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Train timetable and stopping plan generation based on cross-line passenger flow in high-speed railway network 基于高速铁路网跨线客流的列车时刻表和停车计划生成
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241259334
Yuqiang Wang
Considering the real scenario in China, in order to decrease passenger transfer, cross-line trains are scheduled extensively for the large number of cross-line passenger flow. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a more practical approach aiming to schedule more trains within a limit time horizon by both main-line train and cross-line train scheduling optimization (train timetable and stopping plan optimization). We find that the train scheduling and passenger assignment problems are multi-commodity flow problems. The trains (as the users) share the railway capacities (as the resource) in a high-speed railway network, and the passengers (as the users) share the train carrying capacities (as the resource). Thus, based on this, we formulate two space–time networks—train and passenger space–time networks—to present the train operation and the passenger flow, respectively. In addition, we regard train disturbances in different directions as different train headways at cross-line stations to optimize train scheduling practically. Sequentially, a mixed-integer linear programing model with headway and coupling constraints is formulated. To solve the model efficiently for a large-scale application, we decompose the problem into two space–time path-searching sub-problems based on the passenger and train space–time networks by the Lagrangian relaxation and alternating direction method of multipliers decomposition methods. Finally, we adopt the Taiyuan–Dezhou and Zhengzhou–Beijing high-speed railway networks in a practical experiment, and an experiment without cross-line operation is designed to test the effect of cross-line operation. The results show the proposed approach can obtain a no-conflict timetable and all the passenger demand can be satisfied, meanwhile, the capacity can improve 20.7% when the cross-line operation is not considered.
考虑到中国的实际情况,为了减少旅客换乘,跨线列车在大量跨线客流中被大量调度。因此,本文提出了一种更为实用的方法,旨在通过干线列车和跨线列车的调度优化(列车时刻表和停车计划优化),在有限的时间范围内安排更多的列车。我们发现,列车调度和乘客分配问题是多商品流问题。在高速铁路网中,列车(作为用户)共享铁路能力(作为资源),乘客(作为用户)共享列车运载能力(作为资源)。因此,在此基础上,我们建立了两个时空网络--列车时空网络和乘客时空网络--来分别呈现列车运行和客流情况。此外,我们将不同方向的列车干扰视为跨线车站的不同列车班次,以切实优化列车调度。我们依次建立了一个带有车头和耦合约束的混合整数线性规划模型。为了在大规模应用中高效求解该模型,我们通过拉格朗日松弛法和交替方向乘法分解法,将问题分解为基于乘客和列车时空网络的两个时空路径搜索子问题。最后,我们采用太原-德州和郑州-北京高速铁路网进行了实际实验,并设计了一个不跨线运行的实验来检验跨线运行的效果。结果表明,所提出的方法可以得到无冲突时刻表,并能满足所有客流需求,同时,在不考虑跨线运行的情况下,运能可提高 20.7%。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing water pressure sensing in challenging environments: A strain gage technology integrated with deep learning approach 增强挑战性环境中的水压感应:应变计技术与深度学习方法相结合
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241256802
Thanh Q Nguyen, Vu Ba Tu, Duong N Nguyen
The manuscript introduces a novel approach to design and construct a pore water pressure sensor utilizing strain gage technology integrated with deep learning principles. This sensor type is specifically tailored for measuring pressure at the vertex of pile bases in structures with substantial load-bearing capacity. While existing pressure sensors employing strain gage technology are available, this research addresses a unique measurement model suited for deep-water environments characterized by high corrosiveness and heavy loads. Consequently, the manuscript proposes design innovations aimed at optimizing the sensor’s form and dimensions to accommodate these demanding conditions. Computational simulations are conducted to perform relevant calculations, with results validated through rigorous analysis and experimentation against real-world datasets. Moreover, the study incorporates a pioneering deep learning-based data acquisition model to enhance output values, a feature currently underutilized in sensor technology. The findings demonstrate the viability of the proposed water pressure sensor model in various challenging working environments. This research underscores the potential for proactive manufacturing of sensors in diverse configurations, emphasizing adaptability and efficiency.
