Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1177/17479541231181549
Utkarsh Singh, A. Ramachandran, K. Doma, J. Connor
Cricket is an unique international sport where environmental and task constraints have shown to have a significant impact on batting and bowling performance. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of task and environmental constraints on cricket performance. A systematic literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. Studies were deemed eligible if they reported the effects of pitch type, pitch length, equipment (e.g. cricket bat, batting pads, ball type, etc.) on cricket performance. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria with Kmet score ranging between 75% and 92%. The results from this study demonstrate that environmental constraints such as pitch-type and task constraints such as equipment modification (e.g. type of cricket bat, batting pads, ball) and pitch length can influence cricketer's batting and bowling performance. Scaling cricket bats and reducing pitch length were acutely beneficial to cricket batting, while ball type, pitch length and soil properties were impactful on bowling performance. Importantly though, the impact of constraint manipulation seemed to be influenced by the skill level of the performer. The findings from this study may help to inform coaches and practitioners improve skill acquisition, through constraint manipulation, to develop highly adaptive cricket batting and bowling skill.
板球是一项独特的国际运动，环境和任务限制对击球和保龄球的表现产生了重大影响。本系统综述的目的是确定任务和环境约束对板球表现的影响。通过Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL和SportDiscus进行了系统的文献检索。如果研究报告了球场类型、球场长度、设备(如板球棒、击球垫、球类型等)对板球表现的影响，则认为研究是合格的。共有20项研究符合纳入标准，Kmet评分在75% ~ 92%之间。本研究的结果表明，场地类型等环境约束和场地长度等任务约束会影响板球运动员的击球和保龄球表现，例如设备修改(如板球拍、击球垫、球的类型)和场地长度。缩小板球拍和缩短球间距对板球击球有显著的促进作用，而球型、球间距和土壤性质对板球击球有显著的影响。但重要的是，约束操作的效果似乎受到执行者技能水平的影响。本研究的结果可能有助于指导教练和练习者通过约束操作来提高技能习得，以培养高适应性的板球击球和保龄球技能。
{"title":"Exploring the influence of task and environmental constraints on batting and bowling performance in cricket: A systematic review","authors":"Utkarsh Singh, A. Ramachandran, K. Doma, J. Connor","doi":"10.1177/17479541231181549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231181549","url":null,"abstract":"Cricket is an unique international sport where environmental and task constraints have shown to have a significant impact on batting and bowling performance. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of task and environmental constraints on cricket performance. A systematic literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. Studies were deemed eligible if they reported the effects of pitch type, pitch length, equipment (e.g. cricket bat, batting pads, ball type, etc.) on cricket performance. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria with Kmet score ranging between 75% and 92%. The results from this study demonstrate that environmental constraints such as pitch-type and task constraints such as equipment modification (e.g. type of cricket bat, batting pads, ball) and pitch length can influence cricketer's batting and bowling performance. Scaling cricket bats and reducing pitch length were acutely beneficial to cricket batting, while ball type, pitch length and soil properties were impactful on bowling performance. Importantly though, the impact of constraint manipulation seemed to be influenced by the skill level of the performer. The findings from this study may help to inform coaches and practitioners improve skill acquisition, through constraint manipulation, to develop highly adaptive cricket batting and bowling skill.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116337937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1177/17479541231181971
Changliang Yan, Dojin Jang, S. Kwon, Qingyun Jin
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between stress and burnout through an integration of the demand–control (DC) and effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model in the context of sport coaching. This is the first study to integrate these two models to explain burnout experienced by sport coaches, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the development of burnout in this population. A sample of 398 Chinese sport coaches working in the school system participated in the study. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted to test the research model, and results indicated that the data fit the model well and supported all hypotheses. Specifically, the study verified the hypotheses related to the importance of contextual conditions in burnout development (i.e. burnout caused by job stress consistent with ERI) and personal characteristics that regulate these conditions (i.e. over-commitment as the enhancing moderator and coaching efficacy as the buffering moderator consistent with DC). The findings suggest that addressing the social system (i.e. ERI) in which burnout develops and individual responses (i.e. DC) is crucial to prevent burnout among sport coaches.
