With the advent of the digital computer it is becoming more and more common to simulate the operation of rather sophisticated communication systems on the computer. The performance of systems under various types of operating conditions may be evaluated quite readily and economically prior to actual field usage.
{"title":"Extremal statistics in computer simulation of digital communication systems","authors":"M. Schwartz, S. Richman","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468146","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of the digital computer it is becoming more and more common to simulate the operation of rather sophisticated communication systems on the computer. The performance of systems under various types of operating conditions may be evaluated quite readily and economically prior to actual field usage.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122149864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To the average person, a computer user is synonymous to a programmer. In fact, to the average programmer, a user is synonymous to a programmer. Information retrieval is an area in which the computer user is not--or, at least, should not be--required to be a programmer. This paper describes a real time information retrieval system which is at once highly accessible, relatively inexpensive, and simple enough to be used by nonprogrammers.
{"title":"DATAPLUS: a language for real time information retrieval from hierarchical data bases","authors":"N. Sinowitz","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468133","url":null,"abstract":"To the average person, a computer user is synonymous to a programmer. In fact, to the average programmer, a user is synonymous to a programmer. Information retrieval is an area in which the computer user is not--or, at least, should not be--required to be a programmer. This paper describes a real time information retrieval system which is at once highly accessible, relatively inexpensive, and simple enough to be used by nonprogrammers.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122367619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At System Development Corporation there is a conviction that one of the most plausible ways to make the cost of software decline is to build general-purpose software that is capable of solving a variety of problems. SDC's most successful effort in this field has been in the area of general-purpose data management. Our initial large-scale, time-shared data management system, TSS-LUCID, enabled the nonprogrammer to describe, load, query, and maintain a data base. In use for over two years, this system provided enough generality to solve such diverse problems as comparison of salary data in different segments of the aerospace industry, analysis of statistical data for a customer in the oil industry, and monitoring of public-supported cancer research projects. Currently being implemented on the IBM 360 family of computers is an improved, more powerful version called TDMS (Time-Shared Data Management System).
{"title":"Graphical data management in a time-shared environment","authors":"Sally Bowman, Richard A. Lickhalter","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468128","url":null,"abstract":"At System Development Corporation there is a conviction that one of the most plausible ways to make the cost of software decline is to build general-purpose software that is capable of solving a variety of problems. SDC's most successful effort in this field has been in the area of general-purpose data management. Our initial large-scale, time-shared data management system, TSS-LUCID, enabled the nonprogrammer to describe, load, query, and maintain a data base. In use for over two years, this system provided enough generality to solve such diverse problems as comparison of salary data in different segments of the aerospace industry, analysis of statistical data for a customer in the oil industry, and monitoring of public-supported cancer research projects. Currently being implemented on the IBM 360 family of computers is an improved, more powerful version called TDMS (Time-Shared Data Management System).","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a formal definition of PL/I which has been produced by a group in the IBM Vienna Laboratory. The paper contains the outlines of the method rather than details of PL/I. The definition currently exists as a Technical Report "Formal Definition of PL/I" which contains the abstract syntax and the semantics for PL/I program text. A second version of this Technical Report is under preparation and will complete the description of PL/I in these areas where the first version omitted language features, or showed major deviations from the current language. The language described in the Report is PL/I as specified in the PL/I Language Specifications of the IBM Systems Reference Library, supplemented by additional information.
{"title":"On the formal definition of PL/I","authors":"K. Bandat","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468130","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a formal definition of PL/I which has been produced by a group in the IBM Vienna Laboratory. The paper contains the outlines of the method rather than details of PL/I. The definition currently exists as a Technical Report \"Formal Definition of PL/I\" which contains the abstract syntax and the semantics for PL/I program text. A second version of this Technical Report is under preparation and will complete the description of PL/I in these areas where the first version omitted language features, or showed major deviations from the current language. The language described in the Report is PL/I as specified in the PL/I Language Specifications of the IBM Systems Reference Library, supplemented by additional information.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114332343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The principal dependencies of neurophysiologists upon the computer are for data collection and analysis, experimental control, and the development of theoretical models. One possible system providing these functions is one that allows several investigators to on-line time-share a moderate sized digital computer capable of performing input, output, and computational functions in a simple interpretive language that is easy to understand and use in a fast decision experimental environment. A community of neurophysiologists in the UCLA Brain Research Institute share such a computer in its data processing laboratory (DPL) by means of remote console stations in the investigators' laboratories connected to the DPL by a direct cabling system. A larger computer facility, available to a larger community of health scientists, is used for batch processing where problems do not need continuous interaction with the investigator for on-line control or analysis, or do need greater computational capability. The two facilities possess compatible I/O formats, thus making some problems soluable by the combination of both computers, and giving other problems the flexibility of either approach. Essentially the DPL is a multiprocessing system with an emphasis on I/O functions and an interpretive system appropriate for neurophysiological investigation and with some unique solutions to resource allocation and system integrity in its temporal-spatial (core) algorithm. The economic advantage of such a system is not argued, nor is CPU economy necessarily maximized with present use, though from the standpoint of I/O devices which are so important for such research, a central facility may possess some advantages. Reliability and demands of time-critical users must be realistically estimated for neurophysiological users for whom the on-line aspect may be with reference to the integrity of their experiments.