该手稿介绍了一种利用应变计技术并结合深度学习原理来设计和构建孔隙水压力传感器的新方法。这种传感器专门用于测量具有较大承载能力的结构中桩基顶点的压力。虽然现有的压力传感器都采用了应变片技术,但本研究针对的是一种独特的测量模型,适合于以高腐蚀性和重负荷为特征的深水环境。因此,手稿提出了创新设计方案,旨在优化传感器的外形和尺寸,以适应这些苛刻的条件。通过计算模拟进行相关计算,并根据实际数据集进行严格的分析和实验,对结果进行验证。此外,该研究还采用了一种基于深度学习的开创性数据采集模型来提高输出值,而这一功能目前在传感器技术中尚未得到充分利用。研究结果证明了所提出的水压传感器模型在各种具有挑战性的工作环境中的可行性。这项研究强调了以不同配置主动制造传感器的潜力,强调了适应性和效率。
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引用次数: 0
Photovoltaic MPPT control and improvement strategies considering environmental factors: based on PID-type sliding mode control and improved grey wolf optimization 考虑环境因素的光伏 MPPT 控制和改进策略:基于 PID 型滑模控制和改进型灰狼优化法
Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241258821
Leijia Liu
Given the importance of promoting a greener and more sustainable future, it is crucial to promptly tackle and improve the issues surrounding carbon emissions and inefficiency linked to traditional energy sources. This study presents a new optimization method for PV systems. It combines an IGWO Algorithm with PID-type SMC to enhance the effectiveness of MPPT. Using IGWO, the optimal MPP voltage is determined even in the face of changing environmental conditions. Afterwards, the PID-type SMC adjusts the actual output voltage of the Boost based on the expected voltage to generate the required duty cycle. The integrated approach considers the natural fluctuations in PV systems, where changes in the environment can greatly affect the maximum power point. An in-depth evaluation was conducted using simulation software based on MATLAB, and a practical testing platform was built accordingly. The simulation and experimental results in real-world scenarios show that the new MPPT strategy has excellent overall performance and can quickly determine and track the voltage value for MPP compared to established algorithms. This study lays the groundwork for applying IGWO and new SMC control theories in the field of renewable energy generation. It also contributes to the development of MPPT technology, considering the challenges posed by the controlled environment.
鉴于促进更环保、更可持续的未来的重要性,及时解决和改善与传统能源相关的碳排放和低效率问题至关重要。本研究提出了一种新的光伏系统优化方法。它将 IGWO 算法与 PID 型 SMC 相结合,以提高 MPPT 的有效性。利用 IGWO,即使面对不断变化的环境条件,也能确定最佳 MPP 电压。然后,PID 型 SMC 根据预期电压调整升压器的实际输出电压,以产生所需的占空比。这种综合方法考虑了光伏系统的自然波动,因为环境的变化会极大地影响最大功率点。我们使用基于 MATLAB 的仿真软件进行了深入评估,并建立了相应的实际测试平台。实际场景中的仿真和实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,新的 MPPT 策略具有出色的综合性能,能快速确定并跟踪 MPP 的电压值。这项研究为在可再生能源发电领域应用 IGWO 和新的 SMC 控制理论奠定了基础。考虑到受控环境带来的挑战,它还有助于 MPPT 技术的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Tracking controller design for quadrotor UAVs under external disturbances using a high-order sliding mode-assisted disturbance observer 利用高阶滑模辅助扰动观测器为外部扰动下的四旋翼无人机设计跟踪控制器
Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241252724
Zheng Sun, Min Xiao, Di Li, Jia Chu
Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in agricultural fields for aerial photography are susceptible to external disturbances. The disturbances result in trajectory deviation and irregular image overlapping that considerably degrade image quality. Disturbance observers (DOs) are commonly researched for counteracting these effects but may have delays and limitations in handling diverse and high-frequency disturbances. To this end, this work proposes a continuous high-order sliding mode-assisted DO (HSMDO) with limited time convergence characteristics for the estimation of disturbances in systems. The observer consists of a classical nonlinear DO (NDO) and a sliding mode-assisted system (SMAS). The NDO is used to estimate disturbances preliminarily. The SMAS is utilised to assist the NDO in estimating the high-frequency component of disturbances and ensure that the entire DO is finite-time convergent. Finally, the tracking controller is designed on the basis of the HSMDO, which enables UAVs to track the prescribed trajectories under disturbances stably. Simulation results show that the proposed HSMDO can accurately estimate various types of disturbances. Moreover, the tracking controller based on the HSMDO can improve the antidisturbance performance of systems and ensure the trajectory tracking accuracy of UAVs.
