Malawi Medical Journal最新文献_第10页

Effect of an educational programme on critical care nurses' competence at two tertiary hospitals in Malawi 教育方案对马拉维两家三级医院重症监护护士能力的影响

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i4.3

Rodwell Gundo, Beatrice Gundo, E. Chirwa, A. Dickinson, Gael Mearns

Background Critical care specialty deals with the complex needs of critically ill patients. Nurses who provide critical care are expected to possess the appropriate knowledge and skills required for the care of critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational programme on the competence of critical care nurses at two tertiary hospitals in Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi. Methods A quantitative pre- and post-test design was applied. The training programme was delivered to nurses (n = 41) who worked in intensive care and adult high dependency units at two tertiary hospitals. The effect of the training was assessed through participants' self-assessment of competence on the Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale and a list of 10 additional competencies before and after the training. Results The participants' scores on the Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale before the training, M = 608.2, SD = 59.6 increased significantly after the training, M = 684.7, SD = 29.7, p <.0001 (two-tailed). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the participants' scores on the additional competencies after the training, p <.0001 (two-tailed). Conclusion The programme could be used for upskilling nurses in critical care settings in Malawi and other developing countries with a similar context.

背景重症监护专业处理危重病人的复杂需求。提供重症护理的护士应具备护理重症患者所需的适当知识和技能。本研究的目的是评估教育计划对马拉维利隆圭和布兰太尔两家三级医院重症监护护士能力的影响。方法采用定量试验前后设计。培训方案提供给了在两家三级医院重症监护室和成人高依赖病房工作的护士（n=41）。通过参与者在重症监护和危重症护理能力量表上的能力自我评估以及培训前后的10项额外能力清单，评估了培训的效果。结果参与者在培训前的重症监护和危重症护理能力量表上的得分，M=608.2，SD=59.6，在培训后显著增加，M=684.7，SD=29.7，p<.0001（双尾）。同样，在训练后，参与者在额外能力方面的得分显著增加，p<.0001（双尾）。结论该方案可用于提高马拉维和其他具有类似背景的发展中国家重症监护环境中护士的技能。

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引用次数: 3

D-dimer/Fibrinogen ratio and recurrent exacerbations might have a potential impact to predict 90-day mortality in patients with COPD exacerbation d -二聚体/纤维蛋白原比值和复发性加重可能对预测COPD加重患者90天死亡率有潜在影响

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i4.8

C. Aydın, B. Yıldız, Didem Gorgun Hattatoglu

Background According to the World Health Organisation reports (WHO), COPD is the third leading cause of overall in the World by 2020. Aim We aimed to determine the prognostic predictors of 90-day mortality after an initial exacerbation in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). Results Increased Charlson Comorbidity Score(CCS) (HR:1.47; p<0.05), readmission after initial exacerbation (HR:1.47; p<0.05) were predictive risk factors for 30-day mortality in multivariable regression model. The 90-day mortality rate was %11.8. Hypertension, increased median age, nutrition risk score (NRS), CCS, CAT score, and mMRC 4th level were possible risk factors for 90-day mortality. There was a significant difference in the mortality of patients with D-dimer/Fibrinogen ratios>0.11 and ≤0.11 (HR:2.47; p<0.05). Recurrent exacerbations after discharge were predictive risk factors for 90-day mortality in the multivariable regression model (HR:2.25; p<0.001) with the increased mortality risk 4.73 times (HR:4.73; p=0.002). Furthermore, a 1-unit increment of acute exacerbation increased the mortality risk 3.39 times (HR:3.39; p<0.001). Conclusion Our study showed that D-dimer/Fibrinogen ratio but not D-dimer and recurrent exacerbations after discharge might have a critical impact on 90-day mortality.

背景根据世界卫生组织（世界卫生组织）的报告，到2020年，慢性阻塞性肺病是全球第三大主要病因。目的我们旨在确定COPD急性加重期（AECOPD）患者初次加重后90天死亡率的预后预测因素。结果Charlson合并症评分（CCS）升高（HR:1.47；p0.11且≤0.11（HR:2.47；p＜0.05）。在多变量回归模型中，出院后复发性加重是90天死亡率的预测危险因素（HR:2.25；p＜0.001），死亡率增加4.73倍（HR:4.73；p＝0.002）。此外，急性加重增加1个单位，死亡率增加3.39倍（HR:3.39；p<0.001）。

