Investigating microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) of concrete in bacillus and the durability of crack-filled repair structures were the goals of this work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-healing effect of concrete in bacillus and the strength of crack-filled repair structures. The characteristics of calcium carbonate particles and the performance of those penetrating cement were observed using optical microscopy. The cement block pressure test was used to study the factors affecting the healing rate of concrete materials mixed with microorganisms. The results showed that the microorganisms had good microscopic morphology. Microbial mixed soil had good compression resistance, and the ability to play a repairing role in mixed soil composite materials was that organisms could be attached to the concrete tightly. The main fracture behavior of the mixed soil was a small-hole rupture, while no macroscopic damage or large-pore ruptures were observed in the mixed soil matrix. Sporosarcina pasteurii exhibited better potential than Bacillus subtilis and could act as a self-healing agent in the concrete. The test results proved that S. pasteurii produced a colloidal adhesive to fill and repair cracks. The study designed concrete of different densities to create cubes having different compressive strengths, water permeability, and water absorption to further observe the ability of Bacillus to fill the cracks and prevent water penetration. The results showed a 60 % increase in the compressive strength of the coarse aggregate experimental sample and a 36 % decrease in the compressive strength of the fine aggregate experimental sample, relative to the same properties in the control sterile sample. Samples indicating the use of bacteria in the aggregate were denser and less porous. It was proven that the use of microorganisms could achieve self-healing ability in concrete materials, fill up pores, and establish functional effects.
{"title":"The Effect of Self-Healing Microorganism-Encapsulating Concrete on Enhancing Concrete Compressive Strength","authors":"Ming Ta CHEN, Hui Yi LIN","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.33751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.33751","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) of concrete in bacillus and the durability of crack-filled repair structures were the goals of this work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-healing effect of concrete in bacillus and the strength of crack-filled repair structures. The characteristics of calcium carbonate particles and the performance of those penetrating cement were observed using optical microscopy. The cement block pressure test was used to study the factors affecting the healing rate of concrete materials mixed with microorganisms. The results showed that the microorganisms had good microscopic morphology. Microbial mixed soil had good compression resistance, and the ability to play a repairing role in mixed soil composite materials was that organisms could be attached to the concrete tightly. The main fracture behavior of the mixed soil was a small-hole rupture, while no macroscopic damage or large-pore ruptures were observed in the mixed soil matrix. Sporosarcina pasteurii exhibited better potential than Bacillus subtilis and could act as a self-healing agent in the concrete. The test results proved that S. pasteurii produced a colloidal adhesive to fill and repair cracks. The study designed concrete of different densities to create cubes having different compressive strengths, water permeability, and water absorption to further observe the ability of Bacillus to fill the cracks and prevent water penetration. The results showed a 60 % increase in the compressive strength of the coarse aggregate experimental sample and a 36 % decrease in the compressive strength of the fine aggregate experimental sample, relative to the same properties in the control sterile sample. Samples indicating the use of bacteria in the aggregate were denser and less porous. It was proven that the use of microorganisms could achieve self-healing ability in concrete materials, fill up pores, and establish functional effects.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"17 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoai Han NGUYEN, Quang Hai TRAN, Young Seok KIM, Young-Sang CHO
This study fabricated a functional coating layer for transparent electrodes using antimony tin oxide nanopowder. The wet grinding method was employed to create a stable dispersion solution of antimony tin oxide nanopowder with aminopropyl tri-methoxysilane and acetyl acetone as primary dispersing agents. Various concentrations of these dispersing agents were used to determine optimal conditions, followed by a gel reaction to form a stable solution. The primary objective was to provide a viable alternative to indium-based transparent electrodes, specifically indium tin oxide, by incorporating antimony oxide. This approach not only addresses limitations associated with indium, but also enhances mechanical properties. The methodology involves the utilization of antimony tin oxide nanopowder and various solvents including ethanol and aforementioned dispersing agents to create a stable antimony tin oxide sol through wet grinding. Effects of dispersant concentration and milling time on the secondary particle size of the antimony tin oxide sol were thoroughly evaluated. Furthermore, this study examined sheet resistance of resulting coating layers by conducting a comparative analysis between antimony tin oxide and indium tin oxide under similar conditions. Findings of this study meticulously detailed in subsequent sections of the manuscript provide valuable insights into optimizing the entire process, encompassing synthesis, coating, heat treatment, and the production of high-quality transparent conductive coatings. These techniques and outcomes can significantly contribute to the development of more sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to traditional indium-based transparent electrodes.
