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Last train timetabling with transfer accessibility in metro networks: integer linear programing model and schedule-based transfer network 具有换乘可达性的地铁末班车调度:整数线性规划模型和基于调度的换乘网络
Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231186674
Wenkai Xu
Last train timetable plays an important role in actual operation of metro systems, especially in big cities. Appreciable transfer passengers rely on last train connections to reach their destinations, which requires a coordinated last train timetable. This study is devoted to dealing with the last train timetabling problem in metro networks, and proposes an integer linear programing model to coordinate last train connections at transfer stations to improve the transfer accessibility in terms of served transfer passengers and effective last train connections. Several measures at the planning level are used to guarantee feasibility of the optimized last train timetable when applied in practice. Then, the schedule-based transfer network and pre-process method are presented to shrink the scale of binary variables, which can expedite the solution process when solving problems in large-scale networks. Finally, some experiments based on the Qingdao metro network are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the timetabling method, and results show that dwell time and service ending time have direct influence on network accessibility. Comparison analyses show that the proposed model is able to generate a coordinated enough last train timetable with higher transfer accessibility and better practicality, which can provide support for operators to improve the last train service in a metro network.
末班车时刻表在地铁系统的实际运行中起着重要的作用,尤其是在大城市。相当多的转乘乘客依靠末班车到达目的地,这就需要一个协调一致的末班车时刻表。本文针对地铁网络中末班车调度问题,提出了一种协调换乘站末班车接驳的整数线性规划模型,以提高换乘乘客的可达性和有效的末班车接驳率。为保证优化后的末班车时刻表在实际应用中的可行性,在规划层面采取了若干措施。在此基础上,提出了基于调度的转移网络和预处理方法来缩小二元变量的规模,从而在求解大规模网络问题时加快求解速度。最后,以青岛地铁为例,对调度方法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明停留时间和服务结束时间对网络可达性有直接影响。对比分析表明,该模型能够生成足够协调的末班车时刻表,具有较高的换乘可达性和较好的实用性,可为运营商提高地铁末班车服务水平提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Control structure design with constraints for a slung load quadrotor system 悬挂载荷四旋翼系统的约束控制结构设计
Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231189507
H. Ergezer, K. Leblebicioğlu
We propose a control structure for a quadrotor carrying a slung load with swing-angle constraints. This quadrotor is supposed to pass through the waypoints at specified speeds. First, a cascaded PID autopilot is designed, which adaptively gives attention to position and speed requirements as a function of their errors. Its parameters are found from an optimization problem solved using the PSO algorithm. Second, this controller’s performance is improved by adding the Complementary Controller employing an ANN. 5. Training data for the ANN is created by solving optimal control problems. The ANN is activated when the swing angle constraint is about to be violated. It is trained using optimal control values corresponding to the cases where the swing angle falls in a particular band about the upper swing angle constraint. Simulations are performed in a MATLAB environment. Finally, some of the simulation results are validated on a physical system.
提出了一种具有摆角约束的四旋翼飞行器悬挂载荷控制结构。这架四旋翼飞机应该以规定的速度通过航路点。首先,设计了一种自适应地关注位置和速度要求作为误差函数的级联PID自动驾驶仪。它的参数是由一个用粒子群算法求解的优化问题得到的。其次,通过添加采用人工神经网络的互补控制器,提高了控制器的性能。5. 人工神经网络的训练数据是通过求解最优控制问题生成的。当摆角约束即将被打破时,人工神经网络被激活。它是用最优控制值来训练的,这些最优控制值对应于摆动角落在关于上摆动角约束的特定波段的情况。在MATLAB环境下进行了仿真。最后,在实际系统上验证了部分仿真结果。
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引用次数: 0
Performance recovery of uncertain nonaffine systems by active disturbance rejection control 基于自抗扰控制的不确定非仿射系统性能恢复
Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/00202940221139583
Lilong Tan, Zhixiang Chen, Qinhe Gao, Jifang Liu
This paper studies performance recovery problem of a class of uncertain nonaffine strict-feedback systems with mismatched uncertainties. First, the strict-feedback nonaffine system with mismatched system dynamics is transformed into an integrator-chain nonaffine system by a diffeomorphism. Second, the transformed system is converted to an affine one by constructing an auxiliary control input term, and dynamical uncertainties and external disturbances are viewed as total disturbance of the affine system. Then, a two-time-scale active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is designed for the transformed affine system. Under some mild assumptions, it can be proved that the proposed ADRC-based closed-loop system can achieve performance recovery and weak performance recovery in different cases of mismatched system dynamics, respectively. Experimental results on a magnetic levitation ball system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
