Magnetohydrodynamics最新文献

英文中文

Systematic review and meta-analysis: Efficacy and safety of balloon angioplasty in salvaging non-matured arteriovenous fistulas. 系统回顾和荟萃分析：球囊血管成形术在挽救未成熟动静脉瘘方面的有效性和安全性。

4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221085440

Pong Kanchanasuttirak, Wacharaphong Pitaksantayothin, Wuttichai Saengprakai, Burapa Kanchanabat

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and technical success rates achieved after performing balloon-assisted maturation (BAM) for non-matured arteriovenous fistula (AVF). For this, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies regarding AVFs not suitable for use based on clinical examination or ultrasound criteria and BAM use for correcting the underlying stenotic lesion were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Accordingly, 13 studies with 1427 patients with non-matured AVF who underwent BAM were included. The pooled random effect for the clinical success rate was 90% (95% CI, 86%-93%), and that for the technical success rate was 97% (95% CI, 94%-99%). Complications after BAM were reported in 1.7%-41% of the patients. Complications included venous ruptures, wall hematomas, and puncture site hematomas. Early-BAM group had better clinical success rates. BAM is an effective intervention for salvaging non-matured AVF. The procedure is safe and feasible, and high clinical and technical success rates can be achieved. The complications were also manageable without serious sequelae.

本研究旨在评估对非成熟性动静脉瘘（AVF）实施球囊辅助成熟（BAM）术后的临床和技术成功率。为此，我们检索了 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库，进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。根据临床检查或超声检查标准不适合使用的动静脉瘘，以及使用 BAM 矫正潜在狭窄病变的研究符合纳入荟萃分析的条件。因此，13 项研究共纳入了 1427 名接受 BAM 的未成熟动静脉瘘患者。汇总随机效应的临床成功率为 90%（95% CI，86%-93%），技术成功率为 97%（95% CI，94%-99%）。据报道，1.7%-41%的患者在 BAM 术后出现并发症。并发症包括静脉破裂、血管壁血肿和穿刺部位血肿。早期 BAM 组的临床成功率更高。BAM 是挽救未成熟动静脉瘘的有效干预措施。该手术安全可行，临床和技术成功率高。并发症也可控，不会产生严重后遗症。

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引用次数: 1

Numerical and experimental study of electrovortex flow and temperature field in liquid metal with bifilar power supply 双线电源下金属液态电涡流流场及温度场的数值与实验研究

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.7

Controlling of electrovortex flows of liquid metal in a confined vessel is an essential feature of electrometallurgical technologies and aggregates, such as stirring, welding, electroslag remelting, electrical arc furnaces, etc. In the present study, the numerical model developed by the authors in previous studies has been improved to compute turbulent velocity and temperature fields for electrovortex flows of liquid metal in an experimental setup with the bifilar direct current supply over two fully submerged electrodes. Melt velocity and temperature fields were measured by applying a thermal-correlation method. The measured and computed results were compared. A good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the experimentally obtained data and the numerical computation results for the velocity field in several setup zones was found. Tables 2, Figs 8, Refs 16.

控制密闭容器内液态金属的电涡流流动是电冶金技术和集合体的一个基本特征，如搅拌、焊接、电渣重熔、电弧炉等。在本研究中，作者改进了以前的研究中建立的数值模型，以计算在两个完全浸没电极上双路直流供电的实验装置中液态金属电涡流的湍流速度和温度场。采用热相关法测量了熔体速度场和温度场。对实测结果和计算结果进行了比较。实验数据与数值计算结果在定性和定量上都很好地吻合。表2，图8，参考文献16。

引用次数: 0

Experimental cavitation investigation of the electromagnetic PbBi pump with rotating permanent magnets 旋转永磁体电磁PbBi泵的空化实验研究

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.21

Electromagnetic induction pumps with rotating permanent magnets (EMP) are used mostly in experimental setups, where operation safety and reliability are crucial. Such pumps can face flow parameter decrease when operating at a low inlet pressure compared with those gained at higher inlet pressure values. The pump's developed flow rate increase does not correspond to the magnetic rotor rotation rate increase at the lower inlet pressure caused by the cavitation process at the pumpâs inlet tract. The study focuses on critical cavitation numbers at several inlet tract sections under severe cavitation conditions which prevent the flow rate increase. The current study is an experimental approach to characterize the pump operation parameters using cavitation numbers and comparing them with the literature data. Figs 7, Refs 13.

