen deposition in MASLD mice. Furthermore, ergothioneine was found to increase autophagy levels and attenuate oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. In contrast, intervention with 3-MA abrogated these effects, suggesting that ergothioneine ameliorated effects by promoting autophagy.

Conclusion: Ergothioneine may be a drug with great therapeutic potential for MASLD. Furthermore, this protective effect was mediated through the activation of autophagy.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a recognized contributor to stroke association, and the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a dependable indicator of IR. However, the specific connections between eGDR, stroke prevalence, and overall mortality have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine how eGDR correlates with stroke and overall death rate.

Methods: The study leveraged information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2016. To unravel the data, the team utilized logistic regression, cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) Sensitivity analyses excluded participants with a stroke history within the previous two years. Results were validated through analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Results: A higher eGDR is like a protective shield against strokes, with those in the top eGDR quartile exhibited a 60% reduction in stroke association (OR = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.22-0.73, P = 0.003). Additionally, a higher eGDR correlates with a lower overall death rate (HR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.52-0.98, P = 0.037), particularly in individuals without a history of stroke. RCS analysis demonstrated that eGDR's influence on stroke association follows a non-linear pattern. Subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of eGDR was stronger in non-diabetic and non-hypertensive individuals.

Conclusion: eGDR is inversely related to both stroke association and mortality, affirming its utility as a predictive marker of stroke.

Background: Cancer is a significant health challenge and the leading cause of mortality globally. Tumor cells use multiple mechanisms to acquire their distinctive capacity for uncontrolled proliferation, one of which is the evasion of apoptosis. It has been shown that in breast, colon, and liver cancer, evasion of apoptosis is associated with the overexpression of enzymes that metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) because free AA is a strong inducer of apoptosis. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (GPAT2) is a key enzyme in AA metabolism and is highly expressed in breast and colon cancer, where it promotes the development of essential tumor features.

Methods: In this work, a model of GPAT2 silencing in the human breast cancer-derived cell line MDA-MB-231 was used, and the cells were exposed to exogenous AA. The role of GPAT2 in AA-induced cell death was studied using MTT and TUNEL assays and measurements of caspase activity. The underlying molecular mechanism of cell death was assessed by qRT‒PCR.

Results: The results showed that AA reduced cell viability only in GPAT2-silenced cells, and that this cell death was a consequence of an apoptotic process involving BNIP3 overexpression. Additionally, it was demonstrated that GPAT2 silencing triggered a compensatory mechanism by overexpressing other genes involved in AA utilization for eicosanoid biosynthesis.

Conclusions: We concluded that GPAT2 expression is necessary to prevent AA-induced apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells and that the overexpression of other AA-metabolizing genes is not sufficient to compensate for the lack of GPAT2 and prevent apoptosis.

Background: The intake of dietary antioxidants and glycolipid metabolism are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly among individuals with abdominal obesity. Nevertheless, the cumulative effect of multiple comorbid risk factors on the progression and complications of CKD remains inadequately characterized.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dat abase (2005-2018), to examine potential factors related to CKD, including glycolipid metabolism, dietary antioxidant intake, and pertinent medical history. To explore the associations between these variables and CKD, the present study used a multivariable-adjusted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, along with a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Furthermore, an optimal predictive model was developed for CKD using ten machine learning algorithms and enhanced model interpretability with the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method.

Results: A cohort comprising 8,764 eligible individuals (52% male, including 1,839 CKD patients) with abdominal obesity aged 20-85 years were included. The findings revealed significant positive correlations in patients with abdominal obesity between the presence of CKD and age, a history of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, elevated lipid accumulation product (LAP) and triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) levels. Conversely, negative correlations were identified between CKD and variables such as sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). In parallel, RCS regression analysis revealed significant nonlinear associations between the CDAI, HDL-C, TyG-WC, and CKD among patients with abdominal obesity aged 60-80 years. The development of predictive models demonstrated that the CatBoost model surpassed other models, achieving an accuracy of 86.74% on the validation set. The model's area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and F1 score were 0.938 and 0.889, respectively. The SHAP values revealed that age was the most significant predictor, followed by diabetes history, hypertension, HDL-C levels, CDAI index, TyG-WC, and LAP.

Conclusion: CatBoost models, along with glycolipid metabolism indexes and dietary antioxidant intake, are effective for early CKD detection in patients with abdominal obesity.

Background: The ZJU index is an innovative computational method which integrates BMI, FBG, TG, and ALT to AST ratio. It strongly correlates with measures of lipid metabolism and glucose intolerance. No researches have yet explored the relationship between the ZJU index and sarcopenia.

Methods: We analyzed NHANES data from 2011 to 2018, dividing the ZJU index into quartiles. The association was investigated by adjusting for confounders using multivariable linear and logistic regression analysis. Results were visualized through RCS regression and threshold effect analyses. We conducted various subgroup and sensitivity analyses and plotted ROC curves to assess prediction efficacy, with the AUC as the measure of accuracy.

Results: As the ZJU index increases, the prevalence of sarcopenia also rises. Following the control of potential confounders via logistic regression analysis, our research identified a distinct relationship between the ZJU index and sarcopenia, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001), with higher ZJU index values associated with increased risk (OR = 12.40, 95% CI: 8.46-18.17). Interaction analysis suggests that the relationship between the ZJU index and the risk of developing sarcopenia varies significantly between males and females across different ZJU index levels. ROC analysis for the ZJU index shows an AUC of 0.749.

Conclusions: The ZJU index significantly correlates with a heightened risk of sarcopenia in Americans, suggesting its potential as a predictive marker for sarcopenia.

Background: Patients with betathalassemia have higher risk of various metabolic disturbances. The literature presents conflicting results about the patterns of abnormal lipid profile among patients with betathalassemia. This systematic review aimed to assess dyslipidemia patterns among patients with betathalassemia when compared with healthy individuals.

Methods: The methods used were adherent to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Systematic searches of the literature were done across Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Regional Portal of the World Health Organization Virtual Health Library. Calculation of standardized mean difference (SMD) estimates and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were done through Jamovi software.

Results: The systematic review included 21 studies meeting the criteria for the analyses. Patients with beta-thalassemia major displayed significantly elevated triglyceride levels (SMD: 0.448, 95% CI, 0.214 to 0.682; P < .001) and reduced total serum cholesterol (SMD: -2.26 (95% CI-2.834 to -1.678; P < .001), as well as decreased levels of both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: -1.88, 95% CI, -2.614 to -1.147; P < .001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: -1.32, 95% CI, -1.786 to -0.860; P < .001). Similarly, beta-thalassemia intermedia patients exhibited comparable lipid profile abnormalities to those with beta-thalassemia major. Conversely, beta-thalassemia minor patients only showed significantly lower total serum cholesterol levels (SMD: -0.66, 95% CI, -0.860 to -0.472; P < .001).

Conclusion: Evidence indicates alterations in lipid profile markers among beta-thalassemia patients. The findings indicate the importance of assessing hypertriglyceridemia and hypocholesterolemia in these patients, especially those with major and intermedia forms, as these lipid profile abnormalities increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.