{"title":"An integrated perspective of the demand–control and effort–reward imbalance models on burnout among sport coaches: The moderating role of over-commitment and coaching efficacy","authors":"Changliang Yan, Dojin Jang, S. Kwon, Qingyun Jin","doi":"10.1177/17479541231181971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231181971","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to explore the relationship between stress and burnout through an integration of the demand–control (DC) and effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model in the context of sport coaching. This is the first study to integrate these two models to explain burnout experienced by sport coaches, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the development of burnout in this population. A sample of 398 Chinese sport coaches working in the school system participated in the study. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted to test the research model, and results indicated that the data fit the model well and supported all hypotheses. Specifically, the study verified the hypotheses related to the importance of contextual conditions in burnout development (i.e. burnout caused by job stress consistent with ERI) and personal characteristics that regulate these conditions (i.e. over-commitment as the enhancing moderator and coaching efficacy as the buffering moderator consistent with DC). The findings suggest that addressing the social system (i.e. ERI) in which burnout develops and individual responses (i.e. DC) is crucial to prevent burnout among sport coaches.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123449922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.1177/17479541231180243
Denise Martin, P. O'Donoghue, J. Bradley, S. Robertson, D. McGrath
While applied performance analysts (PAs) are a well-established applied sports science practitioner group, there is no clear definition of the purpose of an analyst, their key relationships, or the expertise required to execute the role successfully. This research sought to understand how PA practitioners and educators perceive their role as applied PA practitioners. Twenty-seven applied PAs and educators with applied PA experience participated in six online focus groups, completing an online survey in advance. Reflexive thematic analysis of transcripts and survey data generated an overarching theme: embedded applied PA practitioners have a value co-creation role within performance ecosystems which is inhibited by poor professional infrastructure and a lack conceptual clarity for the role. Five sub-themes are reported; the (a) why, (b) what, and (c) how of professional practice; d) the impact of stakeholder misunderstanding on PA practitioners; and (e) issues with professional recognition, development, and renumeration opportunities. This study demonstrates applied PAs’ role as curators, translators, influencers, and educators aiming to add value to the decision-making of a wide range of stakeholders. It highlights a potential deficit in applied practice in ‘value capture’ which may be perpetuating the problems practitioners reported with stakeholder misconceptions and undervaluing of their role. It is hoped this paper will inspire those invested in applied PA practice to create a shared understanding of how they can add value within the performance ecosystem so the profession can evolve and thrive.
{"title":"Identifying the characteristics, constraints, and enablers to creating value in applied performance analysis","authors":"Denise Martin, P. O'Donoghue, J. Bradley, S. Robertson, D. McGrath","doi":"10.1177/17479541231180243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231180243","url":null,"abstract":"While applied performance analysts (PAs) are a well-established applied sports science practitioner group, there is no clear definition of the purpose of an analyst, their key relationships, or the expertise required to execute the role successfully. This research sought to understand how PA practitioners and educators perceive their role as applied PA practitioners. Twenty-seven applied PAs and educators with applied PA experience participated in six online focus groups, completing an online survey in advance. Reflexive thematic analysis of transcripts and survey data generated an overarching theme: embedded applied PA practitioners have a value co-creation role within performance ecosystems which is inhibited by poor professional infrastructure and a lack conceptual clarity for the role. Five sub-themes are reported; the (a) why, (b) what, and (c) how of professional practice; d) the impact of stakeholder misunderstanding on PA practitioners; and (e) issues with professional recognition, development, and renumeration opportunities. This study demonstrates applied PAs’ role as curators, translators, influencers, and educators aiming to add value to the decision-making of a wide range of stakeholders. It highlights a potential deficit in applied practice in ‘value capture’ which may be perpetuating the problems practitioners reported with stakeholder misconceptions and undervaluing of their role. It is hoped this paper will inspire those invested in applied PA practice to create a shared understanding of how they can add value within the performance ecosystem so the profession can evolve and thrive.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"245 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541231181975
A. Fox, L. Bruce
In 2020, Australia's elite-level netball league introduced the ‘Super Shot’ – an opportunity for teams to gain two versus one goal per shot during the final 5 minutes of each quarter (i.e. Power 5 period). In this study, we ran simulations of Power 5 periods to: (i) identify expected scoring outcomes from Super Shot selection strategies and (ii) examine how Super Shot selection strategies could impact the scoring margin between teams. We ran simulations emulating Power 5 periods with different Super Shot selection strategies for teams individually and when competing against one another, and examined the scoring outputs and margins. A greater tendency for attempting Super Shots was a high-risk: high-reward strategy, where this strategy could result in both high- and low-scoring outcomes (i.e. increased scoring volatility). Average margins were not largely affected by Super Shot selection strategy in simulations between teams, yet the more volatile scoring with a higher tendency for Super Shot attempts led to wider margin ranges. We propose that a singular ‘optimal’ Super Shot selection strategy does not exist and that the match scenario should be a key driver in determining a team’s strategy.