研究了一类不确定非仿射严格反馈不匹配系统的性能恢复问题。首先,通过微分同构将系统动力学不匹配的严格反馈非仿射系统转化为积分链非仿射系统。其次,通过构造辅助控制输入项将变换后的系统转换为仿射系统,并将动态不确定性和外部干扰视为仿射系统的总扰动。然后,针对变换后的仿射系统设计了双时间尺度自抗扰控制器。在一些温和的假设下,可以证明所提出的基于自适应控制的闭环系统在不同的系统动力学失配情况下分别可以实现性能恢复和弱性能恢复。在磁悬浮球系统上的实验结果验证了所提控制方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A stable control method for planar robot with underactuated constraints via motion planning and intelligent optimization 基于运动规划和智能优化的平面欠驱动机器人稳定控制方法
Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231189306
Zixin Huang, Xinpeng Li, Ziang Wei, Xiao Wan, Lejun Wang
For the planar robot with underactuated constraints, a stable control method is presented on the foundation of motion planning method and intelligent optimization, which includes two stages. (1) Designing the controllers to control the actuated manipulators to given target states. (2) Planning the motion trajectory combined with the underactuated constraints between all links, using the intelligent algorithm to find the adaptable trajectory parameters, and tracking such planned trajectories to control full manipulators to the given states simultaneously. At last, multigroup simulations demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
针对具有欠驱动约束的平面机器人,提出了一种基于运动规划和智能优化的稳定控制方法。(1)设计控制器,控制被驱动机械臂达到给定的目标状态。(2)结合各环节之间的欠驱动约束进行运动轨迹规划,利用智能算法寻找自适应的运动轨迹参数,并跟踪规划的运动轨迹,控制全机械手同时达到给定状态。最后,通过多组仿真验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Parameter optimization of nonlinear PID controller using RBF neural network for continuous stirred tank reactor 基于RBF神经网络的连续搅拌槽式反应器非线性PID控制器参数优化
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231189307
Xingxi Shi, Honghao Zhao, Zheng Fan
The temperature system of the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) has the characteristics of strong nonlinearity and uncertain parameters. The linear PID controller makes it difficult to meet CSTR’s control requirements. Nonlinear PID (NPID) can improve the control effect of nonlinear controlled objects, but due to the influence of nonlinear function selection and manual parameter setting, when parameters are uncertain or subject to external interference, the control performance of the system will decrease. To improve the adaptive capability of the NPID controller, the RBF-NPID control algorithm is proposed. The learning ability of RBF neural network is used to adjust NPID parameters online to improve the control performance of the system. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a CSTR model was established in MATLAB and algorithm comparison research was carried out. Simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
连续搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)温度系统具有强非线性和参数不确定的特点。线性PID控制器难以满足CSTR的控制要求。非线性PID (NPID)可以提高非线性被控对象的控制效果,但由于非线性功能选择和人工参数整定的影响,当参数不确定或受到外界干扰时,系统的控制性能会下降。为了提高NPID控制器的自适应能力,提出了RBF-NPID控制算法。利用RBF神经网络的学习能力在线调整NPID参数,提高系统的控制性能。为了验证所提算法的有效性,在MATLAB中建立了CSTR模型,并进行了算法对比研究。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性和优越性。
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引用次数: 0
Complex-order PID controller design for enhanced blood-glucose regulation in Type-I diabetes patients 改善i型糖尿病患者血糖调节的复阶PID控制器设计
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231189504
Omer Saleem, J. Iqbal
Type-I Diabetes (TID) is a chronic autoimmune disease that elevates the glucose levels in the patient’s bloodstream. This paper formulates a fractional complex-order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy for robust Blood Glucose (BG) regulation in TID patients. The glucose-insulin dynamics in blood plasma are modeled via the Bergman-Minimal-Model. The proposed control procedure employs the ubiquitous fractional order PID controller as the baseline BG regulator. The design flexibility of the baseline regulator to effectively normalize the BG levels is enhanced by assigning complex orders to the integral and differential operators instead. The resulting Complex Order PID (CO-PID) regulator strengthens the controller’s robustness against abrupt variations in the patient’s BG levels caused by meal disturbances or sensor noise. The controller parameters are numerically optimized offline. The aforesaid propositions are justified by performing credible simulations in which the proposed controller is tasked to effectively track a set point value of 80 mg/dL from an initial state of hyperglycemia under various disturbance factors. As compared to the FO-PID controller, the CO-PID controller improves the reference tracking-error, transient recovery-time, and control expenditure by 13.1%, 33.4%, and 28.1%, respectively. The simulation results validate the superior reference-tracking accuracy of the proposed CO-PID controller for BG regulation.
