Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86573
J. H. Fokou, P. M. J. Dongmo, F. Boyom
Essential oil, sent by nature, is a complex mixture of volatile secondary metabolites. Its composition varies along with many parameters that can lead to misunderstanding of its wonderful pharmacological property. In fact, from postharvest treatment to the compound’s identification through extraction approaches, the original chemotype of essential oils can be misdescribed. The pharmacological potentials of these oils are well known in the traditional system since time immemo-rial. Nowadays, some chemotypes of these oils had shown the effect against WHO’s top 10 killer diseases. But the misuses of these essential oils are in part due to the lack of robust and easy analysis strategy that can allow the quality of the essential oils.
{"title":"Essential Oil’s Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties","authors":"J. H. Fokou, P. M. J. Dongmo, F. Boyom","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86573","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil, sent by nature, is a complex mixture of volatile secondary metabolites. Its composition varies along with many parameters that can lead to misunderstanding of its wonderful pharmacological property. In fact, from postharvest treatment to the compound’s identification through extraction approaches, the original chemotype of essential oils can be misdescribed. The pharmacological potentials of these oils are well known in the traditional system since time immemo-rial. Nowadays, some chemotypes of these oils had shown the effect against WHO’s top 10 killer diseases. But the misuses of these essential oils are in part due to the lack of robust and easy analysis strategy that can allow the quality of the essential oils.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128383248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87198
M. Irshad, Muhammad Ali Subhani, Saqib Ali, A. Hussain
Essential oils are the volatile compounds having the oily fragrance. Essential oils are obtained from the different plant parts, and they are extracted from the different techniques and the most preferable method of extraction is the hydrodistillation which is cheap and easy to use. Plant parts including the flowers, leaves, stem, bark and roots are used for the isolation of essential oils. Essential oils are used in almost every field of life and because of these characteristics, the market of essential oils is growing rapidly. Essential oils are used in the aromatherapy and act as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, pain relievers, anxiety, depression. In the field of cosmetics and industries, the essential oils are used rapidly and mostly used in the perfume industries which are growing increasingly. Essential oils are used in the food preservations and many food items. Essential oils are used as the folk herbal medicines and their fragrance is used for the improvement of the mood and as the depression release.
{"title":"Biological Importance of Essential Oils","authors":"M. Irshad, Muhammad Ali Subhani, Saqib Ali, A. Hussain","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.87198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87198","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils are the volatile compounds having the oily fragrance. Essential oils are obtained from the different plant parts, and they are extracted from the different techniques and the most preferable method of extraction is the hydrodistillation which is cheap and easy to use. Plant parts including the flowers, leaves, stem, bark and roots are used for the isolation of essential oils. Essential oils are used in almost every field of life and because of these characteristics, the market of essential oils is growing rapidly. Essential oils are used in the aromatherapy and act as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, pain relievers, anxiety, depression. In the field of cosmetics and industries, the essential oils are used rapidly and mostly used in the perfume industries which are growing increasingly. Essential oils are used in the food preservations and many food items. Essential oils are used as the folk herbal medicines and their fragrance is used for the improvement of the mood and as the depression release.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132730136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-29DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86572
J. A. Medrano
The essential oils present a complex composition of different chemical compounds, where they present synergic or complementary action among each other, modifying their activity. Among its main components we can find the terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, which are responsible for giving the medicinal properties. Essential oils generally have a pleasant and intense odor, mostly in liquid form, found in different plant organs and are soluble in polar solvents. Essential oils are volatile, and are widely used in the perfume industry, cosmetics, food and beverage aroma, as well as use in aromatherapy to treat some diseases. The traditional knowledge of some plant species with phytotherapeutic properties is currently a source for research in the search for new biologically active compounds and as effective therapeutics that contemplate current health care.