{"title":"Simulating shot selection strategies and scoring outcomes in Super Netball’s ‘Power 5’ period","authors":"A. Fox, L. Bruce","doi":"10.1177/17479541231181975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231181975","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, Australia's elite-level netball league introduced the ‘Super Shot’ – an opportunity for teams to gain two versus one goal per shot during the final 5 minutes of each quarter (i.e. Power 5 period). In this study, we ran simulations of Power 5 periods to: (i) identify expected scoring outcomes from Super Shot selection strategies and (ii) examine how Super Shot selection strategies could impact the scoring margin between teams. We ran simulations emulating Power 5 periods with different Super Shot selection strategies for teams individually and when competing against one another, and examined the scoring outputs and margins. A greater tendency for attempting Super Shots was a high-risk: high-reward strategy, where this strategy could result in both high- and low-scoring outcomes (i.e. increased scoring volatility). Average margins were not largely affected by Super Shot selection strategy in simulations between teams, yet the more volatile scoring with a higher tendency for Super Shot attempts led to wider margin ranges. We propose that a singular ‘optimal’ Super Shot selection strategy does not exist and that the match scenario should be a key driver in determining a team’s strategy.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"99 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120877255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1177/17479541231177133
Sam Palmer, A. Novak, Rhys Tribolet, M. Watsford, J. Fransen
Team invasion games are sports in which individual team members interact and exchange information to coordinate their behaviours and actions in pursuit of the common goal of winning matches. Researchers have used social network analysis to quantify the cooperative behaviours of sports teams (cooperative network analysis), yet this research exists across an array of disciplines and uses various methods. Therefore, accessibility for practitioners and researchers interested in using it to quantify team cooperation in team invasion games may be limited. This systematic mapping review aimed to identify, report and discuss research in this emerging research area. Articles were systematically searched in electronic databases and reference list scans resulting in 112 papers included. Football was the most studied sport ( n = 91), and passing was the most observed interaction between players within a sports team ( n = 107). This review further revealed a lack of consistency in reporting between the included studies with respect to nomenclature and network measures. A comprehensive map of the current literature on the use of cooperative network analysis in team invasion games is provided which can be used by practitioners and researchers tasked with or interested in analysing team performance.
