Various infective complications can be seen after a dental procedure. They are rarely resistant to standard therapy. In the case we present, a case of preseptal cellulitis caused by pseudomonas oryzihabitans after tooth extraction in a male patient who did not have any underlying cause. As in our case, evaluation of the cases resistant to standard treatment in terms of drainage and multidisciplinary management of culture results together with infectious diseases will increase the treatment success rate.
{"title":"A rare dental complication caused by a rare pathogen: Preseptal Cellulitis caused by Pseudomonas Oryzihabitans: a case report.","authors":"Emre Kudu, Faruk Danış, Sinan Karacabey","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i4.7","DOIUrl":"10.4314/mmj.v35i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various infective complications can be seen after a dental procedure. They are rarely resistant to standard therapy. In the case we present, a case of preseptal cellulitis caused by pseudomonas oryzihabitans after tooth extraction in a male patient who did not have any underlying cause. As in our case, evaluation of the cases resistant to standard treatment in terms of drainage and multidisciplinary management of culture results together with infectious diseases will increase the treatment success rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odontogenic keratocyst is a benign intraosseous lesion of odontogenic origin which is characterized by its aggressive nature. It is usually present in the mandibular posterior area, although it can also be found in the maxilla, particularly in the canine region. We discuss a unique example of OKC in the maxillary sinus involving the 27&28 region. Due to comparable clinical signs, this lesion is more prone to be mistaken for other lesions of the maxillary sinus, such as sinusitis or polyps. On the other side, this benign disease has the potential to develop into Ameloblastoma or squamous cell carcinoma. A favorable prognosis thus depends on early identification, precise diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and follow-ups.
{"title":"A rare case of Odontogenic Keratocyst in the Maxillary Sinus: diagnosis and management.","authors":"Sindhusha Reddy Palem, Visalakshi Devarakonda, Prasad Navakoti, Karuna Sree Pendyala","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i4.6","DOIUrl":"10.4314/mmj.v35i4.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Odontogenic keratocyst is a benign intraosseous lesion of odontogenic origin which is characterized by its aggressive nature. It is usually present in the mandibular posterior area, although it can also be found in the maxilla, particularly in the canine region. We discuss a unique example of OKC in the maxillary sinus involving the 27&28 region. Due to comparable clinical signs, this lesion is more prone to be mistaken for other lesions of the maxillary sinus, such as sinusitis or polyps. On the other side, this benign disease has the potential to develop into Ameloblastoma or squamous cell carcinoma. A favorable prognosis thus depends on early identification, precise diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and follow-ups.</p>","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elif Gur Kabul, Pervin Demir, Firdevs Ulutas, Sinem Yenil, Bilge Basakci Calik, Veli Cobankara
Objective This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of Turkish version of Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale–Straightforwardly (BFNE-S (TR)) in patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc).Materials and Methods 35 individuals (mean age: 53.3±13.0 years) diagnosed as SSc were included. Data on demographics, were collected via structured interview. All participants were evaluated by same investigator. The disability was evaluated with Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), disease severity with Medsger’s Disease Severity Scale, and skin involvement with Modified Rodnan Skin Score. BFNE-S (TR) was applied to the patients with SSc who did not receive any treatment for test retest at one-week intervals. Results The one-factor structure was provided for all indices except Chi-Square. Factor loadings were significant. The patient responses to the BFNE-S (TR) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.95). The floor effect (20%) percentage of patients who scored at floor level, was observed. Test-retest reliability of the scale was excellent with 0.91 (95%CI: 0.78–0.96). BFNE-S (TR) total score had positive correlation with SHAQ_Digestive (r=0.503) and SHAQ_Raynaud phenomenon (r=0.343)(p<0.05).Conclusions The BFNE-S (TR) is a reliable and valid scale and can be used for measurement of fear of negative evaluation in SSc.