带有旋转永磁体（EMP）的电磁感应泵主要用于实验装置，其中操作安全性和可靠性至关重要。与在较高入口压力值下获得的泵相比，当在较低入口压力下操作时，这种泵可能面临流量参数降低。泵的流速增加与泵入口通道的空化过程导致的较低入口压力下的磁转子转速增加不一致。研究的重点是在防止流速增加的严重空化条件下，几个进气道截面的临界空化数。目前的研究是一种利用空化数表征泵运行参数并将其与文献数据进行比较的实验方法。图7，参考文献13。

引用次数: 0

Research progress on the seed plasma disk magnetohydrodynamic generator 种子等离子体磁盘磁流体发生器的研究进展

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.22

To fully and clearly understand the development status and key research problems of the seed plasma disk magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator, this study reviews the development process of the seed plasma disk MHD generator. The development of the disk MHD generator has experienced the stages of suppressing the ionization instability of nonequilibrium plasma, revealing the characteristics of stable nonequilibrium plasma based on the concept of seed full ionization, and proving the high performance of the disk MHD generator. At present, there are attempts to use a small area ratio disk MHD generator to obtain a high entropy efficiency at a high enthalpy extraction rate with cesium added inert gas as the working fluid. Moreover, the research progress is described from two aspects of numerical simulation and experimental research, and the key technologies and problems to be solved and the development prospects of the seed plasma disk MHD generator are analysed. It is shown that the future theoretical research still will be focused on the generation and ionization process of nonequilibrium plasma. The key technology in the future is still aimed to obtain high-quality, uniform and stable non-equilibrium plasma. Therefore, in the future, it is expected to become a high-power static power supply with a compact structure and high-power conversion efficiency. Tables 2, Figs 9, Refs 153.

为了全面、清晰地了解种子等离子体磁盘磁流体动力学（MHD）发生器的发展现状和关键研究问题，本研究回顾了种子等离子体磁盘MHD发生器的发展过程。磁盘磁流体动力学发生器的发展经历了抑制非平衡等离子体电离不稳定性的阶段，揭示了基于种子全电离概念的稳定非平衡等离子体的特性，证明了磁盘磁流体力学发生器的高性能。目前，有人试图使用小面积比圆盘MHD发生器，以在添加铯的惰性气体作为工作流体的高焓提取速率下获得高熵效率。此外，从数值模拟和实验研究两个方面介绍了研究进展，分析了种子等离子体磁盘磁流体发生器的关键技术和需要解决的问题以及发展前景。结果表明，未来的理论研究仍将集中在非平衡等离子体的产生和电离过程上。未来的关键技术仍然是获得高质量、均匀、稳定的非平衡等离子体。因此，在未来，它有望成为一种结构紧凑、转换效率高的大功率静态电源。表2，图9，参考文献153。

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引用次数: 0

Development of advanced cold crucible melting of titanium alloys 先进钛合金冷坩埚熔炼技术的发展

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.2

Cold crucible is used to melt reactive metal scrap at elevated temperatures for high quality castings or to produce spherical powders for additive manufacturing. The most advanced crucibles have a small exit nozzle to pour the molten alloy through the bottom opening protected by graphite or ceramic material. The nozzle operates at high temperature and typically lasts several minutes, possibly adding contamination to the outflowing liquid metal. This paper presents new efforts to improve the technique with the aim to achieve a stable commercial process by introducing melting of scrap metal in the presence of liquid flux of different compositions to purify the liquid metal and to enhance thermal effectiveness. The crucial modification in avoiding contamination is a new type of the non-consumable nozzle made of copper segments and the second coil to supply a high frequency electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the nozzle. The nozzle entrance is protected by a thin solidified layer of the same alloy as the main melt. The AC electromagnetic field adds heating at the outflow, modifies the velocity field, gives a possibility to extract particles, and precludes entrainment of slag into the final casting or into the produced powder. The electromagnetic force permits to control the outflow rate and to increase the superheat of the metal at the outlet. The presence of flux permits shielding of the liquid metal from direct contact with the water-cooled side segments of the crucible. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of numerical modelling to predict and investigate a variety of options in advancement of the cold crucible technique. Figs 8, Refs 13.