{"title":"Cooperative networks in team invasion games: A systematic mapping review","authors":"Sam Palmer, A. Novak, Rhys Tribolet, M. Watsford, J. Fransen","doi":"10.1177/17479541231177133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231177133","url":null,"abstract":"Team invasion games are sports in which individual team members interact and exchange information to coordinate their behaviours and actions in pursuit of the common goal of winning matches. Researchers have used social network analysis to quantify the cooperative behaviours of sports teams (cooperative network analysis), yet this research exists across an array of disciplines and uses various methods. Therefore, accessibility for practitioners and researchers interested in using it to quantify team cooperation in team invasion games may be limited. This systematic mapping review aimed to identify, report and discuss research in this emerging research area. Articles were systematically searched in electronic databases and reference list scans resulting in 112 papers included. Football was the most studied sport ( n = 91), and passing was the most observed interaction between players within a sports team ( n = 107). This review further revealed a lack of consistency in reporting between the included studies with respect to nomenclature and network measures. A comprehensive map of the current literature on the use of cooperative network analysis in team invasion games is provided which can be used by practitioners and researchers tasked with or interested in analysing team performance.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128730633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1177/17479541231180329
Kristen De Marco, M. Lyons, C. Joyce, J. Conlon
Soccer is described as a high-intensity, multidirectional sport requiring athletes to possess a high level of physical conditioning to compete at the elite level. Strength, linear sprint and change of direction (COD) abilities are key physical characteristics in soccer-specific performance, with research suggesting athletes who possess greater relative lower-body strength are superior in sprint and COD ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between relative lower-body strength with linear sprint and COD ability among elite youth female soccer athletes in Western Australia. Forty-four (U13, n = 11; U14, n = 12; U15, n = 11; U19, n = 10) athletes completed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), 30 m sprint and 505 COD test. Results demonstrated a significant moderate correlation between relative IMTP (IMTPr) performance and 10 m ( r = −0.315, p = 0.037) and 30 m ( r = −0.0347, p = 0.021) sprint time, however, there was no significant correlation between IMTPr performance and COD deficit ( r = −0.227, p = 0.168). This study suggests that relative lower-body strength is moderately related to greater sprint performance but not COD ability in elite youth female soccer athletes. Overall, relative lower-body strength appears to be advantageous to linear sprint performance in elite youth female soccer athletes, and therefore the inclusion of appropriate and targeted strength training in the physical preparation and long-term athlete development of this demographic may be recommended.
足球被描述为一项高强度、多方位的运动，要求运动员具备高水平的身体条件，才能参加精英水平的比赛。力量、直线冲刺和方向改变(COD)能力是足球专项表现的关键身体特征，研究表明，下半身相对力量较大的运动员在冲刺和COD能力方面具有优势。本研究旨在探讨西澳优秀青年女子足球运动员相对下体力量与直线冲刺和COD能力的关系。44 (U13, n = 11;U14, n = 12;U15, n = 11;U19, n = 10)名运动员完成了等长大腿内侧牵拉(IMTP)、30米短跑和505 COD测试。结果表明，相对IMTP (IMTPr)性能与10 m (r = - 0.315, p = 0.037)和30 m (r = - 0.0347, p = 0.021)冲刺时间有显著的中度相关性，而IMTPr性能与COD缺陷无显著相关性(r = - 0.227, p = 0.168)。本研究表明，优秀青年女子足球运动员的相对下体力量与短跑成绩有中等相关性，但与COD能力无关。总的来说，相对下半身力量似乎有利于优秀青年女子足球运动员的直线冲刺表现，因此，在这一人群的身体准备和长期运动员发展中，可能建议包括适当和有针对性的力量训练。
{"title":"The relationship between relative lower-body strength, sprint and change of direction ability in elite youth female soccer athletes","authors":"Kristen De Marco, M. Lyons, C. Joyce, J. Conlon","doi":"10.1177/17479541231180329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231180329","url":null,"abstract":"Soccer is described as a high-intensity, multidirectional sport requiring athletes to possess a high level of physical conditioning to compete at the elite level. Strength, linear sprint and change of direction (COD) abilities are key physical characteristics in soccer-specific performance, with research suggesting athletes who possess greater relative lower-body strength are superior in sprint and COD ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between relative lower-body strength with linear sprint and COD ability among elite youth female soccer athletes in Western Australia. Forty-four (U13, n = 11; U14, n = 12; U15, n = 11; U19, n = 10) athletes completed an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), 30 m sprint and 505 COD test. Results demonstrated a significant moderate correlation between relative IMTP (IMTPr) performance and 10 m ( r = −0.315, p = 0.037) and 30 m ( r = −0.0347, p = 0.021) sprint time, however, there was no significant correlation between IMTPr performance and COD deficit ( r = −0.227, p = 0.168). This study suggests that relative lower-body strength is moderately related to greater sprint performance but not COD ability in elite youth female soccer athletes. Overall, relative lower-body strength appears to be advantageous to linear sprint performance in elite youth female soccer athletes, and therefore the inclusion of appropriate and targeted strength training in the physical preparation and long-term athlete development of this demographic may be recommended.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127363055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/17479541231179301