在农田中进行航拍的四旋翼无人飞行器(UAV)很容易受到外部干扰。干扰会导致轨迹偏差和不规则图像重叠,从而大大降低图像质量。干扰观测器(DOs)通常被用来抵消这些影响,但在处理各种高频干扰时可能存在延迟和局限性。为此,本研究提出了一种具有限时收敛特性的连续高阶滑模辅助干扰观测器(HSMDO),用于系统干扰的估计。该观测器由经典非线性 DO(NDO)和滑动模式辅助系统(SMAS)组成。NDO 用于初步估计干扰。SMAS 用于协助 NDO 估算干扰的高频分量,并确保整个 DO 是有限时间收敛的。最后,在 HSMDO 的基础上设计了跟踪控制器,使无人机能够在扰动条件下稳定地跟踪规定轨迹。仿真结果表明,所提出的 HSMDO 能够准确估计各种类型的干扰。此外,基于 HSMDO 的跟踪控制器可以提高系统的抗干扰性能,确保无人机的轨迹跟踪精度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating vehicle trafficability on soft ground using wheel force information 利用车轮力信息评估车辆在松软地面上的通行能力
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231212949
Mingming Liu, Longlong Chen, Yanxi Ren
In the areas of aerospace and military industry, wheeled vehicles are expected to have the ability of passing various ground surfaces, including lunar soil, sand, marsh, mud flat, etc. This makes vehicle trafficability on soft ground become a very hot research topic. There are very a few difficulties in the present research of vehicle trafficability on soft ground, such as obtaining wheel-ground interaction information, inaccurate identification of soil mechanical characteristics parameters, and single evaluation index. In this paper, a novel approach of evaluating the vehicle trafficability on soft ground using wheel force information is proposed. As parts of the proposed approach, the methods of obtaining wheel force information, identification of soil mechanical characteristics parameters and integated method of trafficability evaluation, are discussed in detail. The proposed approach was validated through a practical test.
在航空航天和军事工业领域,轮式车辆需要具备通过各种地面的能力,包括月球土壤、沙地、沼泽、泥地等。因此,车辆在软地面上的通行能力成为一个非常热门的研究课题。目前,车辆在软土地面上的通过性研究还存在一些难点,如轮地相互作用信息的获取、土壤力学特征参数识别不准确、评价指标单一等。本文提出了一种利用轮力信息评价车辆在软土地面上通行能力的新方法。作为所提方法的一部分,详细讨论了获取车轮力信息的方法、土壤力学特征参数的识别方法和综合交通性评价方法。通过实际测试对所提出的方法进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
A high-altitude geomagnetic matching area selection approach based on geomagnetic information entropy and geomagnetic direction entropy 基于地磁信息熵和地磁方向熵的高空地磁匹配区选择方法
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/00202940221092037
Yongqiang Han, Ruirui Liang
Aiming at the obvious trend of the contours on the high-altitude geomagnetic map, this paper presents a method of high-altitude geomagnetic matching area selection combining geomagnetic information entropy and geomagnetic direction entropy based on the study of geomagnetic information entropy and geomagnetic direction entropy. The method first uses geomagnetic information entropy to select the region with rich geomagnetic information, and then determines the direction of the flight trajectory according to geomagnetic direction entropy to obtain the optimal matching trajectory. Finally, the method compares and analyzes the matching localization results of three flight trajectories in different directions on the geomagnetic map at an altitude of 30,000 m by using semi-physical simulation. The experimental results show that the flight navigation error along the trajectory with small information entropy is small, and its positioning error is 12.7% of the trajectory positioning error along the maximum information entropy direction. Selecting the flight trajectory according to the value of the geomagnetic direction entropy can greatly improve the precision and reliability of the geomagnetic matching localization. The method in this paper can provide a basis for path planning of the geomagnetic matching navigation.