冷坩埚用于在高温下熔化活性金属废料，以获得高质量的铸件或生产用于增材制造的球形粉末。最先进的坩埚有一个小的出口喷嘴，通过石墨或陶瓷材料保护的底部开口浇注熔融合金。喷嘴在高温下工作，通常持续几分钟，可能会给流出的液态金属增加污染。本文提出了改进该技术的新努力，目的是通过引入不同成分的液体助熔剂来净化液态金属并提高热效率，从而实现稳定的商业过程。避免污染的关键改进是采用一种新型的非消耗性喷嘴，该喷嘴由铜片和在喷嘴附近提供高频电磁场的第二线圈组成。喷嘴入口由与主熔体相同的合金的薄凝固层保护。交流电磁场增加了出口的加热，改变了速度场，提供了提取颗粒的可能性，并防止了渣带进最终铸件或生产的粉末中。电磁力允许控制流出速度，并增加出口金属的过热度。熔剂的存在使液态金属不与坩埚的水冷侧段直接接触。本文论证了数值模拟在预测和研究冷坩埚技术发展的各种选择方面的有效性。图8，参考文献13。

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引用次数: 0

Single dipole permanent magnet induction pump for liquid metals 用于液态金属的单偶极永磁感应泵

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.10

Electromagnetic liquid metal induction pumps can be used in different technological processes, such as dosing, mixing, crystallization and others. Contactless devices are of special importance in metallurgical processes because high temperature metals are chemically aggressive and erode most materials over time. Additionally, induction pumps with permanent magnets are more efficient and cheaper than AC electromagnetic induction alternatives, thus allowing for a wider application range. A single dipole permanent magnet rotor magnetized perpendicular to the axis of rotation induces a travelling magnetic field and is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the liquid metal pump. Non-dimensional parameters are analysed to upscale the experimental results to an industrial size dispenser. Tables 1, Figs 6, Refs 9.

电磁液态金属感应泵可用于不同的工艺过程，如配料、混合、结晶等。非接触式设备在冶金过程中具有特殊的重要性，因为高温金属具有化学侵蚀性，并随着时间的推移侵蚀大多数材料。此外，带有永磁体的感应泵比交流电磁感应替代品更高效、更便宜，因此具有更广泛的应用范围。垂直于旋转轴磁化的单个偶极永磁体转子感应出移动磁场，并用于证明液态金属泵的有效性。对无量纲参数进行了分析，以将实验结果升级为工业尺寸的分配器。表1，图6，参考文献9。

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of liquid metal layer in transverse AC magnetic field 横向交流磁场下液态金属层动力学

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.15

Dynamics of the liquid metal free surface is an important aspect in many different metallurgical processes, such as cold crucible melting and continuous casting. An AC magnetic field can be used to change the shape of the liquid metal volume. Here, we study experimentally and numerically a rectangular liquid metal layer exposed to a transverse AC magnetic field. Depending on different parameters, such as the layer thickness and the surface oxidation, different free surface shapes and their dynamics are observed experimentally. We have simulated this fundamentally three-dimensional process using the coupled open-source software. Based on experimental observations, surface oxidation in the numerical model is approximated as a modified contact angle between the liquid metal and the vessel's walls. The numerical results agree well with experiments. Figs 6, Refs 8.

液态金属自由表面动力学是许多不同冶金过程中的一个重要方面，如冷坩埚熔化和连铸。交流磁场可以用来改变液态金属体积的形状。本文对暴露在横向交流磁场下的矩形液态金属层进行了实验和数值研究。根据不同的参数，如层厚度和表面氧化，实验观察到不同的自由表面形状及其动力学。我们用耦合的开源软件模拟了这个基本的三维过程。基于实验观察，数值模型中的表面氧化近似为液态金属与容器壁之间的修正接触角。数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。图6，参考文献8。

引用次数: 0

Real time flow control during continuous casting with Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography 用非接触感应流层析成像技术实时控制连铸过程中的流量

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.17

Lack of appropriate flow measurement techniques for liquid steel during continuous casting limits the application of control strategies that could improve the quality of the end product. Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography (CIFT) is a promising measurement technique that can provide information about the flow structure in the mould to a real time controller. On this basis, electromagnetic actuators can be used to react on undesired flow conditions in the mould. However, because of their nature, these actuators pose a significant challenge for inductive measurement methods. In this work we describe the influence of an electromagnetic brake on CIFT in a laboratory environment. We also show how this influence can be fully compensated, which facilitates the viability of CIFT as a key ingredient of real time control of continuous casting. Figs 5, Refs 15.