{"title":"Essential Oils in the Development of New Medicinal Products","authors":"J. A. Medrano","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86572","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oils present a complex composition of different chemical compounds, where they present synergic or complementary action among each other, modifying their activity. Among its main components we can find the terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, which are responsible for giving the medicinal properties. Essential oils generally have a pleasant and intense odor, mostly in liquid form, found in different plant organs and are soluble in polar solvents. Essential oils are volatile, and are widely used in the perfume industry, cosmetics, food and beverage aroma, as well as use in aromatherapy to treat some diseases. The traditional knowledge of some plant species with phytotherapeutic properties is currently a source for research in the search for new biologically active compounds and as effective therapeutics that contemplate current health care.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131141830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87215
R. Mahmoudi, Ata Kaboudari, B. Pakbin
In the last few years, more and more studies on the biological properties of essential oils (EOs) especially antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in vitro and food model have been published in all parts of the world. But so far no com-prehensive reports of these studies have been reported in food model from Iran. The focus of this overview lies in the using of EOs from some indigenous medicinal plants of Iran (including Mentha longifolia , Cuminum cyminum , Teucrium polium , Pimpinella anisum and Allium ascalonicum ) in probiotic dairy products (especially cheese, yoghurt and Aryan) in recent years. Recently, consumers have developed an ever-increasing interest in natural products as alternatives for artificial additives or pharmacologically relevant agents. Among them, EOs have gained great popularity in the food, cosmetic as well as pharmaceutical industries. Despite the reportedly strong antimicrobial activity of EOs against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, their practical application as preservatives is currently limited owing to the undesirable flavour changes they cause in food products. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to the applicability of various EOs on other food models in Iran and other countries.
{"title":"Applications of Medicinal Herbs and Essential Oils in Food Safety","authors":"R. Mahmoudi, Ata Kaboudari, B. Pakbin","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.87215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87215","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years, more and more studies on the biological properties of essential oils (EOs) especially antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in vitro and food model have been published in all parts of the world. But so far no com-prehensive reports of these studies have been reported in food model from Iran. The focus of this overview lies in the using of EOs from some indigenous medicinal plants of Iran (including Mentha longifolia , Cuminum cyminum , Teucrium polium , Pimpinella anisum and Allium ascalonicum ) in probiotic dairy products (especially cheese, yoghurt and Aryan) in recent years. Recently, consumers have developed an ever-increasing interest in natural products as alternatives for artificial additives or pharmacologically relevant agents. Among them, EOs have gained great popularity in the food, cosmetic as well as pharmaceutical industries. Despite the reportedly strong antimicrobial activity of EOs against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, their practical application as preservatives is currently limited owing to the undesirable flavour changes they cause in food products. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to the applicability of various EOs on other food models in Iran and other countries.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"15 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113968761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86574
M. Moosavi‐Nasab, Armin Mirzapour-Kouhdasht, N. Oliyaei
This chapter will discuss the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various essential oils on possible shelf-life extension of different seafood products. Furthermore, the effect of antimicrobial coatings incorporated with various essential oils on the shelf-life of seafood products will be investigated. Microbiological and physico-chemical properties such as total count, psychrophilic and lactic acid bacterial count, peroxide test, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) test, and pH, also sensory evaluations of seafood products will be included. During this chapter the effect of chemical composition of some essential oils on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities will be discussed briefly.
{"title":"Application of Essential Oils for Shelf-Life Extension of Seafood Products","authors":"M. Moosavi‐Nasab, Armin Mirzapour-Kouhdasht, N. Oliyaei","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86574","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter will discuss the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various essential oils on possible shelf-life extension of different seafood products. Furthermore, the effect of antimicrobial coatings incorporated with various essential oils on the shelf-life of seafood products will be investigated. Microbiological and physico-chemical properties such as total count, psychrophilic and lactic acid bacterial count, peroxide test, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) test, and pH, also sensory evaluations of seafood products will be included. During this chapter the effect of chemical composition of some essential oils on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities will be discussed briefly.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"402 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87213
A. El-Awady
Essential oils, as natural sprout inhibitor and safe fungicides, are a promising tool and good alternative compounds otherwise synthetic due to their high efficacy, biodegradability, eco-safety and volatile nature. They are consisting of a number of various components, i.e., terpenes, phenols, alcohols, esters, aldehydes and ketones in different composition or combinations. These effective compounds supply excess to prevent sprouting in potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke (JA) and less chance to development of resistance in fungi in JA, strawberry and broccoli with low concentrations. On contrary, high concentration of these oils induce the germination of seeds like broccoli and carob. This chapter explains the practical application of using essential oils as natural antisprouting, inducing quality, preserving fungal diseases, eco-friendly compounds, alternating synthetic chemicals, giving high benefits and easy to apply. The foliar application with essential oils increases the productivity, quality and marketable yield and storability and reduces weight losses and decay. Moreover, the essential oils increase broccoli seed germination, antioxidant content and other phytochemical parameters. The chapter provides a novel anti-sprouting agent for inhibiting growth of processing potato tubers and identification of terpenoids that use to inhibit tuber sprouting as well as application of Chloropropham (CIPC) isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate as a conventional chemical inhibitor.