{"title":"Fabrication of Functional Coating Layer for Emerging Transparent Electrodes using Antimony Tin Oxide Nano-colloid","authors":"Hoai Han NGUYEN, Quang Hai TRAN, Young Seok KIM, Young-Sang CHO","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34452","url":null,"abstract":"This study fabricated a functional coating layer for transparent electrodes using antimony tin oxide nanopowder. The wet grinding method was employed to create a stable dispersion solution of antimony tin oxide nanopowder with aminopropyl tri-methoxysilane and acetyl acetone as primary dispersing agents. Various concentrations of these dispersing agents were used to determine optimal conditions, followed by a gel reaction to form a stable solution. The primary objective was to provide a viable alternative to indium-based transparent electrodes, specifically indium tin oxide, by incorporating antimony oxide. This approach not only addresses limitations associated with indium, but also enhances mechanical properties. The methodology involves the utilization of antimony tin oxide nanopowder and various solvents including ethanol and aforementioned dispersing agents to create a stable antimony tin oxide sol through wet grinding. Effects of dispersant concentration and milling time on the secondary particle size of the antimony tin oxide sol were thoroughly evaluated. Furthermore, this study examined sheet resistance of resulting coating layers by conducting a comparative analysis between antimony tin oxide and indium tin oxide under similar conditions. Findings of this study meticulously detailed in subsequent sections of the manuscript provide valuable insights into optimizing the entire process, encompassing synthesis, coating, heat treatment, and the production of high-quality transparent conductive coatings. These techniques and outcomes can significantly contribute to the development of more sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to traditional indium-based transparent electrodes.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"91 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, an Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) for packaging high-power electronic devices was created using hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) mixture-based Thermally Conductive Adhesive (TCA) and copper plate with a matte side. Mechanical exfoliation of micron-scale BN particles results in a BN mixture containing h-BN nanosheets, micron particles, and nanoparticles. TCA was synthesized by dispersing a 40 % BN mixture modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) into epoxy resin. The TCA has a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.48 W·m-1·K-1 and a breakdown strength of 15.32 kV·mm-1. As the TCA film was coated on the matte side of the copper plate, the peel strength can reach 1.63 N·mm-1, indicating excellent practicality in the field of electronic packaging.
{"title":"Fabrication of High-Performance Insulated Metal Substrates Employing h-BN Mixture/Epoxy Composite Coated on Roughened Copper Plate","authors":"Zhigang LI, Yigang HE, Hao ZHAO, Jianyu WU, Zhenbo ZHAO","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34711","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) for packaging high-power electronic devices was created using hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) mixture-based Thermally Conductive Adhesive (TCA) and copper plate with a matte side. Mechanical exfoliation of micron-scale BN particles results in a BN mixture containing h-BN nanosheets, micron particles, and nanoparticles. TCA was synthesized by dispersing a 40 % BN mixture modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) into epoxy resin. The TCA has a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.48 W·m-1·K-1 and a breakdown strength of 15.32 kV·mm-1. As the TCA film was coated on the matte side of the copper plate, the peel strength can reach 1.63 N·mm-1, indicating excellent practicality in the field of electronic packaging.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"93 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin LI, Yu WANG, Xiaoming YU, Yanxia JI, Mei-Ling ZHUANG
In the present study, capric acid and myrisic acid were first selected to prepare a capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixture using a compounding method. Then, the thermal properties, structural stability and weight loss of capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixtures were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetry. Finally, the activation energy and reaction order of the capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixture during solid-liquid transformation were calculated using the phase change kinetic methods of Kissinger and Ozawa. The results indicate that capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixtures have good thermal cycle stability and stable energy storage in practical applications. The activation energies of capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixtures were calculated using the phase change kinetic methods of Kissinger and Ozawa, with values of 345.6 KJ/mol and 333.3 KJ/mol, respectively, indicating that both phase change kinetic methods have good accuracy.