Douglas G Stewart, Justine B. Allen, A. Kirkland
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a complex syndrome that occurs as a result of prolonged Low Energy Availability (LEA) leading to health and performance impairments. However, whilst the coach plays an important role when working with athletes with RED-S, no research exists specifically exploring their role. Therefore, this study investigates the role of the coach from the athletes’ perspective within an ultrarunning context. Ultrarunners are at risk of LEA due to large training volumes and record high incidences of psychological and physiological conditions linked to RED-S, such as disordered eating and bone stress injuries. Two female ultrarunners who had experience with RED-S each participated in three semi-structured interviews. The findings highlight the multifaceted role of the coach which changes depending on the stage of the athletes’ RED-S Journey. Of primary importance was that the coach should be educated on RED-S in order to provide value throughout. Secondly, for effective recovery, the coach should embrace working with a multidisciplinary support team of experts. Thirdly, the coach should actively work on establishing strong relationships with the athlete and their support network. This will propagate trust and honest conversations, a key requirement for recovery from, and ongoing training post, RED-S.
{"title":"Relative energy deficiency in sport and the role of ultrarunning coaches according to two female ultrarunners","authors":"Douglas G Stewart, Justine B. Allen, A. Kirkland","doi":"10.1177/17479541231179301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231179301","url":null,"abstract":"Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a complex syndrome that occurs as a result of prolonged Low Energy Availability (LEA) leading to health and performance impairments. However, whilst the coach plays an important role when working with athletes with RED-S, no research exists specifically exploring their role. Therefore, this study investigates the role of the coach from the athletes’ perspective within an ultrarunning context. Ultrarunners are at risk of LEA due to large training volumes and record high incidences of psychological and physiological conditions linked to RED-S, such as disordered eating and bone stress injuries. Two female ultrarunners who had experience with RED-S each participated in three semi-structured interviews. The findings highlight the multifaceted role of the coach which changes depending on the stage of the athletes’ RED-S Journey. Of primary importance was that the coach should be educated on RED-S in order to provide value throughout. Secondly, for effective recovery, the coach should embrace working with a multidisciplinary support team of experts. Thirdly, the coach should actively work on establishing strong relationships with the athlete and their support network. This will propagate trust and honest conversations, a key requirement for recovery from, and ongoing training post, RED-S.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115776927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1177/17479541231174316
Stuart N. Guppy, Tsuyoshi Nagatani, Wayne C. K. Poon, K. Kendall, Jason P. Lake, G. Haff
This study investigated the stability of three repetition maximum (3RM) strength during the deadlift. Eleven participants performed four testing sessions comprising a one repetition maximum test and 3RM tests separated by 48 h. Preparedness was assessed before each testing session using countermovement jumps and by measuring barbell velocity during each set of deadlifts. Trivial statistically significant differences were determined for the 3RM between T1 and both T2 ( p = 0.012; ES [95% CI] = −0.1 [−0.58, 0.41]) and T3 ( p = 0.027; ES [95% CI] = −0.09 [−0.57, −0.43]). No significant differences were noted between T2 and T3 ( p = 0.595; ES [95% CI] = 0.01 [−0.49, 0.50]). No significant differences in jump height ( p = 0.071), time-to-take-off ( p = 0.862), eccentric displacement ( p = 0.209), or mean force during any countermovement jump sub-phase were found between each session ( p = 0.529–0.913). Small differences in barbell mean velocity were found between both T1–T2 (effect size statistics (ES) = −0.21–0.27) and T2–T3 (ES = 0.31–0.48), while trivial differences were found at others. Therefore, 3RM deadlift strength appears stable enough over a microcycle to continue using traditionally recommended heavy/light programming strategies.