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引用次数: 2

Knowledge, Practices and Use of Contact Lenses Among University Students in Turkey 土耳其大学生隐形眼镜的知识、实践和使用情况

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i4.5

Hamide Zengin, S. Y. Çaka, Elif Erbay Özdede, I. Tatar, N. Çınar

Aim This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of contact lens (CL) use among university students, their awareness on CL, and CL users' practices for the cleaning and care of CLs. Methods The data of this cross-sectional study were collected between April 2019 and July 2019. The sample consisted of university students who volunteered to participate in the study. The data obtained from the study were evaluated by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 22.0 package program in computer environment. Results 929 students participated in the study and the average age of them was 21.99±1.85 years (Min. 18 – Max. 24), and it was determined that 36.6% (n=340) of the participants were male, 10.2% (n=95) of the total were using CL, 91.6% (n=87) of them used CL due to visual impairment. When students' levels of knowledge about the hygiene and care in CL use were examined 85.4% (n=82) washed their hands before wearing/removing CL, 85.3% (n=81) cleaned the lens container and filled it with new solution when the solution in the container was reduced, 18.5% (n=17) continued wearing CL while sleeping, 6.5% (n=6) washed CL with tap water, and 28.3% (n=26) of them stated that they swam in the sea with CL. It was determined that the prevalence of CL use was higher (p= .045) among smoking students. Conclusion Health professionals are important in the trainings to be given to increase the students' knowledge of hygiene and care regarding the use of CL. More studies are needed on the effect of smoking status on CL use.

目的本研究旨在了解大学生隐形眼镜的使用情况、佩戴者对隐形眼镜的认知以及佩戴者对隐形眼镜的清洁和护理情况。方法本横断面研究的数据采集时间为2019年4月至2019年7月。样本由自愿参加这项研究的大学生组成。本研究获得的数据在计算机环境下使用SPSS 22.0软件包程序进行评估。结果共有929名学生参与研究，平均年龄21.99±1.85岁(Min. 18 ~ Max. 24)，其中36.6% (n=340)为男性，10.2% (n=95)为使用CL，其中91.6% (n=87)为因视力障碍而使用CL。85.4% (n=82)的学生在佩戴/取下隐形眼镜前洗手，85.3% (n=81)的学生在镜片容器内溶液减少后清洗镜片容器并倒入新的溶液，18.5% (n=17)的学生在睡觉时继续佩戴隐形眼镜，6.5% (n=6)的学生用自来水冲洗隐形眼镜，28.3% (n=26)的学生表示曾带着隐形眼镜下海游泳。结果表明，吸烟学生使用氯胺酮的比例较高(p= 0.045)。结论卫生专业人员是提高学生使用氯胺酮的卫生和护理知识的重要培训对象。吸烟状况对氯代酚使用的影响还需要更多的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation - Cycling Treatment in Children with Cerebral Palsy 功能性电刺激循环治疗小儿脑瘫的疗效观察

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i3.1

Natalya Özen, E. Unlu, Ozgur Zeliha Karaahmet, E. Gurcay, I. Gundogdu, E. Umay

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) bicycle therapy system on motor function, gait pattern, spasticity, daily living activities, and aerobic capacity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare the results with sham stimulation and standard treatment. Methods Patients with cerebral palsy who received botulinum toxin type-A injections to lower extremities and those with Gross Motor Function Measure Classification System (GMFCS) levels I – III, were included in the study. Twenty-five patients were randomly assigned into three treatment groups for 4-weeks: Group 1, FES-cycling and standard treatment; Group 2, Sham stimulus FES-cycling and standard treatment; Group 3, Standard treatment. Clinical assessment tools included the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS), Pediatric Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM), GMFCS, Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), selective motor control tests, 6-minute walk test, and Visual Gait Analysis (VGA). Results In all groups, there were significant improvements in MAS, MTS, WeeFIM, GMFM-88, 6-minute walk test, and VGA scores. No changes in GMFCS levels were observed in any group. At the end of the study, there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of any clinical assessment parameter. Conclusions All groups showed statistically significant improvements in motor function, walking pattern, spasticity, daily living activities, and aerobic capacity in patients with CP following the rehabilitation period. Although FES-cycling demonstrated no superiority over the other approaches and provided no additional benefit to the results, FES appears to be safe and well-tolerated in children with CP, at least as much as standard exercise treatment.