针对高空地磁图上等值线趋势明显的特点,本文在研究地磁信息熵和地磁方向熵的基础上,提出了一种结合地磁信息熵和地磁方向熵的高空地磁匹配区选择方法。该方法首先利用地磁信息熵选择地磁信息丰富的区域,然后根据地磁方向熵确定飞行轨迹方向,得到最优匹配轨迹。最后,该方法通过半物理仿真,对比分析了三条不同方向的飞行轨迹在海拔 30000 米地磁图上的匹配定位结果。实验结果表明,沿信息熵小的轨迹飞行导航误差小,其定位误差是沿信息熵最大方向轨迹定位误差的 12.7%。根据地磁方向熵值选择飞行轨迹可以大大提高地磁匹配定位的精度和可靠性。本文的方法可为地磁匹配导航的路径规划提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive neural network iterative learning control of long-stroke hybrid robots with initial errors and full state constraints 具有初始误差和全状态约束的长行程混合机器人的自适应神经网络迭代学习控制
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241248252
Qunpo Liu, Zhuoran Zhang, Jiakun Li, Xuhui Bu, Naohiko Hanajima
Research on initial errors and constraint restrictions is one of the main research directions in the field of control of uncertain robotic systems. An adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) method based on radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed to address the trajectory tracking problem of the long-stroke hybrid robot system with random initial errors and full state constraints. The RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear terms, and the network weights are updated using an iterative learning law that incorporates a projection mechanism. Additionally, a robust learning strategy is used to compensate for both the approximation error of the neural network and the external disturbances that vary with each iteration. To relax the requirement of traditional iterative learning control (ILC) for identical initial condition, an equivalent error function is constructed based on the time-varying boundary layer. The tangent-type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is designed to ensure that the joint position and speed of the robot system are bounded within a predetermined range. Through stability analysis based on barrier composite energy function (BCEF), it can be proved that the boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop system and the tracking error of the robot system will converge to an adjustable residual set asymptotically. Finally, through simulation experiments conducted on the MATLAB platform, the results demonstrate that the method overcomes the random initial errors of the system effectively, ensures that the system satisfies the full-state constraints, and realizes high-precision trajectory tracking.
对初始误差和约束限制的研究是不确定机器人系统控制领域的主要研究方向之一。本文提出了一种基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的自适应迭代学习控制(AILC)方法,以解决具有随机初始误差和完全状态约束的长行程混合机器人系统的轨迹跟踪问题。RBF 神经网络用于近似未知的非线性项,网络权重通过包含投影机制的迭代学习法进行更新。此外,还采用了稳健学习策略,以补偿神经网络的近似误差和每次迭代都会变化的外部干扰。为了放宽传统迭代学习控制(ILC)对相同初始条件的要求,基于时变边界层构建了等效误差函数。切线型障碍李雅普诺夫函数(BLF)旨在确保机器人系统的关节位置和速度在预定范围内。通过基于势垒复合能量函数(BCEF)的稳定性分析,可以证明闭环系统中所有信号的有界性和机器人系统的跟踪误差都会渐进地收敛到一个可调节的残差集。最后,通过在 MATLAB 平台上进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法有效克服了系统的随机初始误差,确保系统满足全状态约束,实现了高精度轨迹跟踪。
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引用次数: 0
Research on rotor fault diagnosis technology of three-phase asynchronous motor based on NA-MEMD mutual information and SVM 基于 NA-MEMD 互信息和 SVM 的三相异步电机转子故障诊断技术研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241236649
Hui Ali, Yu Jie, Weiqiang Lu
Aiming at the problem of mode aliasing in the adaptive decomposition of nonlinear and non-stationary current signals generated by three-phase asynchronous motor faults, and the fault features contained in signals collected by a single sensor can not be accurately and comprehensively extracted and characterized when early rotor bar breakage and air gap eccentricity faults occur, A fault diagnosis method for three-phase asynchronous motor based on noise assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) and mutual information is proposed. Firstly, the NA-MEMD algorithm is used to decompose the three-phase stator current signal of the asynchronous motor to obtain multi-scale intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, the correlation algorithm is used to screen the IMFs containing useful information. Then, the filtered IMF components are reconstructed into new signals and their features are extracted, Finally, support vector machines (SVM) are used to identify the rotor broken bars and air gap eccentric faults of the three-phase asynchronous motor. The experimental results show that the NA-MEMD method has a higher recognition rate than the traditional empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) methods.