{"title":"Performance and Phase Change Kinetic Investigations on Capric-Myristic Acid Eutectic Mixtures for Energy-Saving Construction","authors":"Lin LI, Yu WANG, Xiaoming YU, Yanxia JI, Mei-Ling ZHUANG","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34780","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, capric acid and myrisic acid were first selected to prepare a capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixture using a compounding method. Then, the thermal properties, structural stability and weight loss of capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixtures were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetry. Finally, the activation energy and reaction order of the capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixture during solid-liquid transformation were calculated using the phase change kinetic methods of Kissinger and Ozawa. The results indicate that capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixtures have good thermal cycle stability and stable energy storage in practical applications. The activation energies of capric acid-myrisic acid eutectic mixtures were calculated using the phase change kinetic methods of Kissinger and Ozawa, with values of 345.6 KJ/mol and 333.3 KJ/mol, respectively, indicating that both phase change kinetic methods have good accuracy.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"41 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I In the scope of the study, the use of waste phonolite (PW) obtained from phonolite wastewater formed during the processing of phonolite stone blocks as filler in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) was investigated. For this purpose, samples were produced with 4 %, 5 %, and 6 % PW mineral filler and 5 % limestone (LS) mineral filler. Phonolite supplied as waste was sieved through a sieve no 200 and made ready for use as a filler. HMA specimens were prepared with PW and LS at the rates of 3.5 %, 4 %, 4.5 %, 5 %, 5.5 %, and 6 % bitumen. For each filler ratio, a bituminous hot mix design was made by the Marshall method and optimum bitumen ratios (OBR) were determined. Bituminous hot mixture specimens were prepared based on OBR. Retained Marshall stability (RMS) test, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture damage resistance tests and Marshall stability (MS) test after the freeze-thaw (F-T) cycle was applied to the prepared Marshall samples. The results obtained were evaluated according to the Turkish Highway Technical Specification (HTS). As a result, it was determined that the PW could be used as filler in HMA under low-intensity traffic.
{"title":"Use of Waste Phonolite as Filler Material in Flexible Asphalt Pavements","authors":"Nihat MOROVA","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34101","url":null,"abstract":"I In the scope of the study, the use of waste phonolite (PW) obtained from phonolite wastewater formed during the processing of phonolite stone blocks as filler in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) was investigated. For this purpose, samples were produced with 4 %, 5 %, and 6 % PW mineral filler and 5 % limestone (LS) mineral filler. Phonolite supplied as waste was sieved through a sieve no 200 and made ready for use as a filler. HMA specimens were prepared with PW and LS at the rates of 3.5 %, 4 %, 4.5 %, 5 %, 5.5 %, and 6 % bitumen. For each filler ratio, a bituminous hot mix design was made by the Marshall method and optimum bitumen ratios (OBR) were determined. Bituminous hot mixture specimens were prepared based on OBR. Retained Marshall stability (RMS) test, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture damage resistance tests and Marshall stability (MS) test after the freeze-thaw (F-T) cycle was applied to the prepared Marshall samples. The results obtained were evaluated according to the Turkish Highway Technical Specification (HTS). As a result, it was determined that the PW could be used as filler in HMA under low-intensity traffic.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"55 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaohua LIANG, Teddrick SCHAFFER, Abdus SOBHAN, Matthew BIESECKER, Zhongjiu YANG, Chenyu HAN, Jie HU, Alevtina SMIRNOVA, Zhengrong GU
Lithium metal is recognized as the anticipated anode for rechargeable batteries because of its inherent physicochemical properties. Unfortunately, the industrialization of Li metal anodes (LMAs) has been entangled in some intractable problems stemming from the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, which could result in the issue of short-circuit, thereby leading to cell failure. Here, a three-dimensional structured Cu pyramid array (CPA@CF) is constructed on planar Cu foil (CF) by the simple electrodeposition method. Owing to the features of large surface area and 3D porous structure, the proposed CPA@CF not only can promote Li-ion diffusion and charge transfer, but also effectively slow down the volume change of Li. Consequently, an even and steady Li plating/stripping process up to 360 h is realized using such a CPA@CF current collector. The Li@CPA@CF|LiFePO4 full cell achieves an excellent Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.3 % for 160 cycles at 0.3 C with a superior capacity retention of 84.2 %.