{"title":"The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale – straight forwardly in patients with systemic sclerosis","authors":"Elif Gur Kabul, Pervin Demir, Firdevs Ulutas, Sinem Yenil, Bilge Basakci Calik, Veli Cobankara","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of Turkish version of Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale–Straightforwardly (BFNE-S (TR)) in patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc).Materials and Methods 35 individuals (mean age: 53.3±13.0 years) diagnosed as SSc were included. Data on demographics, were collected via structured interview. All participants were evaluated by same investigator. The disability was evaluated with Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), disease severity with Medsger’s Disease Severity Scale, and skin involvement with Modified Rodnan Skin Score. BFNE-S (TR) was applied to the patients with SSc who did not receive any treatment for test retest at one-week intervals. Results The one-factor structure was provided for all indices except Chi-Square. Factor loadings were significant. The patient responses to the BFNE-S (TR) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.95). The floor effect (20%) percentage of patients who scored at floor level, was observed. Test-retest reliability of the scale was excellent with 0.91 (95%CI: 0.78–0.96). BFNE-S (TR) total score had positive correlation with SHAQ_Digestive (r=0.503) and SHAQ_Raynaud phenomenon (r=0.343)(p<0.05).Conclusions The BFNE-S (TR) is a reliable and valid scale and can be used for measurement of fear of negative evaluation in SSc.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AimThe foot area is one of the most active body parts in soccer branch. There may be various loads on the foot in soccer players and ankle instability may be occur. The present study aimed to evaluate functional ankle instability in soccer players and examine it in terms of some variables.Methods A total of 175 male soccer players were included in the present study. The ankle instability of soccer players was evaluated with the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) scale.Results It was determined that 35.4% of the soccer players had functional ankle instability in their right foot, 29.7% in their left foot, and 46.3% on at least one side. The average IdFAI total score of the all players was 9.39±6.18 for the right side and 8.20±5.55 for the left side. When the soccer players were evaluated regarding the position they played, it was determined that the mean of the IdFAI total score for both feet was higher in the midfielders. Conclusions It is thought that the results of the study may contribute to the determination of risk factors for the foot part and shed light on the development of prevention strategies for injuries in soccer players.
{"title":"Examination of functional ankle instability in soccer players: a prospective study","authors":"Gülşah Ünver, Hikmet KOCAMAN, Hüseyin Eroğlu","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"AimThe foot area is one of the most active body parts in soccer branch. There may be various loads on the foot in soccer players and ankle instability may be occur. The present study aimed to evaluate functional ankle instability in soccer players and examine it in terms of some variables.Methods A total of 175 male soccer players were included in the present study. The ankle instability of soccer players was evaluated with the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) scale.Results It was determined that 35.4% of the soccer players had functional ankle instability in their right foot, 29.7% in their left foot, and 46.3% on at least one side. The average IdFAI total score of the all players was 9.39±6.18 for the right side and 8.20±5.55 for the left side. When the soccer players were evaluated regarding the position they played, it was determined that the mean of the IdFAI total score for both feet was higher in the midfielders. Conclusions It is thought that the results of the study may contribute to the determination of risk factors for the foot part and shed light on the development of prevention strategies for injuries in soccer players.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaithwa Matemvu, Harvey Likapa, Mary Sue Makin, Omar Hossain
AimThis report of five cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) treated at Daeyang Luke Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, illustrates presentation and treatment of this increasingly commonly recognized medical condition.MethodsInformation including history, physical examination, and imaging studies were collected from five cases of peripartum women who presented to the hospital over an 18-month period.ResultsA summary of recommended treatment is included in table form, and a flow chart proposing a care pathway for managing PPCM in Malawi, beginning at the district hospital level, is presented.ConclusionClinical recognition, appropriate diagnostic modalities, and informed treatment of PPCM in Malawi will improve care of peripartum woman and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Five cases of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Malawi","authors":"Zaithwa Matemvu, Harvey Likapa, Mary Sue Makin, Omar Hossain","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"AimThis report of five cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) treated at Daeyang