{"title":"Antisolvent Precipitation and Stabilization of Azithromycin Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspension with Phase Transition by Ultrasonic Waves","authors":"M. Hosseini, M. Pourjavid, A. Monji","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"70 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76251730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ayoola, Igho E. Blessing, R. Babalola, M. Ojewumi, A. Ogunbiyi, O. Abatan, O. Fayomi
Biodiesel was produced from the transesterification of soybean oil using calcium oxide and cow bone (an animal waste bone that contains hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral) as heterogeneous catalysts. The soybean oil used was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) and the cow bone catalyst produced was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The effects of the variation of methanol/oil mole ratio (9–15), catalyst concentration (10–20 wt/wt%) and reaction temperature (55–65 °C) on biodiesel yield during the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Reaction time of 3 hours and stirring rate of 500 rpm were kept constant. It was observed that the calcination of cow bone catalyst (at 800 °C) enhanced its conversion to apatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH] and increased the yield of biodiesel obtained. Biodiesel yield results revealed an optimum condition of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9, catalyst concentration of 15 wt/wt% and reaction temperature of 55 °C. Also, the results obtained showed that the performance trends of the two catalysts used were similar. And the close values of highest biodiesel yields obtained when the two heterogenous catalysts were used separately (yields of 94.8 and 92.2% using calcium oxide and calcined cow bone catalysts respectively) implies that the use of low-cost and readily available calcined cow bone catalyst is a promising alternative to CaO catalyst.
{"title":"Production of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil Using Calcium Oxide and Cow Bone as Catalysts","authors":"A. Ayoola, Igho E. Blessing, R. Babalola, M. Ojewumi, A. Ogunbiyi, O. Abatan, O. Fayomi","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1530","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel was produced from the transesterification of soybean oil using calcium oxide and cow bone (an animal waste bone that contains hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral) as heterogeneous catalysts. The soybean oil used was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) and the cow bone catalyst produced was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The effects of the variation of methanol/oil mole ratio (9–15), catalyst concentration (10–20 wt/wt%) and reaction temperature (55–65 °C) on biodiesel yield during the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. Reaction time of 3 hours and stirring rate of 500 rpm were kept constant. It was observed that the calcination of cow bone catalyst (at 800 °C) enhanced its conversion to apatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH] and increased the yield of biodiesel obtained. Biodiesel yield results revealed an optimum condition of methanol/oil mole ratio of 9, catalyst concentration of 15 wt/wt% and reaction temperature of 55 °C. Also, the results obtained showed that the performance trends of the two catalysts used were similar. And the close values of highest biodiesel yields obtained when the two heterogenous catalysts were used separately (yields of 94.8 and 92.2% using calcium oxide and calcined cow bone catalysts respectively) implies that the use of low-cost and readily available calcined cow bone catalyst is a promising alternative to CaO catalyst.","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72959169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on the electroplating of Zn–Nb2O5 coatings of mild steel were considered in this research work. The hardness performance and corrosion resistance of the coated samples were analysed using Emco-test microhardness tester and Autolab PGSTAT 101 Metrohmpotentiostat/galvanostat. The results of the research showed that Zn–10Nb2O5–SiO2 coatings displayed preferable hardness property and corrosion resistance compared to Zn–10Nb2O5 coating. Also, the incremental addition of SiO2 nanoparticles improved the hardness behaviour and corrosion resistance of Zn–10Nb2O5 coatings.
{"title":"Anti-Corrosion and High Temperature Thermal Treatment of SiO2 Crystal Induced on Zinc Electrolyte on Mild Steel","authors":"A. Ayoola, O. Fayomi, A. Popoola","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1543","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on the electroplating of Zn–Nb2O5 coatings of mild steel were considered in this research work. The hardness performance and corrosion resistance of the coated samples were analysed using Emco-test microhardness tester and Autolab PGSTAT 101 Metrohmpotentiostat/galvanostat. The results of the research showed that Zn–10Nb2O5–SiO2 coatings displayed preferable hardness property and corrosion resistance compared to Zn–10Nb2O5 coating. Also, the incremental addition of SiO2 nanoparticles improved the hardness behaviour and corrosion resistance of Zn–10Nb2O5 coatings.","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79677835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ziti, B. Hartiti, H. Labrim, S. Fadili, A. Ridah, S. B. Mari, M. Mollar, P. Thevenin
{"title":"Elaboration and Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Absorber Layer by Sol Gel Method for Solar Cells Applications","authors":"A. Ziti, B. Hartiti, H. Labrim, S. Fadili, A. Ridah, S. B. Mari, M. Mollar, P. Thevenin","doi":"10.1166/mat.2018.1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2018.1547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"24 1","pages":"473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78235624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dry Friction and Wear Characteristics of Some Reactive Elements—Doped Niobium Carbide Coatings","authors":"E. Abakay, M. Durmaz, Ş. Şen, U. Şen","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88202513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Nnaji, J. Agunsoye, M. A. Bodude, O. Fayomi, I. Talabi
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Modified Fluorescent Glass-Ceramics Composite from Waste Materials","authors":"R. Nnaji, J. Agunsoye, M. A. Bodude, O. Fayomi, I. Talabi","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83622386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genesis of Rhombohedral Structures and Mode of Polytype Transformations in Close Packing of Identical Atoms","authors":"M. Wahab, Khurram Mujtaba Wahab","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81548684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kotbi, B. Hartiti, S. Fadili, A. Ridah, P. Thevenin
{"title":"Growth and Characterization of CuInS2 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications","authors":"A. Kotbi, B. Hartiti, S. Fadili, A. Ridah, P. Thevenin","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84232563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. M. Kharade, A. R. Babar, S. S. Dhasade, B. Karche, D. J. Salunkhe
{"title":"Electrochemical Study of Galvanostatistically Deposited Cr2O3 Thin Film for Supercapacitor","authors":"P. M. Kharade, A. R. Babar, S. S. Dhasade, B. Karche, D. J. Salunkhe","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Padhi, S. Gosavi, Ramdayal Yadav, B. Kandasubramanian
{"title":"Quantitative Evolution of Wetting Phenomena for Super Hydrophobic Surfaces","authors":"S. Padhi, S. Gosavi, Ramdayal Yadav, B. Kandasubramanian","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83138829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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