Medical Molecular Morphology最新文献

This study evaluates the effects of different high-intensity focused ultrasound irradiation (HIFU) methods on local tumor suppression and systemic antitumor effects, including the abscopal effect, in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. To ascertain the efficacy of the treatment, pancreatic cancer cells were injected into the thighs of mice and HIFU was applied on one side using continuous waves or trigger pulse waves. Then, tumor volume, tissue changes, and immune marker levels were analyzed. Both the irradiation methods suppressed tumor growth, with the trigger pulse wave showing stronger effects and the difference being significant. Tumor suppression was also observed on the non-irradiated side, suggesting an abscopal effect. These effects vary depending on the irradiation method used. We conclude that HIFU induces both local tumor suppression and a systemic immune response, suggesting its potential for combination with immunotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

To date, pagetoid spread-the proliferation of pagetoid cells in intraepidermal lesions, as observed in secondary extramammary Paget's disease-has not been reported in squamous epithelium derived from the extension of head and neck carcinomas. Herein, we report a case of pagetoid squamous cell proliferation associated with a primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) arising in the periapical lesion of the maxilla, a finding not reported previously. A 60-year-old man presented with prostate adenocarcinoma and bilateral pubic bone, ilium bone, and sacral bone metastases. Radiological examination revealed a cyst that enveloped the apices of the left maxillary first molar roots. Histopathological examination of the cyst specimen indicated squamous cell carcinoma; hence, PIOC was suspected and partial left maxillectomy was performed. Histopathology results showed distant epitheliotrophic spread of atypical clear cells regarding the tumor. The epitheliotrophic cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK)19 and CK7 as odontogenic markers. These phenotypes were similar to those of tumor cells, suggesting pagetoid squamous cell proliferation associated with a PIOC arising. Although diagnosis of this condition is challenging, early detection is vital to ensure prompt treatment and improve patient prognosis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the spine and bone joints, which is characterized by hyperosteogeny, ossification of ligaments, and ankylosis. Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic compound with various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. It was to explore the effect of quercetin on AS ossification and its molecular mechanism. In vitro culture of AS mesenchymal stem cells was conducted. Cells were treated with 0, 10, 30, 60, and 80 μM quercetin, divided into control, 10 μM, 30 μM, 60 μM, and 80 μM groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB) were employed to investigate the effect of quercetin on the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins. Additionally, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Smad genes were knocked out to explore quercetin's regulation of BMP/Smad. In vivo experiments were conducted using 50 mice, including 10 in the normal group. An AS model was established in 36 mice, divided into negative control (n = 18, 0.9% saline) and quercetin groups (n = 18, quercetin). Safranin O-fast green (HE) staining and MicroCT scanning were performed before and 4 weeks after injection. In the 60 μM and 80 μM quercetin groups, ALP activity, Ca²⁺ deposition area, and relative protein/mRNA levels of BMP-1, BMP-2, Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 in AS mesenchymal stem cells were significantly lower compared to the control, 10 μM, and 30 μM groups (P < 0.05). The 80 μM group exhibited lower levels than the 60 μM group (P < 0.05). In the siRNA + 80 μM group, the reduction in mRNA expression of BMP1, BMP2, Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 was significantly greater compared to the siRNA group and the 80 μM group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks post-injection, mice in the quercetin group showed significantly reduced severity of articular cartilage lesions, lymphocyte infiltration, and tissue edema, with no significant increase in sacroiliac joint fusion. Quercetin downregulates the expression of BMP and Smad-related proteins, inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of AS mesenchymal stem cells and effectively reducing ALP activity and Ca²⁺ deposition levels. These findings suggest that quercetin holds potential application value in the control and treatment of AS disease.

We report a case of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) that developed at the site of a previous intraductal papilloma (IDP) with atypical ductal hyperplasia. This case supports IDP as a potential precursor lesion to SPC.

Helicobacter pylori possesses an intrabacterial nanotransportation system (ibNoTS) for transporting VacA, CagA, and urease within the bacterial cytoplasm. This system is controlled by the extrabacterial environment. The transport routes of the system for VacA have not yet been studied in detail. In this study, we demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that VacA localizes closely with the MreB filament in the bacterium, and the MreB polymerization inhibitor A22 obstructs the transport of VacA by ibNoTS. These findings indicate that the route of ibNoTS for VacA is closely associated with the MreB filament Additionally, it was confirmed that VacA does not closely associate with the bacterial filament FtsZ, which is involved in the transport of the virulence factor urease, as previously suggested. We propose that the route of ibNoTS for VacA is associated with the MreB filament in H. pylori.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare, potentially fatal, immune-mediated chronic disease characterized by the presence of bullous intraepithelial lesions on mucous membranes and skin. This study aimed to perform a systematic literature review covering PV clinical and histopathological aspects and treatment. The literature searches were carried out in the Pubmed, Periódicos Capes, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scielo databases. Articles in English or Spanish published from 2000 to 2022 comprising case reports, case series and literature reviews with case report were included. After the analyses, 21 articles were selected. PV generally presents in the third to sixth decades of life and exhibits no gender predilection. The disease manifests itself clinically through irregular and painful blisters that rupture, resulting in erosion and ulceration areas. Histopathologically, the presence of an intraepithelial cleft located above the basal layer and acantholysis are observed. Standard treatment encompasses systemic and topical corticosteroids, with prednisolone being widely employed. Management consists of a remission induction phase and a maintenance phase. An early and accurate diagnosis is paramount to quickly initiate treatment, resulting in more favorable prognoses, as the choice of treatment and responses depend on the severity of the disease. Registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): Number CRD42024497313.