Luke Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, illustrates presentation and treatment of this increasingly commonly recognized medical condition.MethodsInformation including history, physical examination, and imaging studies were collected from five cases of peripartum women who presented to the hospital over an 18-month period.ResultsA summary of recommended treatment is included in table form, and a flow chart proposing a care pathway for managing PPCM in Malawi, beginning at the district hospital level, is presented.ConclusionClinical recognition, appropriate diagnostic modalities, and informed treatment of PPCM in Malawi will improve care of peripartum woman and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ferritin/lymphocyte percentage ratio (FLPR) with clinical and radiological disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods This retrospective study was conducted with patients who had polymerase chain reaction positive results for COVID-19. We calculated FLPRs from laboratory tests taken during emergency clinic admission. The relationship between chest computed tomography (CT) scores, disease severity, and 30-day mortality with FLPR was evaluated.ResultsOur study included 309 patients. 30-day mortality occurred in 12.3% (n=38) of the patients. A statistically significant association was found between FLPR and clinical disease severity (p <0.001). In the post hoc analysis, the difference was caused by the critical and severe groups and FLPR was significantly higher in these groups. A significant correlation was found between CT scores and FLPR (r=0.496, p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension, smoking, C-reactive protein (CRP), and FLPR levels were independent risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, determined the predictive value and the optimal cut-off value of FLPR. The areas under the curve of WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, ferritin, CRP, FLPR were found 0.707, 0.233, 0.735, 0.878, 0.831, 0.924 (p<0.001), respectively. This analysis showed that the FLPR can predict 30-day mortality better than the other biomarkers in the comparison. When the optimal cut-off value of FLPR is 42.4, the sensitivity is 84.2% and specificity is 86.7%.Conclusion FLPR can be used as an independent biomarker of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.
{"title":"Ferritin/lymphocyte percentage ratio to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19","authors":"Nur SIMSEK YURT, Metin OCAK","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ferritin/lymphocyte percentage ratio (FLPR) with clinical and radiological disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods This retrospective study was conducted with patients who had polymerase chain reaction positive results for COVID-19. We calculated FLPRs from laboratory tests taken during emergency clinic admission. The relationship between chest computed tomography (CT) scores, disease severity, and 30-day mortality with FLPR was evaluated.ResultsOur study included 309 patients. 30-day mortality occurred in 12.3% (n=38) of the patients. A statistically significant association was found between FLPR and clinical disease severity (p <0.001). In the post hoc analysis, the difference was caused by the critical and severe groups and FLPR was significantly higher in these groups. A significant correlation was found between CT scores and FLPR (r=0.496, p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension, smoking, C-reactive protein (CRP), and FLPR levels were independent risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, determined the predictive value and the optimal cut-off value of FLPR. The areas under the curve of WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, ferritin, CRP, FLPR were found 0.707, 0.233, 0.735, 0.878, 0.831, 0.924 (p<0.001), respectively. This analysis showed that the FLPR can predict 30-day mortality better than the other biomarkers in the comparison. When the optimal cut-off value of FLPR is 42.4, the sensitivity is 84.2% and specificity is 86.7%.Conclusion FLPR can be used as an independent biomarker of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hikmet KOCAMAN, Halil ALKAN, Mehmet CANLI, Mehmet CANLI, Şafak KUZU, Anıl ÖZÜDOĞRU
Aims Patients who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) should periodically have their muscle strength assessed. The five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) can evaluate the muscle strength and balance of the lower extremities. This study’s primary purpose was to assess the validity and reliability of the FTSST in patients who have undergone ACL-R. Material and Methods Forty-three people who had undergone ACL-R surgery were included in the study. The study’s primary outcome measure, the FTSST, was assessed by two different investigators. Secondary outcome measures were body balance, quadriceps muscle strength, Tegner activity score (TAS), and Lysholm score. ResultsThe FTSST’s test–retest and inter-rater reliability were both high (ICC: 0.99). The FTSST also showed a strong statistically significant correlation with all secondary outcome measures, including balance, quadriceps muscle strength, TAS, and Lysholm score (p<0.05). ConclusionsAccording to the study results, the FTSST is a tool-free, simple method for assessing muscle strength and the body balance level, mobility level, and functional status of the knee in patients who have undergone ACL-R surgery.