精油具有高效、可生物降解、生态安全、易挥发等特点，是一种很有前途的工具和良好的替代化合物，是一种天然的发芽抑制剂和安全的杀菌剂。它们由许多不同的成分组成，即不同成分或组合的萜烯、酚类、醇类、酯类、醛类和酮类。这些有效的化合物在马铃薯和菊芋(JA)中过量供应以防止发芽，而在JA、草莓和西兰花中低浓度的真菌产生抗性的机会较少。相反，高浓度的这些油会促使花椰菜和角豆豆等种子发芽。本章解释了使用精油作为天然抗发芽、诱导品质、保存真菌疾病、环保化合物、交替合成化学品、效益高且易于使用的实际应用。叶面施用精油可提高产量、质量、适销产量和可储存性，减少重量损失和腐烂。此外，精油还能提高西兰花种子的发芽率、抗氧化剂含量和其他植物化学参数。本章提供了一种抑制加工马铃薯块茎生长的新型抗发芽剂，鉴定了用于抑制块茎发芽的萜类化合物，以及氯苯胺(CIPC)异丙基- n -(3-氯苯基)氨基甲酸酯作为常规化学抑制剂的应用。
{"title":"Effect of Essential Oils on Storability and Preservation of Some Vegetable Crops","authors":"A. El-Awady","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87213","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils, as natural sprout inhibitor and safe fungicides, are a promising tool and good alternative compounds otherwise synthetic due to their high efficacy, biodegradability, eco-safety and volatile nature. They are consisting of a number of various components, i.e., terpenes, phenols, alcohols, esters, aldehydes and ketones in different composition or combinations. These effective compounds supply excess to prevent sprouting in potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke (JA) and less chance to development of resistance in fungi in JA, strawberry and broccoli with low concentrations. On contrary, high concentration of these oils induce the germination of seeds like broccoli and carob. This chapter explains the practical application of using essential oils as natural antisprouting, inducing quality, preserving fungal diseases, eco-friendly compounds, alternating synthetic chemicals, giving high benefits and easy to apply. The foliar application with essential oils increases the productivity, quality and marketable yield and storability and reduces weight losses and decay. Moreover, the essential oils increase broccoli seed germination, antioxidant content and other phytochemical parameters. The chapter provides a novel anti-sprouting agent for inhibiting growth of processing potato tubers and identification of terpenoids that use to inhibit tuber sprouting as well as application of Chloropropham (CIPC) isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate as a conventional chemical inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116774171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-30DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88221
J. Pérez-Sabino, M. Mérida-Reyes, José V. Martínez-Arévalo, M. Muñoz-Wug, B. E. Oliva-Hernández, Isabel Cristina Gaitán-Fernández, D. Simas, Antonio Jorge Ribeiro Silva
Stevia serrata Cav. (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) grows in Central America and Mexico usually over 1500 m. In this study, essential oils of aerial parts from three populations of western Guatemala were obtained yielding 0.17–0.27% of oil by hydrodistillation. Chamazulene (42–62%) was the most abundant compound in the oil analyzed GC/MS, also presenting germacrene D (4.4–15.3%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2–11.8%), ( E )-nerolidol (3.9–7.1%), spathulenol (2.3–7.9%), and ( E )-caryophyllene (2.5–6.6%). Besides, a propagation trial was carried out on seeds of plants collected in Santa Lucía Utatlán, as the first step for the domestication of the plant, obtaining approximately 75% survival in the transplanting of the germinated seedlings. After the flowering of the individuals, a greenish essential oil was obtained from the roots yielding 0.2% of oil. This oil did not present chamazulene, but α -longipinene (23.5%), germacrene D (22.2%), santolina triene (12.6%), and ( E )-caryophyllene (8.1%) as major components. As conclusion, it was confirmed that the aerial parts of the essential oil of S. serrata from western Guatemala presents a high content of chamazulene and that there is feasibility for the domestication of the plant through the germination of seeds.