目的评价功能性电刺激（FES）自行车治疗系统对脑瘫（CP）儿童运动功能、步态、痉挛、日常生活活动和有氧能力的影响，并与假刺激和标准治疗进行比较。方法将接受A型肉毒杆菌毒素下肢注射的脑瘫患者和具有总运动功能测量分类系统（GMFCS）I–III级的脑瘫患者纳入研究。25名患者被随机分为三个治疗组，为期4周：第一组，FES循环和标准治疗；第2组，Sham刺激FES循环和标准治疗；第3组，标准治疗。临床评估工具包括改良Ashworth量表（MAS）、改良Tardieu量表（MTS）、儿科功能独立性测量（WeeFIM）、GMFCS、总运动功能测量-88（GMFM-88）、选择性运动控制测试、6分钟步行测试和视觉步态分析（VGA）。结果各组MAS、MTS、WeeFIM、GMFM-88、6分钟步行测试和VGA评分均有显著改善。在任何一组中均未观察到GMFCS水平的变化。研究结束时，各组在任何临床评估参数方面均无显著差异。结论康复期后，各组CP患者的运动功能、行走方式、痉挛状态、日常生活活动和有氧能力均有统计学意义的改善。尽管FES循环没有显示出优于其他方法的优势，也没有为结果提供额外的益处，但FES在CP儿童中似乎是安全和耐受性良好的，至少与标准运动治疗一样。

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引用次数: 5

Timed Average Mean Maximum Velocity (TAMMV) of Cerebral Blood Flow of Children and Adolescents with Sickle cell Disease: correlation with clinical and hematological profiles in country 儿童和青少年镰状细胞病脑血流时间平均最大流速(tammm):与国家临床和血液学特征的相关性

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i3.4

B. Chukwu, Lyra Menezes, T. Fukuda, J. Filho, Marilda S Gonçalves

Background Detection of abnormal TAMMV with transcranial Doppler is fundamental in primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The study aimed at evaluating TAMMV and correlating it with clinical and hematological profiles of children and adolescent with SCD. Methods Transcranial Doppler was performed on subjects aged 2–16 years, using a 2 MHz probe placed over the transtemporal windows. Pulse oximetry was used to determine the peripheral oxygen saturation while clinical and hematological profiles were retrieved from their medical records. Results One hundred and thirty five patients were recruited. The mean TAMMV was 125cm/s. Patients with HbSS had a significantly higher TAMMV (131cm/s) than those with HbSC (107cm/s). Only one (0.74%) patient had abnormal TAMMV. TAMMV correlated inversely with oxygen saturation, Hct and patient's age, and positively with white cell and platelet counts. Previous history of acute chest syndrome (ACS) and recurrent painful crises increased the risk of development of abnormal and conditional velocity. Conclusion Frequency of abnormal TAMMV in this study was low. Younger children and those with HbSS had higher TAMMV. Age, oxygen saturation and haematocrit correlated negatively while white cell and platelet counts correlated positively with TAMMV. Previous history of ACS and recurrent bone pain were associated with increased risk of having abnormal and conditional TAMMV.

背景:经颅多普勒检测异常tammm是预防儿童镰状细胞病(SCD)初级卒中的基础。该研究旨在评估tammm，并将其与儿童和青少年SCD的临床和血液学特征联系起来。方法采用经颅多普勒超声对年龄2 ~ 16岁的受试者进行超声检查。脉搏血氧仪用于测定外周血氧饱和度，同时从他们的医疗记录中检索临床和血液学资料。结果共纳入135例患者。平均TAMMV为125cm/s。HbSS患者的TAMMV (131cm/s)明显高于HbSC患者(107cm/s)。仅有1例(0.74%)tammm异常。tammm与血氧饱和度、Hct和患者年龄呈负相关，与白细胞和血小板计数呈正相关。既往的急性胸综合征(ACS)病史和复发性疼痛危象增加了发展异常和条件流速的风险。结论本组TAMMV异常发生率较低。年龄较小的儿童和HbSS患者TAMMV较高。年龄、血氧饱和度和红细胞压积与tammm呈负相关，白细胞和血小板计数与tammm呈正相关。ACS既往史和复发性骨痛与异常和条件tammm的风险增加有关。