{"title":"Five-times sit-to-stand test following anterior cruciate ligament surgery: a cross-sectional reliability study","authors":"Hikmet KOCAMAN, Halil ALKAN, Mehmet CANLI, Mehmet CANLI, Şafak KUZU, Anıl ÖZÜDOĞRU","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Patients who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) should periodically have their muscle strength assessed. The five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) can evaluate the muscle strength and balance of the lower extremities. This study’s primary purpose was to assess the validity and reliability of the FTSST in patients who have undergone ACL-R. Material and Methods Forty-three people who had undergone ACL-R surgery were included in the study. The study’s primary outcome measure, the FTSST, was assessed by two different investigators. Secondary outcome measures were body balance, quadriceps muscle strength, Tegner activity score (TAS), and Lysholm score. ResultsThe FTSST’s test–retest and inter-rater reliability were both high (ICC: 0.99). The FTSST also showed a strong statistically significant correlation with all secondary outcome measures, including balance, quadriceps muscle strength, TAS, and Lysholm score (p<0.05). ConclusionsAccording to the study results, the FTSST is a tool-free, simple method for assessing muscle strength and the body balance level, mobility level, and functional status of the knee in patients who have undergone ACL-R surgery.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen Kasenda, Donnie Mategula, Tilinde Chokotho
AimThis study sought to describe the epidemiology of burns and factors associated with prolonged hospital stay among adult patients admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit. MethodsAll files of patients aged at least 17 years and admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit between 1 June 2007 and 31 May 2017 with acute burns, were reviewed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, injuries sustained, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the files. Summary statistics, independent sample T-test, and odds ratios were computed to determine the distribution and associations of the variables collected.Results A total of 515 patient files, all from rural or informal urban settlements, were reviewed. The median age at the time of presentation was 32 years (IQR: 25-45), and 52% (n=279) were male. Most of the burns occurred at home (81.0%; n=379), were of flame etiology (75.7%; n=385), and were reported to have been accidental (94.7%, n=445). The mean monthly rate of new burn injury patients was highest in the cool-dry season, and epileptic seizures were a common precedent of burn injury (30.7%; n=158). Most (62.7%) of the patients with recorded burn sites sustained multiple burns injuries, and more than half of the patients had upper and lower limb burns (64.6% & 59.5% respectively). Thirty patients sustained additional non-burn injuries, and 26.4% (n=132) of all patients with recorded outcomes died in the hospital.Conclusion The data on burn injuries among adults presenting at the QECH burns unit suggests the existence of socio-economic inequalities associated with burn incidence. There is also a need for improvement in the quality and uptake of epilepsy care in primary care facilities.