{"title":"Seed Propagation and Constituents of the Essential Oil ofStevia serrataCav. from Guatemala","authors":"J. Pérez-Sabino, M. Mérida-Reyes, José V. Martínez-Arévalo, M. Muñoz-Wug, B. E. Oliva-Hernández, Isabel Cristina Gaitán-Fernández, D. Simas, Antonio Jorge Ribeiro Silva","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88221","url":null,"abstract":"Stevia serrata Cav. (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) grows in Central America and Mexico usually over 1500 m. In this study, essential oils of aerial parts from three populations of western Guatemala were obtained yielding 0.17–0.27% of oil by hydrodistillation. Chamazulene (42–62%) was the most abundant compound in the oil analyzed GC/MS, also presenting germacrene D (4.4–15.3%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2–11.8%), ( E )-nerolidol (3.9–7.1%), spathulenol (2.3–7.9%), and ( E )-caryophyllene (2.5–6.6%). Besides, a propagation trial was carried out on seeds of plants collected in Santa Lucía Utatlán, as the first step for the domestication of the plant, obtaining approximately 75% survival in the transplanting of the germinated seedlings. After the flowering of the individuals, a greenish essential oil was obtained from the roots yielding 0.2% of oil. This oil did not present chamazulene, but α -longipinene (23.5%), germacrene D (22.2%), santolina triene (12.6%), and ( E )-caryophyllene (8.1%) as major components. As conclusion, it was confirmed that the aerial parts of the essential oil of S. serrata from western Guatemala presents a high content of chamazulene and that there is feasibility for the domestication of the plant through the germination of seeds.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-30DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86576
A. M. Teles, Adenilde Nascimento Mouchreck, G. O. Everton, A. L. Abreu-Silva, K. Calabrese, Fernando Almeida-Souza
There are many food-borne pathogens in the wild and they are considered the cause of serious public health problems in both developed and developing countries. The use of natural products, such as antimicrobial compounds, has been increasing, in an attempt to control bacteria present in foods, mainly pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics. This chapter is intended to provide the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Citrus latifolia (tahiti lemon) and Curcuma longa (saffron) as well as to determinate its chemical composition. The oils had been extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger type apparatus and the antimicrobial activity was performed against standard strains Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . The antioxidant activity was carried out using the ABTS [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] method. The essential oils presented a mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes. The best minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to C. zeylanicum against S. aureus . O. vulgare antioxidant activity presented inhibition of 90.74% and EC 50 of 14 μ g mL − 1 . These results demonstrate that the essential oils analyzed presented efficient antibacterial activity and antioxidant action being able to satisfy the demand of use as control of microorganisms in the food.