{"title":"The stability of the deadlift three repetition maximum","authors":"Stuart N. Guppy, Tsuyoshi Nagatani, Wayne C. K. Poon, K. Kendall, Jason P. Lake, G. Haff","doi":"10.1177/17479541231174316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231174316","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the stability of three repetition maximum (3RM) strength during the deadlift. Eleven participants performed four testing sessions comprising a one repetition maximum test and 3RM tests separated by 48 h. Preparedness was assessed before each testing session using countermovement jumps and by measuring barbell velocity during each set of deadlifts. Trivial statistically significant differences were determined for the 3RM between T1 and both T2 ( p = 0.012; ES [95% CI] = −0.1 [−0.58, 0.41]) and T3 ( p = 0.027; ES [95% CI] = −0.09 [−0.57, −0.43]). No significant differences were noted between T2 and T3 ( p = 0.595; ES [95% CI] = 0.01 [−0.49, 0.50]). No significant differences in jump height ( p = 0.071), time-to-take-off ( p = 0.862), eccentric displacement ( p = 0.209), or mean force during any countermovement jump sub-phase were found between each session ( p = 0.529–0.913). Small differences in barbell mean velocity were found between both T1–T2 (effect size statistics (ES) = −0.21–0.27) and T2–T3 (ES = 0.31–0.48), while trivial differences were found at others. Therefore, 3RM deadlift strength appears stable enough over a microcycle to continue using traditionally recommended heavy/light programming strategies.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1177/17479541231174301
C. Christie, K. McEwan, Catherine E. Munro, G. King, Adrian Le Roux, B. Olivier, Brandon Jackson, Shuaib Manjra, C. Macmillan, L. Pote
Although many cricket-playing nations have conducted research on bowling volume (BV) and injury risk, this relationship amongst international South African pace bowlers is yet to be investigated. Environmental, socio-economic and training strategy differences warrant similar research in a South African context. The purpose of this preliminary study was to establish whether South African pace bowlers have similar BV and injury associates compared to other elite fast bowlers. This study was a prospective, observational, cohort study that monitored match and training BV and injuries amongst pace bowlers playing for the South African national team between April 2017 and April 2019. A sample of convenience that included 14 bowlers was selected. Bowling volume was quantified as the number of deliveries bowled during training and competition. Acute-, chronic- and acute:chronic BV ratios were independently modelled as association variables. There were 39 injuries with the most being to the lumbar spine (25.64%). Moderate-to-low and a moderate-to-high acute:chronic bowling load ratios were associated with a lower risk of injury. Chronic bowling load was associated with injury (z = 2.82, p = 0.01). A low acute workload, low chronic workload, moderate-high chronic workload and moderate-low acute:chronic ratio were also associated with an increased risk of injury. These findings confirm that there appears to be a dose–response effect between training BV and the likelihood of an injury occurring with a moderate-to-low and a moderate-to-high BV ratio being optimal. Considering the small sample size, the findings should be interpreted with caution.
尽管许多板球运动国家已经对保龄球数量(BV)和受伤风险进行了研究，但南非国际投球手之间的关系尚未得到调查。环境、社会经济和培训战略的差异需要在南非范围内进行类似的研究。本初步研究的目的是确定与其他精英快速投球手相比，南非速度投球手是否具有相似的BV和损伤相关因素。这项研究是一项前瞻性、观察性、队列研究，监测了2017年4月至2019年4月期间为南非国家队效力的节奏投球手的比赛和训练中的BV和受伤情况。为了方便起见，我们选择了14名投球手作为样本。保龄球量被量化为在训练和比赛中投球的数量。急性、慢性和急性:慢性BV比率作为关联变量独立建模。39例损伤以腰椎为主(25.64%)。中至低和中至高的急性:慢性保龄球负荷比与较低的损伤风险相关。慢性保龄球负荷与损伤相关(z = 2.82, p = 0.01)。低急性负荷、低慢性负荷、中高慢性负荷和中低急慢性比也与损伤风险增加有关。这些研究结果证实，训练BV与发生损伤的可能性之间似乎存在剂量反应效应，其中中至低和中至高的BV比是最佳的。考虑到样本量小，研究结果应谨慎解读。
{"title":"Do South African international cricket pace bowlers have similar bowling volume and injury risk associates compared to other elite fast bowlers?","authors":"C. Christie, K. McEwan, Catherine E. Munro, G. King, Adrian Le Roux, B. Olivier, Brandon Jackson, Shuaib Manjra, C. Macmillan, L. Pote","doi":"10.1177/17479541231174301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231174301","url":null,"abstract":"Although many cricket-playing nations have conducted research on bowling volume (BV) and injury risk, this relationship amongst international South African pace bowlers is yet to be investigated. Environmental, socio-economic and training strategy differences warrant similar research in a South African context. The purpose of this preliminary study was to establish whether South African pace bowlers have similar BV and injury associates compared to other elite fast bowlers. This study