{"title":"Burns among adults in a major Malawian burn unit: epidemiology and factors associated with prolonged hospital stay","authors":"Stephen Kasenda, Donnie Mategula, Tilinde Chokotho","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"AimThis study sought to describe the epidemiology of burns and factors associated with prolonged hospital stay among adult patients admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit. MethodsAll files of patients aged at least 17 years and admitted in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital burns unit between 1 June 2007 and 31 May 2017 with acute burns, were reviewed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, injuries sustained, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the files. Summary statistics, independent sample T-test, and odds ratios were computed to determine the distribution and associations of the variables collected.Results A total of 515 patient files, all from rural or informal urban settlements, were reviewed. The median age at the time of presentation was 32 years (IQR: 25-45), and 52% (n=279) were male. Most of the burns occurred at home (81.0%; n=379), were of flame etiology (75.7%; n=385), and were reported to have been accidental (94.7%, n=445). The mean monthly rate of new burn injury patients was highest in the cool-dry season, and epileptic seizures were a common precedent of burn injury (30.7%; n=158). Most (62.7%) of the patients with recorded burn sites sustained multiple burns injuries, and more than half of the patients had upper and lower limb burns (64.6% & 59.5% respectively). Thirty patients sustained additional non-burn injuries, and 26.4% (n=132) of all patients with recorded outcomes died in the hospital.Conclusion The data on burn injuries among adults presenting at the QECH burns unit suggests the existence of socio-economic inequalities associated with burn incidence. There is also a need for improvement in the quality and uptake of epilepsy care in primary care facilities.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AimThe rise in rice production in the district of Malanville, Northen Benin, is a present concern, as it has resulted in the widespread usage of pesticides for crop protection. This could impact human health but also life cycle of Anopheles gambiae, the main vector of malaria.Methods Therefore, insecticide susceptibility bioassays were carried out on populations of An. gambiae s.l aged to 3-5 days old (two from areas where insecticide is highly used and other two areas of low insecticide use) and subjected to insecticide-impregnated papers (Permethrin 0.75%; deltamethrin 0.05%; DDT 4% and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHO protocol. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) were used for the detection of Acethlylcholinestrase (Ace-1) and the knock down resistance (kdr) L1014F mutations in An. gambiae populations. Finally, indirect bioassays were conducted for the investigating on the factors affecting the life cycle of An. gambiae due to the use of pesticides.Results An. gambiae from the four sites were resistant to DDT (6 to 8% and 10 to 14% respectively from areas of high and low dose), pyrethroids (22 to 26% and 30 to 36% for permethrin, from areas of high and low dose respectively and 66 to 70% and 72 to 80% for deltamethrin, from high and low dose) but susceptible to carbamate. The kdr L1014F mutation was detected in An. gambiae populations (0.88 to 0.90 and 0.84 to 0.88 from high and low dose, respectively). The ace-1 was detected at low frequencies (<0.002). Bioassays on the impacts of the use of pesticides in the life cycle of An. gambiae showed that soil substrates with pesticides residues have a negative impact on the life cycle eggs of An. gambiae. ConclusionThese findings confirmed the negative impacts of pesticides use in rice farming and its impacts on the life cycle of An. gambiae.
{"title":"Development of rice farming: a cause of the emergence of multiple insecticide resistance in populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l and its impact on human health in Malanville, Bénin","authors":"YADOULETON Anges, BADOU Yvette, SANOUSSI Falilath, HOUNKANRIN Gildas, TCHIBOZO Carine, ADEWUMI Praise, BABA-MOUSSA Lamine","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"AimThe rise in rice production in the district of Malanville, Northen Benin, is a present concern, as it has resulted in the widespread usage of pesticides for crop protection. This could impact human health but also life cycle of Anopheles gambiae, the main vector of malaria.Methods Therefore, insecticide susceptibility bioassays were carried out on populations of An. gambiae s.l aged to 3-5 days old (two from areas where insecticide is highly used and other two areas of low insecticide use) and subjected to insecticide-impregnated papers (Permethrin 0.75%; deltamethrin 0.05%; DDT 4% and bendiocarb 0.1%) following WHO protocol. