{"title":"Force, Mood and the Unity of the Proposition","authors":"M. Schaar","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130510210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Force and Content","authors":"Charles Travis","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121991311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.4324/9781003105152-12
Friederike Moltmann
This paper presents a novel perspective on the force-content distinction against the background of truthmaker semantics and an ontology of attitudinal objects, entities that we refer to as ‘claims’, ‘beliefs’, ‘requests’, ‘offers’, ‘desires’, ‘hopes’, and ‘decisions’ and that are neither acts (or states) nor propositions. Attitudinal objects incorporate illocutionary force or attitudinal mode and come with various sorts of satisfaction conditions, reflected in the applicability of different satisfaction predicates. Various linguistic generalizations support the view that attitudinal objects, rather than propositions, play a central role in the semantics of attitude reports. Making use of Fine’s (2017, 2018a, b) recent truthmaker semantics, the paper outlines an account of force/mode in terms of conditions on the satisfiers of attitudinal objects or on attitudinal objects themselves. Those conditions concern the type of entities that may act as satisfiers (situations, actions, states, (assertoric) attitudinal objects), the presence or absence of violators, causal connections between attitudinal object and satisfiers, and, importantly, the direction of fit. The paper gives a novel account of the notion of direction of fit, motivated by the actual readings of the predicate correct when applied to attitudinal objects or their satisfiers: an attitudinal object with a word/mind-world direction of fit is associated with an intrinsic (non-action-guiding) norm (that of truth); attitudinal objects with a world-word/mind direction of fit impose an action-guiding norm or a purpose on potential satisfiers.
{"title":"Truthmaking, Satisfaction and the Force-Content Distinction","authors":"Friederike Moltmann","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel perspective on the force-content distinction against the background of truthmaker semantics and an ontology of attitudinal objects, entities that we refer to as ‘claims’, ‘beliefs’, ‘requests’, ‘offers’, ‘desires’, ‘hopes’, and ‘decisions’ and that are neither acts (or states) nor propositions. Attitudinal objects incorporate illocutionary force or attitudinal mode and come with various sorts of satisfaction conditions, reflected in the applicability of different satisfaction predicates. Various linguistic generalizations support the view that attitudinal objects, rather than propositions, play a central role in the semantics of attitude reports. Making use of Fine’s (2017, 2018a, b) recent truthmaker semantics, the paper outlines an account of force/mode in terms of conditions on the satisfiers of attitudinal objects or on attitudinal objects themselves. Those conditions concern the type of entities that may act as satisfiers (situations, actions, states, (assertoric) attitudinal objects), the presence or absence of violators, causal connections between attitudinal object and satisfiers, and, importantly, the direction of fit. The paper gives a novel account of the notion of direction of fit, motivated by the actual readings of the predicate correct when applied to attitudinal objects or their satisfiers: an attitudinal object with a word/mind-world direction of fit is associated with an intrinsic (non-action-guiding) norm (that of truth); attitudinal objects with a world-word/mind direction of fit impose an action-guiding norm or a purpose on potential satisfiers.","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122516989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[ Abstract ] It is common to distinguish beween the content of a judgment, or the content of an assertion, and the (judicative/assertoric) force which is missing when the content is “merely entertained”. This distinction, however, conflicts with the claim that propositional content is inherently judicative/assertoric (the judicative/assertoric component being what unifies the proposition). This chapter attempts to resolve the tension. All the cases in which a proposition is said to be merely entertained are shown to be cases in which, actually, a forceful act of assertion or judgment, or a forceful state of belief, is simulated. This applies not only to cases like fiction, irony, or supposition, but also to the cases in which a proposition is a part of a more complex proposition. The notion of simulation used here is the same one which “simulation theory” appeals to in connection with activities such as fiction (reading novels, watching movies, etc.), planning, mindreading, pretend play, and hypothetical reasoning.
{"title":"Entertaining as Simulation","authors":"F. Récanati","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-6","url":null,"abstract":"[ Abstract ] It is common to distinguish beween the content of a judgment, or the content of an assertion, and the (judicative/assertoric) force which is missing when the content is “merely entertained”. This distinction, however, conflicts with the claim that propositional content is inherently judicative/assertoric (the judicative/assertoric component being what unifies the proposition). This chapter attempts to resolve the tension. All the cases in which a proposition is said to be merely entertained are shown to be cases in which, actually, a forceful act of assertion or judgment, or a forceful state of belief, is simulated. This applies not only to cases like fiction, irony, or supposition, but also to the cases in which a proposition is a part of a more complex proposition. The notion of simulation used here is the same one which “simulation theory” appeals to in connection with activities such as fiction (reading novels, watching movies, etc.), planning, mindreading, pretend play, and hypothetical reasoning.","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114763865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.4324/9781003105152-10
M. Green
{"title":"Force, Content and Translucent Self-Ascriptions","authors":"M. Green","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114730379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminaries for a Speech-Act Theory of Imperative Content","authors":"Christopher Hom, Jeremy Schwartz","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123777344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Force Cancellation and Force Liberation","authors":"E. Manolakaki","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130374302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Varieties of Cancellation","authors":"P. Hanks","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128611490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.4324/9781003105152-11
M. Textor
{"title":"On a Neglected Fregean Motive for Distinguishing Between Content and Force","authors":"M. Textor","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123020699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Expressivism and the Puzzle of Truth-Apt Sentences","authors":"Stephen J Barker","doi":"10.4324/9781003105152-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003105152-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184175,"journal":{"name":"Force, Content and the Unity of the Proposition","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129316486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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