{"title":"Timed Average Mean Maximum Velocity (TAMMV) of Cerebral Blood Flow of Children and Adolescents with Sickle cell Disease: correlation with clinical and hematological profiles in country","authors":"B. Chukwu, Lyra Menezes, T. Fukuda, J. Filho, Marilda S Gonçalves","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v33i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v33i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background Detection of abnormal TAMMV with transcranial Doppler is fundamental in primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). The study aimed at evaluating TAMMV and correlating it with clinical and hematological profiles of children and adolescent with SCD. Methods Transcranial Doppler was performed on subjects aged 2–16 years, using a 2 MHz probe placed over the transtemporal windows. Pulse oximetry was used to determine the peripheral oxygen saturation while clinical and hematological profiles were retrieved from their medical records. Results One hundred and thirty five patients were recruited. The mean TAMMV was 125cm/s. Patients with HbSS had a significantly higher TAMMV (131cm/s) than those with HbSC (107cm/s). Only one (0.74%) patient had abnormal TAMMV. TAMMV correlated inversely with oxygen saturation, Hct and patient's age, and positively with white cell and platelet counts. Previous history of acute chest syndrome (ACS) and recurrent painful crises increased the risk of development of abnormal and conditional velocity. Conclusion Frequency of abnormal TAMMV in this study was low. Younger children and those with HbSS had higher TAMMV. Age, oxygen saturation and haematocrit correlated negatively while white cell and platelet counts correlated positively with TAMMV. Previous history of ACS and recurrent bone pain were associated with increased risk of having abnormal and conditional TAMMV.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"169 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Supporting the implementation of guidelines to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV in Malawi: a multi-case study. 支持马拉维实施预防艾滋病毒母婴传播的指导方针：一项多案例研究

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i3.5

Chifundo Zimba, Gwen Sherwood, Barbara Mark, Jeenifer Leeman

Background: High HIV infection and fertility rates contributed to over 12,000 children acquiring HIV from their mothers in 2011 in Malawi. To prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Malawi adopted the Option B+ guidelines, and for three years, the University of North Carolina (UNC) Project provided support to strengthen guideline implementation in 134 health centres. Little is known about how implementation support strategies are delivered in low resource countries or contextual factors that may influence their delivery. The limited descriptions of support strategies and salient contextual factors limits efforts to replicate, target, and further refine strategies. Guided by the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation, this study describes factors influencing implementation of support strategies and how they impacted health center staff capacity to implement Option B+ in Malawi.

Methods: A qualitative multi-case study design was applied. Data were collected through site visits to 4 heath centres (2 low- and 2-high performing centres). We interviewed 18 support providers and recipients between October 2014 and October 2015. Data were analysed using content, thematic, and cross-case analysis.

Results: Four categories of strategies were used to support Option B+ guidelines implementation: training, technical assistance (TA), tools, and resources. All heath-centres implemented Option B+ guidelines for care provided between the antenatal and labor and delivery periods. Gaps in Option B+ implementation occurred during community activities and during post-delivery care, including gaps in testing of children to ascertain their HIV status at 6 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months. Salient contextual factors included staffing shortages, transportation challenges, limited space and infrastructure, limited stocks of HIV testing kits, and large patient populations.

Conclusions: Understanding factors that influence implementation support strategies and delivery of the Option B+ guidelines, such as availability of staff and other materials/drug resources, is critical to designing effective implementation support for low resource settings.

背景:2011年，马拉维艾滋病毒感染率和生育率高，导致1.2万多名儿童从母亲那里感染艾滋病毒。为了防止艾滋病毒母婴传播，马拉维采用了“B+方案”准则，在三年中，北卡罗来纳大学项目提供了支助，以加强134个保健中心准则的执行。对于在资源匮乏的国家如何实施支助战略或可能影响其实施的环境因素知之甚少。对支持策略的有限描述和显著的上下文因素限制了复制、定位和进一步完善策略的努力。在传播和实施互动系统框架的指导下，本研究描述了影响支持战略实施的因素，以及这些因素如何影响马拉维卫生中心工作人员实施B+方案的能力。方法采用定性多病例研究设计。通过对4个保健中心(2个低绩效中心和2个高绩效中心)的实地访问收集数据。2014年10月至2015年10月期间，我们采访了18位支持提供者和接受者。数据分析采用内容分析、专题分析和跨案例分析。结果四类策略被用于支持选项B+指南的实施:培训、技术援助(TA)、工具和资源。所有保健中心都执行了关于产前和分娩期间提供护理的备选方案B+准则。在社区活动和产后护理期间，在实施备选方案B+方面存在差距，包括在6周、12个月和24个月时对儿童进行艾滋病毒检测以确定其艾滋病毒状况方面存在差距。突出的环境因素包括人员短缺、交通困难、空间和基础设施有限、艾滋病毒检测试剂盒库存有限以及患者人数众多。了解影响实施支持策略和“选项B+”指南交付的因素，如人员和其他材料/药物资源的可用性，对于在资源匮乏的环境中设计有效的实施支持至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacists' Readiness to Receive, Recommend and Administer COVID-19 Vaccines in an African Country: An Online Multiple-Practice Settings Survey in Nigeria. 非洲国家药剂师接收、推荐和管理 COVID-19 疫苗的准备情况：尼日利亚多执业机构在线调查。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i3.9