在连铸过程中，缺乏适当的钢液流量测量技术，限制了可以提高最终产品质量的控制策略的应用。非接触式感应流动层析成像(CIFT)是一种很有前途的测量技术，它可以向实时控制器提供有关结晶器内流动结构的信息。在此基础上，电磁执行器可用于对模具中不期望的流动条件作出反应。然而，由于它们的性质，这些致动器对电感测量方法提出了重大挑战。在这项工作中，我们描述了电磁制动对实验室环境中CIFT的影响。我们还展示了如何完全补偿这种影响，这有助于CIFT作为连铸实时控制的关键因素的可行性。图5，参考文献15。

引用次数: 2

Growth rate of azimuthal perturbation modes in an ideal annular linear induction pump 理想环形线性感应泵中方位微扰模式的生长速率

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.19

This study is aimed at investigating the growth rate of azimuthal perturbation modes in an ideal annular linear induction pump model. The positive growth rate of azimuthal perturbation modes is associated with the unstable behaviour of the annular linear induction pump and is known in the literature as MHD instability characterized by strong low-frequency oscillations of magnetic field, flowrate, and pressure. A linear stability analysis of a height-averaged quasi-stationary main flow in the ideal annular linear induction pump has been conducted, where only temporally evolving azimuthal modes of the axial velocity and magnetic field perturbations were considered. The obtained results predict damped or damped oscillating perturbations in a stable regime as a function of Rm, Rms, N and κm. In the studied parameter range, an amplification of perturbations without oscillations was observed above the instability threshold. It can be concluded that the analysed model of the ideal annular linear induction pump cannot predict experimentally and numerically the observed low frequency oscillations. Figs 4, Refs 17.

本文研究了理想环形线性感应泵模型中方位微扰模的增长速率。方位角扰动模式的正增长速率与环形线性感应泵的不稳定行为有关，在文献中被称为MHD不稳定性，其特征是磁场、流量和压力的强烈低频振荡。在只考虑轴向速度和磁场扰动随时间变化的方位角模态的情况下，对理想环形线性感应泵中高度平均准平稳主流进行了线性稳定性分析。所得结果预测了稳定状态下阻尼或阻尼振荡扰动是Rm, Rms, N和κm的函数。在研究的参数范围内，在不稳定阈值以上观察到无振荡的扰动放大。结果表明，所分析的理想环形线性感应泵的模型不能对观测到的低频振荡进行实验和数值预测。图4，参考文献17。

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of using contactless electromagnetic cavitation for steel composite manufacturing 采用非接触电磁空化技术制造钢复合材料的可行性

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 MECHANICS

Magnetohydrodynamics

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.5

This work investigates the feasibility of using contactless electromagnetic sonication for dispersing and refining the strengthening phase in iron and steel for ferrous metal matrix composite production. An oscillating pressure field is generated under superimposed alternating (0.13 T) and steady magnetic fields (up to 8 T). The processing employs a static floating-zone technique and is crucible-free. This approach allows to reach an around 0.8 MPa pressure oscillation amplitude that is sufficient to initiate acoustic cavitation in high melting temperature liquid metals. The viability of different reinforcement dispersions, both ex situ and in situ using this electromagnetic sonication, is explored in the context of the production of oxide dispersion strengthened steel and high modulus steel. Figs 3, Refs 9.

本工作研究了使用非接触电磁超声处理分散和精炼钢铁中强化相的可行性，用于生产铁基金属基复合材料。在叠加的交变磁场（0.13 T）和稳定磁场（高达8 T）下产生振荡压力场。该工艺采用静态浮动区技术，无坩埚。这种方法允许达到大约0.8MPa的压力振荡振幅，该振幅足以在高熔融温度的液态金属中引发声空化。在生产氧化物分散强化钢和高模量钢的背景下，探索了使用这种电磁超声处理的不同补强分散体的可行性，包括非原位和原位。图3，参考文献9。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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