野外有许多食源性病原体，它们被认为是发达国家和发展中国家严重公共卫生问题的原因。为了控制食品中存在的细菌，主要是对传统抗生素具有耐药性的病原体，诸如抗菌化合物等天然产物的使用一直在增加。本章旨在提供肉桂(Cinnamomum zeylanicum)、牛至(Origanum vulgare)、生姜(Zingiber officinale)、迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)、大溪地柠檬(Citrus latifolia)和藏红花(Curcuma longa)精油的抗菌和抗氧化活性，并测定其化学成分。用Clevenger型装置对精油进行了加氢蒸馏提取，并对标准菌株大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌进行了抑菌活性测定。采用ABTS[2,2-氮唑-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)]法测定其抗氧化活性。精油是单萜和倍半萜的混合物。确定了zeylanicum对金黄色葡萄球菌的最佳最小抑制浓度。14 μ g mL−1的抗氧化活性抑制率为90.74%，ec50抑制率为90.74%。结果表明，所分析的精油具有良好的抑菌活性和抗氧化作用，能够满足控制食品中微生物的需要。
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Spices Used in the Food Industry in Brazil","authors":"A. M. Teles, Adenilde Nascimento Mouchreck, G. O. Everton, A. L. Abreu-Silva, K. Calabrese, Fernando Almeida-Souza","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86576","url":null,"abstract":"There are many food-borne pathogens in the wild and they are considered the cause of serious public health problems in both developed and developing countries. The use of natural products, such as antimicrobial compounds, has been increasing, in an attempt to control bacteria present in foods, mainly pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics. This chapter is intended to provide the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Citrus latifolia (tahiti lemon) and Curcuma longa (saffron) as well as to determinate its chemical composition. The oils had been extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger type apparatus and the antimicrobial activity was performed against standard strains Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . The antioxidant activity was carried out using the ABTS [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] method. The essential oils presented a mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes. The best minimum inhibitory concentration was determined to C. zeylanicum against S. aureus . O. vulgare antioxidant activity presented inhibition of 90.74% and EC 50 of 14 μ g mL − 1 . These results demonstrate that the essential oils analyzed presented efficient antibacterial activity and antioxidant action being able to satisfy the demand of use as control of microorganisms in the food.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130893641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-16DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87199
E. Stashenko, J. Martínez
Researchers from several Colombian universities have joined efforts for over 15 years to characterize the composition and biological properties of more than a thousand samples of essential oils (EOs) obtained from aromatic plants collected during at least 30 botanical outings in different regions of Colombia. This chapter presents a brief description of essential oil extraction and chemical characterization techniques, followed by a representative list of references to publications on EO composition obtained from tropical aromatic plants that grow in Colombia. Opportunities for the development of interesting products for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, hygiene, and food industries are illustrated with a few selected works on the evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antiviral, antigenotoxic activities, and repellence of these essential oils.
{"title":"Study of Essential Oils Obtained from Tropical Plants Grown in Colombia","authors":"E. Stashenko, J. Martínez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87199","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers from several Colombian universities have joined efforts for over 15 years to characterize the composition and biological properties of more than a thousand samples of essential oils (EOs) obtained from aromatic plants collected during at least 30 botanical outings in different regions of Colombia. This chapter presents a brief description of essential oil extraction and chemical characterization techniques, followed by a representative list of references to publications on EO composition obtained from tropical aromatic plants that grow in Colombia. Opportunities for the development of interesting products for the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, hygiene, and food industries are illustrated with a few selected works on the evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antiviral, antigenotoxic activities, and repellence of these essential oils.","PeriodicalId":183791,"journal":{"name":"Essential Oils - Oils of Nature","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123783296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86571
Zakaria Hazzoumi, Youssef Moustakime, K. A. Joutei
The accumulation of essential oils in plants is generally limited to specialized secretory structures, namely, glandular trichomes (hairs) which are multicellular epidermal glands, found in some families such as Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Solanaceae, and which secrete terpenes in an extracellular cavity at the apex of the trichome. Storage of terpenoids in these structures can also be used to limit the risk of toxicity to the plant itself. The morphology of these structures varies according to the conditions of irrigation and also according to the toxicity of intracuticular contents and can be changed with the phenology of the plant. The secretory glands of aromatic plants come in different shapes and sizes, in order to ensure a specific function. This function consists mainly in the protection of different plant organs and the attraction of pollinators. Some scientist classified these glands into peltate hairs and capitate hairs, based on morphological criteria; however, others classified them into short-term glands and long-term glands, based on the mode of secretion. Short-term glands are glands that secrete rapidly to protect young organs. The long-term glands are glands in which the secretory substance accumulates gradually in the subcuticular space and play a role in the protection of mature organs such as the flower, as well as in pollination. According to this definition, he inferred that the capitate hairs are the short-term glands, while the peltate hairs are long-term glands. The difference between these two types of glands consists several aspects like structure, mode of secretion, and timing of secretion. In this object, this chapter includes some microscopic observation to glandular hairs and their combination with mode of secretion, nature of contents, and phenology of plant to give a good comprehension and classification.
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