Abdulmuminu Isah, Chukwuemeka Michael Ubaka

Background: Without a cure, vaccination is the most reliable means of combating COVID-19 pandemic, since non-pharmacological measures could not prevent its spread, as evidenced in the emergence of a second wave. This study assessed the readiness of pharmacists to receive, recommend and administer COVID-19 vaccines to clients in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which responses were collected from pharmacists in Nigeria through Google Form link. A 21-item questionnaire was developed and validated for the study. The link was shared on the WhatsApp groups of eligible respondents. The response was downloaded into Microsoft Excel (2019) and cleared of errors. This was uploaded into KwikTables (Beta Version 2021) for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. Chi-squared test was used to determine the relationship between all the responses and the practice areas of the pharmacists.

Results: A total of 509 pharmacists responded to the study, but 507 indicated their areas of practice. The highest response of 247(48.7%) was obtained from hospital pharmacists, then community pharmacists; 157(31.0%). Hospital and community pharmacists accounted for 96 and 66 of the 191(37.7%) pharmacists that would probably accept the vaccine (p=0.126). The Pfizer-bioNTech vaccine was the preferred brand for 275(54.2%) respondents. Healthcare Professionals>Elderly>General Populace>Children was the order of roll-out recommended by 317(62.5%). Adverse-effect-following-immunization was the concern of 330(65.1%) pharmacists. Age was a factor in their likelihood of recommending the COVID-19 vaccine to clients (p=0.001).

Conclusion: This study established that most pharmacists are willing to accept to be vaccinated against COVID-19, recommend and administer it to other citizens. They were impressed by the effectiveness and cost of some of the vaccines, but were concerned about their possible adverse effects. The pharmacists would want the authorities to consider strategies that will make the vaccines accessible to all citizens.

背景：由于非药物措施无法阻止 COVID-19 的传播，因此在无法治愈的情况下，接种疫苗是抗击 COVID-19 大流行的最可靠手段，第二波流行的出现就是证明。本研究评估了药剂师为尼日利亚客户接种、推荐和注射 COVID-19 疫苗的准备情况：这是一项横断面研究，通过谷歌表格链接收集尼日利亚药剂师的答复。研究开发并验证了 21 个项目的调查问卷。在符合条件的受访者的 WhatsApp 群组中分享了该链接。答复被下载到 Microsoft Excel (2019) 中，并清除了错误。然后上传到 KwikTables（测试版 2021）中进行数据分析。使用频率和百分比等描述性统计来描述数据。采用卡方检验确定所有答复与药剂师执业领域之间的关系：共有 509 名药剂师对研究做出了回应，但有 507 人表明了他们的执业领域。医院药剂师的回复率最高，为 247 份（48.7%），其次是社区药剂师，为 157 份（31.0%）。在 191 名（37.7%）可能接受疫苗的药剂师中，医院药剂师和社区药剂师分别占 96 名和 66 名（P=0.126）。辉瑞生物技术公司的疫苗是 275 位（54.2%）受访者的首选品牌。317名受访者（62.5%）建议的疫苗推广顺序为：医疗保健专业人员>老年人>普通人群>儿童。330（65.1%）名药剂师关注免疫接种后的不良反应。年龄是影响他们向客户推荐 COVID-19 疫苗的一个因素（P=0.001）：本研究表明，大多数药剂师愿意接受 COVID-19 疫苗接种，并向其他公民推荐和接种该疫苗。他们对某些疫苗的效果和成本印象深刻，但对其可能产生的不良反应表示担忧。药剂师们希望当局考虑采取一些策略，让所有公民都能接种疫苗。