Aim: The coenzyme sulfite oxidase (SUOX), located in mitochondria, plays a role in redox and metabolism. Its expression has been associated with cancer progression and prognosis. Lung cancer has a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. We aim to clarify its expression in lung adenocarcinomas and investigated the utility of SUOX expression as a recurrence factor in operable lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: We used 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of operable primary lung adenocarcinoma between 2017 and 2018 to immunohistochemically assess SUOX expression levels. Patients were classified into a high or low SUOX expression group, and the associations of SUOX expression with clinicopathological findings and recurrence were analyzed.

Results: We revealed that high SUOX expression was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with sex, low Brinkman index, histological type, histological grade and positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. High SUOX expression (HR = 10.218, 95% CI 1.758‒59.376, p = 0.0096) and pathological Stage (HR = 7.538, 95% CI 1.95‒29.14, p = 0.0034) were independently associated with relapse free survival.

Conclusion: High SUOX expression may be a new indicator of recurrence risk in surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas.

This study aimed to evaluate corneal findings of pterygium cases using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) which is a non-invasive and repeatable method. In this case-control study, 54 patients diagnosed with pterygium and 50 healthy controls were investigated, between 2020 and 2021. After a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, the central corneas of all participants were evaluated by corneal IVCM. Surface epithelial cell, wing cells, basal epithelial cells, nerve fiber density, nerve branch density, anterior and posterior stroma keratocyte densities were measured. Corneas from cases with and without pterygium were similar in terms of age (p = 0.306) and gender (p = 0.564). No statistically significant differences were found in the epithelium cell counts including surface, wing, and basal cells between the two groups (p = 0.950, p = 0.334, and p = 0.624, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in subepithelial nerve fiber density (p = 0.849), nerve branch density (p = 0.752), and posterior stromal keratocyte density (p = 0.683) between corneas from cases with and without pterygium. However, corneas from cases with pterygium had significantly higher scores in anterior stromal keratocyte density than those from cases without pterygium (p = 0.045). Corneas from grades 1, 2, and 3 pterygium were similar in cell counts, anterior and posterior stromal keratocyte densities (p > 0.05). However, patients with grade 1 had significantly increased nerve fiber density (p = 0.015) and nerve branch density (p = 0.001) than those with grade 2 and grade 3 pterygium. Corneal IVCM may be useful to better understand the corneal microstructure in cases with pterygium. Comprehensive research on the subject is needed.

Oral epithelial dysplasia includes a range of clinical oral mucosal diseases with potentially malignant traits. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are potential candidates for cell-based therapies targeting various diseases. However, the effect of DPSCs on the progression of oral mucosal precancerous lesions remains unclear. Animal experiments were conducted to assess the effect of human DPSCs (hDPSCs). We measured the proliferation, motility and mitochondrial respiratory function of the human dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells cocultured with hDPSCs. Mitochondrial transfer experiments were performed to determine the role mitochondria from hDPSCs in the malignant transformation of DOK cells. hDPSCs injection accelerated carcinogenesis in 4NQO-induced oral epithelial dysplasia in mice. Coculture with hDPSCs increased the proliferation, migration, invasion and mitochondrial respiratory function of DOK cells. Mitochondria from hDPSCs could be transferred to DOK cells, and activated mTOR signaling pathway in DOK cells. Our study demonstrates that hDPSCs activate the mTOR signaling pathway through mitochondrial transfer, promoting the malignant transformation of oral precancerous epithelial lesions.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system. While CHL typically responds well to conventional treatments, some cases may experience relapse to other subtypes, with the development of secondary peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) being relatively uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of nodal T follicular helper cell lymphomas,nos (nTFHL-NOS) secondary to CHL, accompanied by aberrant CD20 expression and clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (IG). A 74-year-old male, was diagnosed with CHL, leaning toward the mixed cell type, 6 years ago. He received six cycles of the Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen, achieving complete clinical remission. The patient was admitted to our hospital due to the appearance of multiple skin nodules 66 months later. Histopathological analysis revealed nTFHL-NOS, with aberrant CD20 expression and clonal rearrangements of TCR and IG. The patient underwent two cycles of chemotherapy with brentuximab vedotin and the Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin (G-mox) regimen, resulting in a reduction of the skin lesions to 2 cm × 1 cm. We discuss this rare case and review related literature.