{"title":"An on-line multiprocessing interactive computer system for neurophysiological investigations","authors":"F. Abraham, L. Betyar, R. Johnston","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468127","url":null,"abstract":"The principal dependencies of neurophysiologists upon the computer are for data collection and analysis, experimental control, and the development of theoretical models. One possible system providing these functions is one that allows several investigators to on-line time-share a moderate sized digital computer capable of performing input, output, and computational functions in a simple interpretive language that is easy to understand and use in a fast decision experimental environment. A community of neurophysiologists in the UCLA Brain Research Institute share such a computer in its data processing laboratory (DPL) by means of remote console stations in the investigators' laboratories connected to the DPL by a direct cabling system. A larger computer facility, available to a larger community of health scientists, is used for batch processing where problems do not need continuous interaction with the investigator for on-line control or analysis, or do need greater computational capability. The two facilities possess compatible I/O formats, thus making some problems soluable by the combination of both computers, and giving other problems the flexibility of either approach. Essentially the DPL is a multiprocessing system with an emphasis on I/O functions and an interpretive system appropriate for neurophysiological investigation and with some unique solutions to resource allocation and system integrity in its temporal-spatial (core) algorithm. The economic advantage of such a system is not argued, nor is CPU economy necessarily maximized with present use, though from the standpoint of I/O devices which are so important for such research, a central facility may possess some advantages. Reliability and demands of time-critical users must be realistically estimated for neurophysiological users for whom the on-line aspect may be with reference to the integrity of their experiments.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125392883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the growth of computational facilities in the U.S. from the end of 1961 to September of 1967, exploring the dynamics of the growth process and attempting to link it to specific market events. The dynamics of supply and demand for general purpose computational capability points to many problems for both producer and user. This paper considers one of these pertinent to the ordering policy and planning of the firm seeking to acquire EDP equipment for, say, systems conversion; the delivery lag, or average time between equipment orders and delivery. This lag is studied and estimated using two separate empirical models.
{"title":"Computer capacity trends and order-delivery lags, 1961--1967","authors":"M. Ballot, K. Knight","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468142","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the growth of computational facilities in the U.S. from the end of 1961 to September of 1967, exploring the dynamics of the growth process and attempting to link it to specific market events. The dynamics of supply and demand for general purpose computational capability points to many problems for both producer and user. This paper considers one of these pertinent to the ordering policy and planning of the firm seeking to acquire EDP equipment for, say, systems conversion; the delivery lag, or average time between equipment orders and delivery. This lag is studied and estimated using two separate empirical models.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129467927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a maze of diagnostic techniques in use today: Diagnostic Programs, Micro Programs, Test Panels, On-Line Diagnostics, Error Recording Techniques, Automatic Recovery Procedures; and the list goes on. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the basic concepts applicable to Error Detection and diagnosis, in order to put into perspective the value of the various techniques for satisfying future requirements.
{"title":"Diagnostic engineering requirements","authors":"John J. Dent","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468149","url":null,"abstract":"There is a maze of diagnostic techniques in use today: Diagnostic Programs, Micro Programs, Test Panels, On-Line Diagnostics, Error Recording Techniques, Automatic Recovery Procedures; and the list goes on. The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the basic concepts applicable to Error Detection and diagnosis, in order to put into perspective the value of the various techniques for satisfying future requirements.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132499079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The engineer or scientist concerned with the mathematical description of physical systems is continually faced with nonlinear formulations. The nonlinearity may be represented in the form of a differential equation representing process or system dynamics. On the other hand, nonlinear control element characteristics such as hysteresis, saturation, backlash, or nonlinear damping, whose mathematical description is algebraic, may appear. In many instances the mathematical formulation for system description may become so unwieldy that an analytical solution is either impractical or impossible. It is particularly in situations like these that digital simulation has become an invaluable tool.
{"title":"Improved techniques for digital modeling and simulation of nonlinear systems","authors":"J. Rosko","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468145","url":null,"abstract":"The engineer or scientist concerned with the mathematical description of physical systems is continually faced with nonlinear formulations. The nonlinearity may be represented in the form of a differential equation representing process or system dynamics. On the other hand, nonlinear control element characteristics such as hysteresis, saturation, backlash, or nonlinear damping, whose mathematical description is algebraic, may appear. In many instances the mathematical formulation for system description may become so unwieldy that an analytical solution is either impractical or impossible. It is particularly in situations like these that digital simulation has become an invaluable tool.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133893333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years significant effort has been devoted to the development of techniques for realizing computer systems for which a significant problem of design arises from the unreliability of components and assembly as well as from special constraints on construction and operation. Examples of such systems are computers for aerospace missions and on-line process control.
{"title":"A study of the data commutation problems in a self-repairable multiprocessor","authors":"K. Levitt, Milton W. Green, J. Goldberg","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468151","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years significant effort has been devoted to the development of techniques for realizing computer systems for which a significant problem of design arises from the unreliability of components and assembly as well as from special constraints on construction and operation. Examples of such systems are computers for aerospace missions and on-line process control.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127401419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A single processor's performance is limited by its organizational efficiency and the technology available. Paralleling of processors and/or improving the organizational efficiency are the ways of obtaining greater performance with a given technology. Much research has been done on multiple processors and single processors which perform operations on vectors in parallel.
{"title":"A fourth-generation computer organization","authors":"S. Lass","doi":"10.1145/1468075.1468139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1468075.1468139","url":null,"abstract":"A single processor's performance is limited by its organizational efficiency and the technology available. Paralleling of processors and/or improving the organizational efficiency are the ways of obtaining greater performance with a given technology. Much research has been done on multiple processors and single processors which perform operations on vectors in parallel.","PeriodicalId":180876,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the April 30--May 2, 1968, spring joint computer conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131465281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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