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引用次数: 0

Herbal Medicine, Diabetes Care at Primary Care Facilities and Prevention of Vertical HIV Transmission. 初级保健机构的草药、糖尿病护理和艾滋病毒垂直传播的预防

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i3.12

Adamson S Muula

引用次数: 0

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viral infections in the premarital adult population of Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯Al-Majmaah婚前成年人群中乙型和丙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行率

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v33i3.10

S. Mir, B. Alshehri

Background Viral hepatitis is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B in Saudi adults undertaking premarital screening voluntarily. Methodology This observational retrospective study was conducted at King Khaled General Hospital, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia, for a period of 3 years (October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2019). The prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections was calculated using Microsoft Excel and the hematological data analysis was performed using SPSS software. A total of 3755 premarital Saudi adults who voluntarily participated in the premarital screening were included in this study. Subjects were screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The demographic and epidemiological parameters included patient age, sex, nationality, and seropositivity for HBV and/or HCV. Results Of the 3755 subjects, eight (0.242%) and 12 (0.364%) subjects were positive for HCV and HBV, respectively. Among the 12 HBV-positive subjects, nine (75%) subjects were men, and three (25%) subjects were women. However, among the eight HCV-positive subjects, five (62.5%) subjects were men, and three (37.5%) subjects were women. Conclusion This study concluded that the prevalence of HBV infection was slightly higher than that of HCV infection among the Saudi adult population of Al Mjamaah. In addition, both HBV and HCV were less prevalent in women than in men in the study population.

背景病毒性肝炎是影响全球数百万人的一个重大健康问题。本研究的主要目的是估计自愿进行婚前筛查的沙特成年人中丙型肝炎和乙型肝炎的血清流行率。方法这项观察性回顾性研究在沙特阿拉伯Al Majmah的Khaled国王综合医院进行，为期3年（2016年10月1日至2019年9月30日）。使用Microsoft Excel计算乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎感染的患病率，并使用SPSS软件进行血液学数据分析。共有3755名自愿参加婚前筛查的沙特婚前成年人被纳入本研究。对受试者进行丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）筛查。人口统计学和流行病学参数包括患者年龄、性别、国籍和HBV和/或HCV血清阳性。结果3755例受试者中，HCV和HBV阳性率分别为8例（0.242%）和12例（0.364%）。在12名HBV阳性受试者中，9名（75%）受试者为男性，3名（25%）受试人为女性。然而，在8名HCV阳性受试者中，5名（62.5%）受试者为男性，3名（37.5%）受检者为女性。结论沙特成年Al Mjamaah人群中HBV感染率略高于HCV感染率。此外，在研究人群中，HBV和HCV在女性中的流行率均低于男性。

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引用次数: 0

Breast metastasis from rectal carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature 直肠癌乳腺转移1例报告并文献复习

IF 0.8 4区医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Malawi Medical Journal

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.4314/MMJ.V33I3.11

Dan-dan Wang, Su-jin Yang, Wei-xian Chen

Background Metastasis from extramammary primary tumor to breast is extremely rare. Case Summary A 59-year-old woman with 1-year history of rectal cancer presented with asymptomatic breast mass. At 16 months after the diagnosis of rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma, a breast mass was confirmed by ultrasonography and identified by pathology and immunohistochemistry as a metastasis from the rectal cancer. Treatments included chemotherapy (6 cycles: 300 mg irinotecan on day 1, 4.5 mg raltitrexed on day 2, 450 mg bevacizumab on day 3), radiotherapy, and surgical resection. Two years of follow-up examinations (6-months intervals) showed no evidence of recurrence or novel distant metastasis. Conclusion Breast metastasis from rectal carcinoma is a rare secondary malignancy. Final diagnosis can be established by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

背景乳腺外原发性肿瘤转移到乳腺是极为罕见的。病例摘要一名59岁的癌症直肠病史1年的女性出现无症状的乳房肿块。在诊断为直肠粘液腺癌后16个月，超声证实了一个乳房肿块，并通过病理学和免疫组织化学鉴定为直肠癌症转移。治疗包括化疗（6个周期：第1天300 mg伊立替康，第2天4.5 mg雷提曲塞，第3天450 mg贝伐单抗）、放疗和手术切除。两年的随访检查（间隔6个月）显示没有复发或新的远处转移的证据。结论直肠癌乳腺转移是一种罕见的继发性恶性肿瘤。最终诊断可以通过组织病理学和免疫组织化学来确定。

引用次数: 4