{"title":"3D Cu Pyramid Array Grown on Planar Cu Foil for Stable and Dendrite-free Lithium Deposition","authors":"Yaohua LIANG, Teddrick SCHAFFER, Abdus SOBHAN, Matthew BIESECKER, Zhongjiu YANG, Chenyu HAN, Jie HU, Alevtina SMIRNOVA, Zhengrong GU","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34077","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium metal is recognized as the anticipated anode for rechargeable batteries because of its inherent physicochemical properties. Unfortunately, the industrialization of Li metal anodes (LMAs) has been entangled in some intractable problems stemming from the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, which could result in the issue of short-circuit, thereby leading to cell failure. Here, a three-dimensional structured Cu pyramid array (CPA@CF) is constructed on planar Cu foil (CF) by the simple electrodeposition method. Owing to the features of large surface area and 3D porous structure, the proposed CPA@CF not only can promote Li-ion diffusion and charge transfer, but also effectively slow down the volume change of Li. Consequently, an even and steady Li plating/stripping process up to 360 h is realized using such a CPA@CF current collector. The Li@CPA@CF|LiFePO4 full cell achieves an excellent Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.3 % for 160 cycles at 0.3 C with a superior capacity retention of 84.2 %.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"16 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Do Trung Kien KIEU, Ngoc Minh HUYNH, Vu Uyen Nhi NGUYEN, Quang Minh DO
Due to the low melting temperature, the glazes based on the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO system are used as coatings on the surface of industrial glass substrates. Moreover, the composition of these coatings does not contain PbO, meeting the optical and environmental properties requirements. In this study, TiO2 was used in the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO glaze system to improve its photocatalytic ability. This can be considered a four – component glass system Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2. The heating microscopy results show that the melting temperature of the glaze system is 606 °C. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the TiO2 polyhedra are located independently in the structure without participating in forming a glass network. Thanks to that, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are maintained. The X-ray diffraction patterns results show that the formed TiO2 nanocrystals are rutile and anatase crystals. The results of determining the band gap energy using UV-Vis show that the band gap energy of the base glaze system increases with the addition of TiO2. The methylene blue decomposition results also showed that the ability to decompose organic increased when TiO2 was added to the glaze coating. The characteristics such as melting temperature, microstructure, and photocatalytic capacity of Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 white glazes (5 and 10 % weight of TiO2) also were indicated in this paper.