1型糖尿病(TID)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,它会使患者血液中的葡萄糖水平升高。本文提出了一种分数阶复阶比例积分导数(PID)控制策略,用于TID患者血糖的鲁棒调节。血浆中的葡萄糖-胰岛素动力学通过bergman - minimal模型建模。所提出的控制程序采用泛在分数阶PID控制器作为基准BG调节器。通过将复杂阶数分配给积分和微分算子,提高了基线调节器的设计灵活性,从而有效地规范化BG水平。由此产生的复杂顺序PID (CO-PID)调节器增强了控制器对由膳食干扰或传感器噪声引起的患者BG水平突变的鲁棒性。控制器参数离线数值优化。上述主张是通过执行可信的模拟来证明的,其中所提出的控制器的任务是在各种干扰因素的初始高血糖状态下有效地跟踪80 mg/dL的设定点值。与FO-PID控制器相比,CO-PID控制器的参考跟踪误差、暂态恢复时间和控制开销分别提高了13.1%、33.4%和28.1%。仿真结果验证了所提出的CO-PID控制器具有良好的参考跟踪精度。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of operator’s activity in control rooms of underground coal mines 煤矿井下控制室操作人员活动分析
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231187914
M. Grozdanović, Dobrivoje Marjanovic, Milos Ilic
The analysis for estimating operator’s activity and quantity of information in control rooms of underground coal mines is presented in this paper. Monitoring of operators in control rooms was conducted in mines Rembas, Soko, Ibar, Jasenovac and Stavalj. The network models are used during the analysis of operator’s activity in control rooms. The result of the analysis is proposed critical path network model. The application of network models improves the quality and level of research, making it more efficient. Most of the analysed information are related to normal and alarm state data received from the mine shaft and operator’s response to this data. Results are given according to actual scope of work depending on the work dynamics in underground coal mines, via histogram of changes in average number of activities per 1 h for 24-h period, then number of operator’s activities per work hour and insight into the global view of technological process in the coal mine with focus on the work scope of mine workers. Analysis of operator’s activities presented in this paper determines the relations between devices in control rooms and operators’ capabilities in order to get better ergonomic design of control rooms.
本文对煤矿井下控制室操作人员活动和信息量的估算进行了分析。在Rembas、Soko、Ibar、Jasenovac和Stavalj矿井控制室对操作员进行了监测。该网络模型用于控制室操作员活动分析。分析结果提出了关键路径网络模型。网络模型的应用提高了研究的质量和水平,提高了研究的效率。所分析的大部分信息都与从矿井接收到的正常和报警状态数据以及操作人员对这些数据的响应有关。根据煤矿井下的工作动态,根据实际的工作范围,通过对24小时内每小时平均活动次数变化的直方图,再通过对每工作小时操作人员活动次数的变化的直方图,以煤矿井下工人的工作范围为重点,洞察煤矿井下技术过程的全局视图,得出结果。本文通过对操作人员活动的分析,确定了控制室设备与操作人员能力之间的关系,以便更好地进行控制室的人机工程学设计。
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引用次数: 0
Considerations of an efficiency-intelligent geo-localised mobile application for personalised SME market predictions 针对个性化中小企业市场预测的高效智能地理定位移动应用程序的考虑
Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231186675
J. Pelekamoyo, H. M. Libati
The few applications used by Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs’) businesses lack efficiency and the appropriate intelligence to save them from price instability, inventory carrying costs, excess inventory, wrong decision making, inaccurate monitoring of stock levels, etc. through predictive analytics. The study explored various Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning (AI/ML) models and data structure array types that could be used with the day-to-day local weather conditions of low and high temperatures to predict market parameters and aid SMEs with predictive data to use for combating wrong decision-making, inaccurate business monitoring and excess inventory, etc. Among the ML models explored included sequential minimal optimisation, iterative reweighted least-squares, Fan-Chen-Lin support vector regression, linear regression newton method and multivariate linear regression Ordinary least squares for a multivariate linear regression and logistic regression. The models were compiled using visual C# and Accord.Net libraries. Multivariate linear regression Ordinary least squares models recorded the least predictive accuracy loss, for the test quantity prediction test samples, and varying acceptable square loss values, for usage in geo-localised mobile intelligent systems for SME predictions due to their favourable scores. The jagged array overall performed better than the multi-dimensional array on some time and space complexity tests. This work is contributing to the body of knowledge by evaluatively suggesting better data structures and ML models for building intelligent systems in Xamarin forms using C# and small data for the model training for applications in mobile phone systems that will aid SMEs’ in adjusting spending and sales targets.