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) were used for the detection of Acethlylcholinestrase (Ace-1) and the knock down resistance (kdr) L1014F mutations in An. gambiae populations. Finally, indirect bioassays were conducted for the investigating on the factors affecting the life cycle of An. gambiae due to the use of pesticides.Results An. gambiae from the four sites were resistant to DDT (6 to 8% and 10 to 14% respectively from areas of high and low dose), pyrethroids (22 to 26% and 30 to 36% for permethrin, from areas of high and low dose respectively and 66 to 70% and 72 to 80% for deltamethrin, from high and low dose) but susceptible to carbamate. The kdr L1014F mutation was detected in An. gambiae populations (0.88 to 0.90 and 0.84 to 0.88 from high and low dose, respectively). The ace-1 was detected at low frequencies (<0.002). Bioassays on the impacts of the use of pesticides in the life cycle of An. gambiae showed that soil substrates with pesticides residues have a negative impact on the life cycle eggs of An. gambiae. ConclusionThese findings confirmed the negative impacts of pesticides use in rice farming and its impacts on the life cycle of An. gambiae.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kush S. Mody, Hao-Hua Wu, Linda C. Chokotho, Nyengo C. Mkandawire, Sven Young, Brian C. Lau, David Shearer, Kiran J. Agarwal- Harding
BackgroundFemoral shaft fractures are common in Malawi, with an annual incidence of 44 per 100,000 people. Inadequate treatment and delayed presentation often result in functional, biopsychosocial, and financial challenges for patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic consequences of femoral shaft fractures for patients in Malawi. Methods This study of 42 patients was part of a larger study that prospectively examined quality of life. Questionnaires were distributed to patients at 1-year follow-up following femoral shaft fracture treatment. Patients reported pre- and post-injury standard of living and financial well-being. Results Patients reported relatively high transportation costs to and from the hospital. One year after injury, 17 patients (40%) had not returned to work. Of the 25 (60%) who had returned, 5 (20%) changed jobs due to their injury, all reported decreased productivity. Household income decreased for 29% of patients. 20 (49%) of 41 patients reported food insecurity in the week prior to questionnaire completion. Many patients reported changing their residence, borrowing money, selling personal property, and unenrolling children from school due to financial hardship caused by their injury. Conclusion While the Malawian public healthcare system is free at the point of care, it lacks the financial risk protection that is essential to universal health coverage (UHC). In this study, we found that the indirect costs of care due to femoral shaft fractures had substantial socioeconomic consequences on the majority of patients and their families. Increased investment of financial and human capital should be made into capacity building and preventative measures to decrease the burden of injury, increase access to care, improve care delivery, and provide financial risk protection for patients with traumatic injuries in Malawi.
{"title":"The Socioeconomic consequences of femoral shaft fracture for patients in Malawi","authors":"Kush S. Mody, Hao-Hua Wu, Linda C. Chokotho, Nyengo C. Mkandawire, Sven Young, Brian C. Lau, David Shearer, Kiran J. Agarwal- Harding","doi":"10.4314/mmj.v35i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFemoral shaft fractures are common in Malawi, with an annual incidence of 44 per 100,000 people. Inadequate treatment and delayed presentation often result in functional, biopsychosocial, and financial challenges for patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic consequences of femoral shaft fractures for patients in Malawi. Methods This study of 42 patients was part of a larger study that prospectively examined quality of life. Questionnaires were distributed to patients at 1-year follow-up following femoral shaft fracture treatment. Patients reported pre- and post-injury standard of living and financial well-being. Results Patients reported relatively high transportation costs to and from the hospital. One year after injury, 17 patients (40%) had not returned to work. Of the 25 (60%) who had returned, 5 (20%) changed jobs due to their injury, all reported decreased productivity. Household income decreased for 29% of patients. 20 (49%) of 41 patients reported food insecurity in the week prior to questionnaire completion. Many patients reported changing their residence, borrowing money, selling personal property, and unenrolling children from school due to financial hardship caused by their injury. Conclusion While the Malawian public healthcare system is free at the point of care, it lacks the financial risk protection that is essential to universal health coverage (UHC). In this study, we found that the indirect costs of care due to femoral shaft fractures had substantial socioeconomic consequences on the majority of patients and their families. Increased investment of financial and human capital should be made into capacity building and preventative measures to decrease the burden of injury, increase access to care, improve care delivery, and provide financial risk protection for patients with traumatic injuries in Malawi.","PeriodicalId":18185,"journal":{"name":"Malawi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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