{"title":"The Photocatalytic Activity of the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 Glass Coating","authors":"Do Trung Kien KIEU, Ngoc Minh HUYNH, Vu Uyen Nhi NGUYEN, Quang Minh DO","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34733","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the low melting temperature, the glazes based on the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO system are used as coatings on the surface of industrial glass substrates. Moreover, the composition of these coatings does not contain PbO, meeting the optical and environmental properties requirements. In this study, TiO2 was used in the Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO glaze system to improve its photocatalytic ability. This can be considered a four – component glass system Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2. The heating microscopy results show that the melting temperature of the glaze system is 606 °C. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the TiO2 polyhedra are located independently in the structure without participating in forming a glass network. Thanks to that, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are maintained. The X-ray diffraction patterns results show that the formed TiO2 nanocrystals are rutile and anatase crystals. The results of determining the band gap energy using UV-Vis show that the band gap energy of the base glaze system increases with the addition of TiO2. The methylene blue decomposition results also showed that the ability to decompose organic increased when TiO2 was added to the glaze coating. The characteristics such as melting temperature, microstructure, and photocatalytic capacity of Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-TiO2 white glazes (5 and 10 % weight of TiO2) also were indicated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ocean Observation Systems (OOS) group of the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) is involved in the design, development and sustenance of moored data buoys in the Indian Seas. The moored buoy systems deployed in the Northern Indian Ocean provide real-time, continuous observation of surface meteorological and oceanographic parameters which help in monitoring extreme weather events and natural disasters such as cyclones and tsunamis. Buoy components are of different sizes and shapes and are made of various materials, including metals and plastics. However, due to unique and critical design requirements, the development of deep-sea components faces hurdles caused by manufacturing limitations. The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) has met the demand for quickly producing parts. Due to the high pressure and low temperature conditions, it is extremely difficult to design and develop deep sea components. Consequently, High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) material has been selected for the subsurface floats. The float is manufactured using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing technique in the Fabheads 1K FDM printer with pellet based extrusion method. These subsurface floats are used at a water depth of 500 m in NIOT buoy systems, with a working pressure of approximately 50 bar. Taking a factor of safety of two into account, the part is designed to withstand 100 bar. To assess the component's performance under deep-sea hydrostatic conditions, it underwent testing in the hyperbaric chamber test facility at NIOT. During the qualification process, the component successfully withstood the design pressure of 100 bar and imploded at 102 bar. This study is part of NIOT's ongoing efforts to indigenize deep-sea components using AM and assess its future prospects.
{"title":"Indigenization of Buoy Components Using Additive Manufacturing Technique","authors":"Thirumurugan KARUPPIAH, Shanmuga Sundaram KARIBEERAN, Murugesh POTHIKASALAM, Tata SUDHAKAR","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34062","url":null,"abstract":"The Ocean Observation Systems (OOS) group of the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) is involved in the design, development and sustenance of moored data buoys in the Indian Seas. The moored buoy systems deployed in the Northern Indian Ocean provide real-time, continuous observation of surface meteorological and oceanographic parameters which help in monitoring extreme weather events and natural disasters such as cyclones and tsunamis. Buoy components are of different sizes and shapes and are made of various materials, including metals and plastics. However, due to unique and critical design requirements, the development of deep-sea components faces hurdles caused by manufacturing limitations. The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) has met the demand for quickly producing parts. Due to the high pressure and low temperature conditions, it is extremely difficult to design and develop deep sea components. Consequently, High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) material has been selected for the subsurface floats. The float is manufactured using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing technique in the Fabheads 1K FDM printer with pellet based extrusion method. These subsurface floats are used at a water depth of 500 m in NIOT buoy systems, with a working pressure of approximately 50 bar. Taking a factor of safety of two into account, the part is designed to withstand 100 bar. To assess the component's performance under deep-sea hydrostatic conditions, it underwent testing in the hyperbaric chamber test facility at NIOT. During the qualification process, the component successfully withstood the design pressure of 100 bar and imploded at 102 bar. This study is part of NIOT's ongoing efforts to indigenize deep-sea components using AM and assess its future prospects.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the mechanical behavior and resistance to moisture damage of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete with the addition of Milled Carbon Fiber (MCF) were experimentally investigated. For this purpose, the gradation curve within the boundaries of the Turkish highway construction specifications (HTS) has been determined. By keeping the determined gradation constant, MCF was added at different rates (1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %, 2.5 %, 3 %) by weight of the mixture. In the study, first, optimum bitumen ratios (OBR) of pure control samples (0 %-Control) without MCF and mixtures with MCF additives were determined by using the Marshall design method. To determine the OBR, samples were prepared with bitumen content of 3.5 %, 4 %, 4.5 %, 5 %, 5.5 %, and 6 % at each carbon additive ratio. The mixture samples prepared using the specified OBRs were subjected to Marshall stability (MS) and flow, as well as to retained Marshall stability (RMS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture damage resistance tests. According to the test results, it was observed that the MS values of the asphalt concrete with MCF additives increased at certain carbon additive ratios, while the flow values decreased compared to the witness sample. It was determined that the RMS and indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) values of hot mixes with MCF-added bitumen increased and the moisture damage resistance of the mixes increased. As a result, when the optimum MCF ratio determined for the wearing course is used, it is thought that the engineering properties of HMA will improve.