was a prospective, observational, cohort study that monitored match and training BV and injuries amongst pace bowlers playing for the South African national team between April 2017 and April 2019. A sample of convenience that included 14 bowlers was selected. Bowling volume was quantified as the number of deliveries bowled during training and competition. Acute-, chronic- and acute:chronic BV ratios were independently modelled as association variables. There were 39 injuries with the most being to the lumbar spine (25.64%). Moderate-to-low and a moderate-to-high acute:chronic bowling load ratios were associated with a lower risk of injury. Chronic bowling load was associated with injury (z = 2.82, p = 0.01). A low acute workload, low chronic workload, moderate-high chronic workload and moderate-low acute:chronic ratio were also associated with an increased risk of injury. These findings confirm that there appears to be a dose–response effect between training BV and the likelihood of an injury occurring with a moderate-to-low and a moderate-to-high BV ratio being optimal. Considering the small sample size, the findings should be interpreted with caution.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130830678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1177/17479541231177003
Houssem Ben Chikha, Bachir Zoudji, Aïmen Khacharem
Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the effects of an instructor's pointing gestures on learning performance across a wide range of academic domains. There are, however, few clear instructional guidelines for enhancing learning from this visual guidance. This study tested the combined effects of the coach's pointing gesture and gaze guidance on attention and recall performance in field-based sports. This study used a 3 (control vs. gesture vs. gesture/gaze) × 2 (novice vs. expert) between-subjects factorial design. Results showed a significant interaction effect between expertise level and experimental conditions on visual attention and memorization performance. Novice players scored higher after studying tactical instructions with pointing gestures and gaze guidance than players who studied the same instructions with pointing gestures, who in turn performed better than players who received instructions without cues. Expert players showed the same level of performance when they received the instructions without cues and with pointing gestures. However, they showed lower performance (notably in the visual attention and the mental effort measures) when they received the video with pointing gestures and gaze guidance compared to the instructions without gestures and with pointing gestures. These results suggest that the effectiveness of nonverbal visual guidance changes depending on the players’ level of expertise.
{"title":"An eye-tracking study of how coach's nonverbal communication affects memorization of basketball tactical scenes","authors":"Houssem Ben Chikha, Bachir Zoudji, Aïmen Khacharem","doi":"10.1177/17479541231177003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231177003","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the effects of an instructor's pointing gestures on learning performance across a wide range of academic domains. There are, however, few clear instructional guidelines for enhancing learning from this visual guidance. This study tested the combined effects of the coach's pointing gesture and gaze guidance on attention and recall performance in field-based sports. This study used a 3 (control vs. gesture vs. gesture/gaze) × 2 (novice vs. expert) between-subjects factorial design. Results showed a significant interaction effect between expertise level and experimental conditions on visual attention and memorization performance. Novice players scored higher after studying tactical instructions with pointing gestures and gaze guidance than players who studied the same instructions with pointing gestures, who in turn performed better than players who received instructions without cues. Expert players showed the same level of performance when they received the instructions without cues and with pointing gestures. However, they showed lower performance (notably in the visual attention and the mental effort measures) when they received the video with pointing gestures and gaze guidance compared to the instructions without gestures and with pointing gestures. These results suggest that the effectiveness of nonverbal visual guidance changes depending on the players’ level of expertise.","PeriodicalId":182483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"2785 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127438757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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