中小企业(SMEs)使用的少数应用程序缺乏效率和适当的智能,无法通过预测分析将其从价格不稳定、库存持有成本、库存过剩、错误决策、不准确监测库存水平等问题中拯救出来。该研究探索了各种人工智能机器学习(AI/ML)模型和数据结构阵列类型,这些模型和数据结构阵列可与当地日常的低温和高温天气条件一起使用,以预测市场参数,并帮助中小企业使用预测数据来解决错误决策,不准确的业务监控和库存过剩等问题。探索的机器学习模型包括顺序最小优化、迭代重加权最小二乘、范陈林支持向量回归、线性回归牛顿法和多元线性回归普通最小二乘多元线性回归和逻辑回归。使用visual c#和Accord对模型进行编译。网库。普通最小二乘模型记录了最小的预测精度损失,用于测试数量预测测试样本,以及可接受的平方损失值,用于地理定位的移动智能系统,用于中小企业预测,因为它们的得分较高。在一些时间和空间复杂度测试中,锯齿阵列总体上优于多维阵列。这项工作通过评估性地提出更好的数据结构和ML模型,用于使用c#构建Xamarin形式的智能系统,并为移动电话系统应用程序的模型培训提供小数据,从而有助于中小企业调整支出和销售目标,从而为知识体系做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Application of attention mechanism enhanced neural network in non-invasive load monitoring of industrial power data 注意机制增强神经网络在工业电力数据无创负荷监测中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231180617
Jun Wei, Ce Li, Rong Yang, Fangjun Li, Hua Wang
The non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NILM) decomposes the total power consumption of a power system into its contributing appliances. Previous studies only considered using the total power consumption information of appliances to decompose the load consumption. Besides the total electricity consumption, there is also important information such as current, voltage, and time in the total electricity consumption data, which can be used to analyze the load consumption information. Therefore, we proposed a sequence-to-sequence network enhanced by an attention mechanism, which effectively integrated the external features besides the total electricity consumption in grid data. Finally, we applied and evaluated the proposed model on the electricity consumption data of a gas station with 12 appliances, and our model achieved a 90.5% accuracy in load decomposition. Our solution provides a new solution on the application of NILM in the industrial field and helps to manage energy more rationally.
非侵入式设备负荷监测(NILM)将电力系统的总功耗分解为其贡献设备。以往的研究只考虑使用电器的总功耗信息来分解负荷消耗。除总用电量外,总用电量数据中还包含电流、电压、时间等重要信息,可用于分析负荷用电量信息。因此,我们提出了一种通过关注机制增强的序列到序列网络,有效地整合了电网数据中除总用电量外的外部特征。最后,对某加油站12台电器的用电数据进行了应用和评估,结果表明,该模型的负荷分解准确率达到90.5%。我们的解决方案为NILM在工业领域的应用提供了新的解决方案,有助于更合理地管理能源。
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引用次数: 0
A discrete whale optimization algorithm for the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem 无等待流水车间调度问题的离散鲸鱼优化算法
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/00202940231180622
Sujun Zhang, X. Gu
A discrete whale optimization algorithm (DWOA) is presented to solve the no-wait flow shop scheduling problem (NWFSSP) with the optimization objective makespan. An effective combination of nearest neighbor (NN) and standard deviation heuristics (SDH) is used to acquire initial solutions of the population. After that, three crossover operators, the two-point crossover (TPX), multiple-point crossover (MPX) and job-based crossover (JBX) operators, are designed to mimics the humpback whales hunting process. Moreover, the dynamic transform mechanism of search process is designed to better balance the exploration and exploitation ability of DWOA. In order to further improve the optimization effect of DWOA, the parallel neighborhood search (PNS) and the serial neighborhood search (SNS) are selected to execute the local search and promoting global search scheme, respectively. Finally, to test the performance of DWOA, extensive experiments are conducted on benchmarks designed by Reeves and Taillard, which contain parameters tuning, effectiveness of the improvement strategies in the DWOA and comparison with several existing algorithms. From the experimental results, it is validated that the effectiveness of the improved mechanisms and the performance of the DWOA which can find better makespan values compared with other algorithms for solving NWFSSP.
针对以最大完工时间为优化目标的无等待流水车间调度问题,提出了一种离散鲸优化算法(DWOA)。采用最近邻法(NN)和标准差启发式法(SDH)的有效结合来获得总体的初始解。之后,设计了三种跨界操作器,即两点跨界(TPX)、多点跨界(MPX)和基于作业的跨界(JBX)操作器,以模拟座头鲸的捕猎过程。设计了搜索过程的动态转换机制,更好地平衡了DWOA的探索和利用能力。为了进一步提高DWOA的优化效果,选择并行邻域搜索(PNS)和串行邻域搜索(SNS)分别执行局部搜索和促进全局搜索方案。最后,为了测试DWOA的性能,在Reeves和Taillard设计的基准上进行了大量的实验,包括参数调优、改进策略在DWOA中的有效性以及与几种现有算法的比较。实验结果验证了改进机制的有效性和DWOA算法的性能,与其他求解NWFSSP的算法相比,DWOA算法可以找到更好的makespan值。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Measurement and Control
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