{"title":"Investigation of Performance Properties of Milled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hot Mix Asphalt","authors":"Ayşe Cansel DURMAZ, Nihat MOROVA","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34075","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the mechanical behavior and resistance to moisture damage of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete with the addition of Milled Carbon Fiber (MCF) were experimentally investigated. For this purpose, the gradation curve within the boundaries of the Turkish highway construction specifications (HTS) has been determined. By keeping the determined gradation constant, MCF was added at different rates (1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %, 2.5 %, 3 %) by weight of the mixture. In the study, first, optimum bitumen ratios (OBR) of pure control samples (0 %-Control) without MCF and mixtures with MCF additives were determined by using the Marshall design method. To determine the OBR, samples were prepared with bitumen content of 3.5 %, 4 %, 4.5 %, 5 %, 5.5 %, and 6 % at each carbon additive ratio. The mixture samples prepared using the specified OBRs were subjected to Marshall stability (MS) and flow, as well as to retained Marshall stability (RMS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and moisture damage resistance tests. According to the test results, it was observed that the MS values of the asphalt concrete with MCF additives increased at certain carbon additive ratios, while the flow values decreased compared to the witness sample. It was determined that the RMS and indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) values of hot mixes with MCF-added bitumen increased and the moisture damage resistance of the mixes increased. As a result, when the optimum MCF ratio determined for the wearing course is used, it is thought that the engineering properties of HMA will improve.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caprolactam is in high demand in the new materials industry as a monomer for nylon and polyamides. Although the schemes of traditional processes such as hydroxylamine production (hydroxylamine sulphate oxime process, hydroxylamine phosphate oxime process, nitric oxide reduction process) and cyclohexanone production were still involved in the caprolactam production industry, the modern technical adaptations achieved higher atomic utilisation and higher selectivity. In this review, the basic traditional schemes for the production of caprolactam are for the first time presented. The modern technical adaptation, the rectification dehydrogenation of the by-product cyclohexane in cyclohexanone production, was highlighted to achieve an increase in atomic utilisation from 78 % to 98 %. The higher selectivity achieved with membrane separation resulted in a conversion of cyclohexanone of > 99.6 % and a selectivity of cyclohexanone oxime of > 99.5 %. In addition, the progress of the catalysts used in the modern technical adaptation was briefly discussed. This review highlights the modern process with atom economy and high selectivity.
{"title":"Industrial Process and Modern Technical Adaptations for Nylon 6 Monomer Caprolactam: A Mini Review","authors":"Jing HUANG, Qimin LIU, Wangcheng WU, Yuehong MA, Jianhui HUANG","doi":"10.5755/j02.ms.34061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.34061","url":null,"abstract":"Caprolactam is in high demand in the new materials industry as a monomer for nylon and polyamides. Although the schemes of traditional processes such as hydroxylamine production (hydroxylamine sulphate oxime process, hydroxylamine phosphate oxime process, nitric oxide reduction process) and cyclohexanone production were still involved in the caprolactam production industry, the modern technical adaptations achieved higher atomic utilisation and higher selectivity. In this review, the basic traditional schemes for the production of caprolactam are for the first time presented. The modern technical adaptation, the rectification dehydrogenation of the by-product cyclohexane in cyclohexanone production, was highlighted to achieve an increase in atomic utilisation from 78 % to 98 %. The higher selectivity achieved with membrane separation resulted in a conversion of cyclohexanone of > 99.6 % and a selectivity of cyclohexanone oxime of > 99.5 %. In addition, the progress of the catalysts used in the modern technical adaptation was briefly discussed. This review highlights the modern process with atom economy and high selectivity.","PeriodicalId":18298,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-medziagotyra","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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