针对三相异步电动机故障产生的非线性、非稳态电流信号在自适应分解过程中存在模态混叠问题,以及当发生早期转子线棒断裂和气隙偏心故障时,单一传感器采集的信号所包含的故障特征无法准确、全面地提取和表征等问题,提出了一种基于噪声辅助多变量经验模态分解(NA-MEMD)和互信息的三相异步电动机故障诊断方法。首先,利用 NA-MEMD 算法对异步电机的三相定子电流信号进行分解,得到多尺度本征模态函数(IMF)。然后,使用相关算法筛选出包含有用信息的 IMF。最后,利用支持向量机(SVM)识别三相异步电机的转子断条和气隙偏心故障。实验结果表明,与传统的经验模式分解(EMD)和集合经验模式分解(EEMD)方法相比,NA-MEMD 方法具有更高的识别率。
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引用次数: 0
Observer-based event-triggered time-varying formation control of linear multi-agent systems with distributed infinite delays 具有分布式无限延迟的线性多代理系统的基于观测器的事件触发时变编队控制
Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241241931
Ya Deng, Wei Zhu, Huannan Zheng
Compared with bounded delays, distributed infinite delays are more general in practical systems. Event-triggered control can effectively reduce energy consumption and communication costs. This paper addresses time-varying formation control of general linear multi-agent systems with distributed infinite delays in both of their inputs and outputs. An observer-based event-triggered formation control protocol considering distributed infinite delays is proposed, which is related to the combined observed information and some formation compensation signals at triggering time instants. By utilizing inequality techniques, the desired time-varying formation can be implemented while Zeno-behavior is excluded. Some numerical simulations are carried out for demonstrating the validity of theoretical results.
与有界延迟相比,分布式无限延迟在实际系统中更为普遍。事件触发控制能有效降低能耗和通信成本。本文探讨了输入和输出均存在分布式无限延迟的一般线性多代理系统的时变编队控制问题。本文提出了一种考虑到分布式无限延迟的基于观测器的事件触发编队控制协议,该协议与综合观测信息和触发时刻的一些编队补偿信号相关。通过利用不等式技术,可以实现所需的时变编队,同时排除天顶行为。为了证明理论结果的正确性,还进行了一些数值模拟。
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引用次数: 0
An improved memetic algorithm for distributed hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with operation inspection and reprocessing 带操作检查和再加工的分布式混合流程车间调度问题的改进记忆算法
Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/00202940241245241
Yu Zheng, Ningtao Peng, Hao Qi, Guiliang Gong, Dan Huang, Kaikai Zhu, Jingsheng Liu, Gonggang Liu
The classical distributed hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (DHFSP) only considers static production settings while ignores operation inspection and reprocessing. However, in the actual production, the manufacturing environment is usually dynamic; and the operation inspection and reprocessing are very necessary to avoid unqualified jobs from being transported to other production units and to make reasonable arrangements for unqualified and unprocessed jobs. In this paper, we propose a DHFSP with operation inspection and reprocessing (DHFSPR) for the first time, in which the operation inspection and reprocessing as well as the processing time and energy consumption are considered simultaneously. An improved memetic algorithm (IMA) is then designed to solve the DHFSPR, where some effective crossover and mutation operators, a new dynamic rescheduling method (DRM) and local search operator (LSO) are integrated. A total 60 DHFSPR benchmark instances are constructed to verify the performance of our IMA. Extensive experiments carried out demonstrate that the DRM and LSO can effectively improve the performance of IMA, and the IMA has obvious superiority to solve the DHFSPR problem compared with other three well-known algorithms. Our proposed model and algorithm here will be beneficial for the production managers who work with distributed hybrid shop systems in scheduling their production activities by considering operation inspection and reprocessing.
经典的分布式混合流程车间调度问题(DHFSP)只考虑了静态的生产环境,而忽略了作业检查和再处理。然而,在实际生产中,生产环境通常是动态的,为了避免不合格的作业被传送到其他生产单元,合理安排不合格和未处理的作业,作业检查和再处理是非常必要的。本文首次提出了一种带操作检查和再处理的 DHFSP(DHFSPR),它同时考虑了操作检查和再处理以及处理时间和能耗。然后设计了一种改进的记忆算法(IMA)来求解 DHFSPR,其中集成了一些有效的交叉和变异算子、一种新的动态重调度方法(DRM)和局部搜索算子(LSO)。为了验证 IMA 的性能,我们构建了 60 个 DHFSPR 基准实例。广泛的实验证明,DRM 和 LSO 能有效提高 IMA 的性能,与其他三种著名算法相比,IMA 在解决 DHFSPR 问题上具有明显的优势。我们在此提出的模型和算法将有益于使用分布式混合车间系统的生产管理人员通过考虑操作检查和再加工来安排生产活动。
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引用次数: 0
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Measurement and Control
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